Index

A

Abuse, 235-236, 242-247

Active citizens, 201-202

African Union (AU), 74

Agency, 111, 118, 120, 121, 152-153

All-party mechanisms (APM), 432

Armed forces, 76

Asylum, 351, 354, 356, 357-358

Autobiography, 72

B

Backwardness, 77

Belonging, 54-55, 60-68

Benin home, 72

Best interests of child, 357

Big Men

Bigmanity networks in rider industry, 136-138

extortion and small men frustration, 143-146

patrimonial politics, 132-134 politics and post-conflict Sierra Leone, 130-131

Border(s), 352, 354, 355, 358, 362, 364 violence, 370, 372, 375, 381

C

Caregiver Program, 398

Child protection, 100-104

Children, 216, 218, 219, 221, 229

Global Partnership for Youth and, 191 and youth in peacebuilding, 191-211 Children migrants

Central America, 401-403

Mexico, 401-403

Children’s legal subjectivity, 352-353.

See also Palestinian children disabled, 238 domestic violence, 246 privacy and home, 235 social marginalisation, 239 social positioning, 236 violence against, 238 vulnerabilities and dependencies, 239 Child soldiers

actor-oriented approach, 79 advocacy, 73 in Africa, 75

central characters, 73 demobilization, 75 disembodiment of narratives, 73

Machel report, 75 narratives of, 76 phenomenon, 73, 75 plot lines, 73

primary narratives, 73 protecting children, 74 reintegration of, 75 representation, 77-79 research opportunities, 77 social networks, 73 sound bites, 77 victimcy, 83

Citizenship, 60-68

Class condescension, 413-416

Cold War

international agenda, 74 proxy, 74

Colonialism, 262

Conflict

analysis, 208

armed, 188

© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017

C. Harker et al. (eds.), Conflict, Violence and Peace, Geographies of Children and Young People 11, DOI 10.1007/978-981-287-038-4

Conflict (cont.)

land, 191, 206

political instability and insecurity, 211

transformation efforts, 189 and violence in Nepal, 202-203 violent, 190

Coping

withconflict, 153-154

and cycles of violence, 162-164

Ladebrouille, 156-161

and meaning attribution, 154-156

and risk-taking, 158-160

Cruel optimism, 416

D

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) coping and violence, 162-164 La debrouille, 156-161

North and South Kivu, 150-151 resilience and war, 151-156

Discourse, 111, 114, 117, 121-122

Drug wars, 370, 373, 377

E

Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG), 74

Economic liberalization, 427

Economic migration

Caribbean family, 397 communication technologies, 394 families, 390

household livelihood, 393

immigrant experience, 390 new visions, 403-404 poor educational outcomes, 399 temporary labour, 390 temporary migrant workers, 390 transnationalism, 403-404

Educational attainment, 428, 433

Endurance, 264-265

Ethnic and racial stereotypes, 413-416 Ethnic group conflict theory, 44 Ethno-religious identification, 37

Europe, child evacuation in, 330-336

Everydayviolence, 112-115, 119, 120, 121-122

F

Family, 238, 241.

Family reunification

academic, 401

Filipino children, Canada, 399-400

Family separation

cultural unity, 396

emotional impact of, 395

Filipino families, 396 intergenerational contract, 395 migration contract, 396

Female guardians, 394

Filipino Canadian Youth Alliance (FCYA), 403

Filipino labour diaspora, 390

Filipino migrant workers, 393

Filipino nationals work overseas, 390

Finnish war children, evacuation of, 328-330, 336-344

Forced displacement, 308, 314, 316, 319, 311-313

Former child soldiers

in motorbike taxi industry, 134-136 post-conflict survival & livelihoods, 138-140

protection and solidarity, 140-143 small men frustration, 143-146

France, child evacuation in, 333-334

G

Geographies of Palestinian children, 280-283

Geopolitics, 432

decentring, 258

Palestine, 255-257

Germany, child evacuation in, 334-335

Global political economic, 389

Global South, 257

Great Britain

child evacuation in, 331-333 and Finland, 319-321

Guatemala, orphans, 94-96

H

Home, 236-240, 242

Honda Layoffs, in Swindon, 416-421

Humanitarian intervention, 90, 91

Humanitarianism, 216, 218, 229, 230

I

Immigration enforcement, 350 asylum-seekers, 354 child-objects/subjects and migrant-subjects, 355-356 children’s legal subjectivity, 352-353 families as geopolitical vulnerabilities, 356-365

foreign policy, 353-354 geostrategic discourse, 354-355

Immigration law. See Immigration enforcement Impact of CYP in peacebuilding, 200-207 influencing factors, 207-211

Inequalities, 430

Intergroup conflicts, 41

Interim care centres (ICCs), 72

International adoption

community-based care, 94

and corruption, 102

destination, 96

force, fraud, and coercion, 95

and foreign missionaries, 96

legal guardianship, US citizens, 98

lucrative adoption market, 94

lucrative business, 99

orphan addicts, 100

orphan crisis, 90, 100

and orphan policy, 90

orphan rescue discourse, 98

SAFe Campaign, 104 subsidiarity principle, 101 in Uganda, 98, 100 in U.S.

J

Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna/People’s Liberation Front (JVP), 2,4, 7,12,13, 15

Japanese Filipino Children (JFC), 400

Justice

social navigation, 171-172

youth and, 180-182

Mexican society

cultural unity, 396

social membership, 396

transnational families, 396

Micro-politics, 426

Migration, 371, 373, 374, 380

Muslim youth

citizenship and belonging, 54-55, 60-68 national imaginary, 54 orientalism, 55-60

N

National youth policy (NYP), 427

Nepal’s post-war transition, educational distinction, 432-435 all-party mechanisms, 432 Constituent Assembly, 431 drug cultivation, 437 gender discrimination, 437 investment families, 428 labor migration, 437 Madhesi movement, 430

Maoists and political parties, 430

moral guidance, 435

national progress, 428-429

People’s Movement 2, 430

political instability, 430

post-conflict settings, 426

social progress, 436

social reform, 437

UNMIN, 430

YSEF program, 427

New England Ville, 72

New Wars, 73

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), 74

L

Ladebrouille, 156-161

Liberation psychology, 291-293

Literacy rate, 428

M

Macro-politics, 426

Madhesi movement, 430

Maltreatment, 238, 240

Maoist civil war, 427

Memory/memories, 4, 7-15, 314-316

Methodology, Palestinian children scholarship,

272-273

O

Okada riding, 130, 134, 135

Orphan(s), 90-92

addicts, 96-99

crisis, 92-94

disaster, 94-96

industrial complex, 90, 94, 96, 101, 104, 97-99

rescue, 90, 93, 94, 96, 98, 104 Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW), 388

P

Palestine, 255-257, 258-260 adversity affecting, 277-278

Palestine (cont.)

Aqsa Intifada, 290 child (see Palestinian children) children’s geographies, 280-283 family (see Palestinian family) liberation psychology in, 291-293 methodological approaches, children scholarship, 272-273

NGOs, 293-296 place, 279-280 political violence, 276-277 research methods, 271-273 trauma relief in, 296-300 traumatic stress, 289 violence in, 289

Palestinian, 216, 217, 219, 221, 222, 226, 227, 230

Palestinian children, 270-271 adversity affecting, 277-278 age range, 273-274 geographies of, 280-283 parent-child dyad, 274-275 political violence, 276-277 role of physical environment, 279-280 scholarship, 271-273

Palestinian family a’ila and hamula, 275 parent-child dyad, 274-275 role of physical environment, 279-280

Participation in peacebuilding

CYP, 191-211

Global Partnership for Children and Youth, 191

3M participatory evaluation, 191-211 Participatory evaluation, multi-agency multi­country multi-donor (3M), 191-211 Peacebuilding

Children and Youth in Peacebuilding (CYP), 191-211

definition, 189

Global Partnership for Children and Youth in, 191

3M participatory evaluation, 191-211

People’s movement 2, 430

Perpetrators, 8

Phatic, 394

Philippines, 37-39

Place, Palestine, 279-280

Political instability, 429, 430

Political violence

causes and effects of, 291 children in, 290 liberation psychology in, 303-304 trauma of, 292-293

Post 9/11,60, 62, 65

Post-colonial theory, 291

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 29 Post-war

definition, 173

displacements, militancy and mistrust, 175-177

economic opportunities, 174 social and spatial mobility, 177-180 youth and justice, 180-182

Protection, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 227, 228 PTSD. See Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

R

Rape, 24-27

Research methods, Palestine, 271-273 Resilience and war, 151-156

Resistance, 262-264

S

Sexual violence, 24-27

Sierra Leone

Big Men politics and, 130-131

Bigmanity and, 133-134

Bigmanity networks in rider industry, 136-138

motorbike taxi industry in, 134-136 post-conflict survival & livelihoods, 138-143 Social and spatial mobility, 177-180 Social identity theory, 43 Social mobility, 433, 437, 438

Soviet Union, child evacuation in, 335-336 Space, 217, 219, 221,224, 227

Spatial trauma, 308, 312, 319, 321, 314-316 Sri Lanka, 2, 4, 4-7, 170-171

social and spatial mobility, 177-180

war costs and recovery stages, 173-174 war displacements, militancy and mistrust, 175-177

youth and justice, 180-182

youth in, 174-175

State ambivalence, 391-392

Street children, 110-112

as agents, 116-120

contradictory space of street, 120-121 shame, exclusion, and violence of discourse, 121-123

as victims of violence, 112-115

Structuralviolence, 111, 118,411-413 Subjectivity.

Honda Layoffs in, 416-421 youth un(der)employment in, 411-413, 416-421

Symbolic violence, 413-416

T

Transnationalism, 69

Trauma

healing trauma, 300

and liberation psychology, 291-293 psychological trauma, 289-290 trauma relief, 296-300

U

Uganda, orphans, 96-99

Undocumented residents, 393 Undocumented youth, 381, 382 Un(der)employment. See Youth un(der) employment

United Nation's Mission in Nepal (UNMIN), 430

U.S.-Mexico border

border inspections and rights' violations, 374-376

border violence, 375 constitution free zone, 374 death in Ciudad Juarez, 378-379 insecurity, instability and violence containment, 376

local border youth, 371-374 migration corridor, 374 necropolitics, 377-378 neoliberalism, 374

paralyzing border stagnation, 374 social death, 381-382 socio-political fears, 370 transfronterizos, 376 transmigrant death, 379-381 violence, vulnerability, and death, 370

V

Violence, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9-11

and adversity, 152

awareness raising, sensitization and campaigns, 209

in Columbia, 203-204

and conflict in Nepal, 202-203

cultural, 189

direct, 189

domestic, 154 meaning attribution and coping, 154-156 in North and South Kivu, 150-151 poems and stories on peace and,

196-197

political violence, 155-156

political, 153, 154 and poverty, 152 reduction, 205-206 state, 154 structural and political, 152

structural, 189 structures of violence, 156-164

verbal, 189 war-related, 154

Violence containment, 370, 372, 376

W

War

casualties, 30

costs and recovery stages, 173-174 displacements, militancy and mistrust, 175-177

and resilience, 151-156

War-affected children, 22-24 injury and disease, 29-30 mental health, 27-29 sexual violence, 24-27

War child

British and Finnish children, abroad-sent, 316-319

Europe, evacuation in, 330-336 evacuated British children, 316-319 Finnish war children, evacuation of, 328-330, 336-344

France, evacuation in, 333-334

Germany, evacuation in, 334-335

Great Britain, evacuation in, 331-333 sense of self and placelessness, 310-312 Soviet Union, evacuation in, 335-336 spatial trauma in, 314-316 trauma in, 313-314

World War II, 319, 322

child evacuation in Europe, 330-336

Y

Young people

and coping, 162-164

La debrouille, 156-161

Young people (cont.) resilience, 151-156 and risk-taking, 158-160

Youth, 174-175

and children in peacebuilding, 191-211 costs of war and stages of recovery, 173-174

discomforting memory, 8-15

education and employment, 183

Global Partnership for Children and, 191 justice and, 180-182

representations, 7-8

in Sri Lanka, 4-7

Youth un(der)employment, 411-413, 416-421