2.02 Public policy has, in the UK, always favoured a voluntary approach to conservation and to the control of agricultural land use in the countryside.
The modern legislation seeks to encourage farmers and landowners to participate voluntarily in conservation measures. This is exemplified, for instance, in the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and the manner in which it seeks to promote the management of farmland for nature conservation; and in the development of a number of successful ‘agri-environment’ schemes to promote environmentally friendly farming under the Rural Development Programmes for England Wales and Scotland, and funded within Pillar 2 of the Common Agricultural Policy.
A large number of addition legal controls on land use also apply, however, as a consequence of the implementation of EU environmental and agricultural policies, and many of these are not based (as is domestic conservation law) on the so-called ‘voluntary principle’. The impact on agriculture of the legislation on environmental protection, planning and the common agricultural policy is considered in detail in Chapters 12–15 below. This chapter will give an historical introduction to these measures and their development.2.03 The legislative provisions fall into several different groups:
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