NOTES

1 The International Military Tribunal for the Far East convened on 3 May, 1946 and adjourned on 12 November, 1948.

2 The Nuremberg Trials are a series of trials that were held from 1945 to 1949.

3 The ICJ as the successor of the PCIJ is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations: see also the UN Charter, Arts 92-96 and www.icj-cij.org/pcij/index.php?p1=9

4 The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia was established by Resolution 827 of the United Nations Security Council adopted on 25 May, 1993.

5 The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda was created on 8 November, 1994 by the United Nations Security Council and is located in Arusha, Tanzania.

6 The European Court of Human Rights was established as a permanent court on 1 November, 1998 and is located in Strasbourg.

7 See curia.europa.eu/en/instit/presentationfr/ index_tpi.htm

8 Moore, History and Digest of the International Arbitrations to which the United States has been a party (I. Bd, 1898, 495).

9 See www.pca-cpa.org/

10 Establishing the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law was formally decided with the Resolution 2205 by the General Assembly on 17 December, 1966. It was designed as a body of member and observer states under the auspices of the United Nations.

11 The International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes was founded as an institution of the World Bank Group in 1966.

12 Helms-Burton Act, Pub.L. 104-114, 110 Stat. 785, 22 U.S.C.§ 6021-6091, See also: www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode22/ usc_sec_22_00006021—000-.html

13 Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons. ICJ Reports 1996, Advisory Opinion, Dispositive Paragraph 2E.

14 The Special Tribunal for Lebanon was proposed and approved by the United Nations and was established on 30 May, 2007 as an International Criminal Court. See also the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1757 (2007).

Satow, Sir Ernest (1917) A Guide to Diplomatic Practice. Longmans, Green & Co., London & New York.

Simma, Bruno (ed.) (2002) The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary. 2nd edn.

Touval and Zartman, W. (eds) (1985) International Mediation in Theory and Practice. United Nations Codification Division. 1992 Handbook on the peaceful settlement of disputes between states.

Triffterer, O. (1999) Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.

Wendt, Alexander (1999) Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge.

Zimmermann, Andreas, Tomuschat, Christian and Oellers-Frahm, Karin (eds) (2006) The Statute of the International Court of Justice: A Commentary. Oxford.