Index

Abacha, Sani, 91, 140

Aboud, Ibrahim, 133

Abbasid monarchy, 11; empire, 12

Abu Bakr, first Caliph, 11

Acholi, 83

Addis Ababa Agreement, 134, 138

Agabi, Kanu, 143

Afrennaisance, 30

African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, 73, 77, 89

African Union, 50, 52.

Ahidjo, Ahmadou, 93

Ahmed, Mohammed, 133

Akan, 36, 37–38

al-Banna, Hasan, 119

al-Mahdi, Saddiq, 133, 136

al-Turabi, Hassan, 134

Ali, fourth Caliph, 10, 11

Almoravid Islamic sect, 110

Alur, 83

American Declaration of Independence (1776), 168, 169

American Revolution, 169, 175, 176

Amhara, 64

Amin, Idi, 86, 92, 93

Ankole, 83–85

Apartheid regime, 92

Arab/Palestinian conflict, 114

Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC), 69

Articles of Confederation, 168

Arusha Peace Agreement of 1992–93, 77

Asante, 92

Ashanti, 36–37, 45

“Assimiliation,” 44, 45, 92. See also Colonialism

“Association,” 44, 45. See also Colonialism

Association Malienne pour l’Unite et le Progrès de l’Islam (AMUPI), 117

Association for the Social Progress of the Masses (APROSOMA), 76

Babangida, Ibrahim, 140

Baganda, 39, 83

Bakiga, 83

Banda, Kamuzu, 93

Banjul Charter. See African Charter Banyankole, 83

Banyoro, 83

Batoro, 83

Bayʿa, 11, 15

Berbers, 107

Besigye, Kizza, 87

Bill of Rights (1689), 4, 166

Black Islam, 114–15

British Commonwealth, 91

Buganda, 83–86

Bunyoro, 83–85

Cairo Declaration of Border Disputes, 89

Caliphs, 9–10, 11, 12; political authority of, 174; “rightly guided,” 9–10

Capitalism, 178; European, 40; global, 32, 90, 92

Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM), 80–82

Chernobyl, 57

Civic engagement, 5, 6

Civil society, 28, 49, 57, 140, 178

Cold war, 90, 92

Colonialism, 2, 17, 20–21, 23, 26, 32–35, 40, 42–50, 51, 83–84, 91–92, 120, 127; “African,” 89; Anglo-Egyptian colonial rule, 133; Belgian colonial rule, 74; British colonial rule, 44, 46, 91–92, 139; and civilizing mission, 45; French colonial rule, 44–45, 91–92, 112–15, 145, 147–50; and Islam, 113–16; popular resistance to, 47–50; “scramble for Africa,” 21.

Common law, 13, 162, 165, 168

Communalism, 34

Conquest of Istanbul, 184

Conseil Superieur des Chefs Religieux du Senegal (Conseil), 149, 150

Conseil Superieur Islamique du Senegal, 150

Conte, Lansana, 74

Conventional People’s Party (CPP), 68, 69

Conversion, 39

Council of Europe, 166–167

Cross-cultural dialogue, 61

Cultural transformation, 5, 122–23, 126–27, 149

Customary law, 19

Dahiratoul Moustarchidina wal Moustarchidaty (DMWM), 153

Danquah, Joseph Boakye, 91

de Gaulle, Charles, 173

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789), 4, 173

Decolonization, 43, 47, 50–51, 53–54, 56, 115

Democracy, 2, 16–17, 166, 175–77, 179, 181–84; charismatic, 112; and democratic theory, 182; in precolonial Africa, 36–38

Democratic Assembly for the Republic (RADER), 76

Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG), 71, 72, 74, 92

Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), 136–37

Derg, 64, 65, 93–94

Dia, Mamadou, 145

Dignity, 2, 32, 58–62, 182, 183

Diof, Adbou, 145, 146, 152

Dyula rebellion, 40

Egba United Board of Management (EUBM), 40

Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, 119, El-Bashir, Omar, 91, 134, 137

Enlightenment, 44, 113, 168, 175, 176, 185

Epistemology, 20, 23, 28, 33

Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), 67, 95

Eurocentrism, 33–34

European Convention of Human Rights (1950), 166

European Union, 17, 167

Fante Confederation in Ghana, 40, 41

Fascism, 16

Federal Bill of Rights, 168

Federalist papers, 168

First World War, 11, 43, 44, 47, 114, 127

Florida, 7

la Francophonie, 91

Franklin, Benjamin, 169

Freedom: political, 179; in precolonial Africa, 38–39

French Revolution (1789), 44, 171, 175, 176, 185

Front de Liberation Nationale (FLN), 119

Front Islamique du Salut (FIS), 119

Fulani, 41, 45, 139, 141; empire, 111; Jihads, 40. See also Hausa-Fulani

Gacaca, 19

Gandhi, 19, 20

Genocide, 19, 75, 78, 91

Ghana National Commission on Children, 70

Global academy, 19, 20

Globalization, 56, 121, 128

Gowon, Yakubu, 93

Grebo, 40

Habyarimana, Juvenal, 75

Hajj, 112

Hamahullah, Shaykh, 114

Hausa, 41, 45, 111, 139, 141; Muslims, 143.

Hausa-Fulani, 139; Emirates, 41, 45

Historicity, 27, 32, 33

Historiography, 33

Hudud, 105, 106, 154

Human dignity. See Dignity

Human rights. See Rights

Hutu, 74, 75

Ibn Khaldun, 19, 20, 123

Ibo, 46

Idris, Ahmad b., 112

Igbo, 41, 139, 141

Imams, 10

“Indirect rule,” 44, 83, 92, 116, 120. See also Colonialism International law, 51, 55–56

International Monetary Fund, 70

Islamic empire, 110

Islamic fundamentalism, 103, 152

Islamic state, 103–5, 136, 148, 154–57; as conceptually incoherent, 104

Islamic theocracy, 111

Islamist movements, 117–20, 121, 180

Iteso, 83

James II, 165

Jesuits, 113

Jihad, 40, 111, 113, 123, 125, 133, 148; as basis of anticolonial struggle, 111; Fulani, 40

Judeo-Christian tradition, 161, 168

Julula, 114

Jumbe, Aboud, 81

Kagame, Paul, 78

Kamba, 45, 47

Kaunda, Kenneth, 92, 93

Kayibanda, Gregoire, 74, 76

Keita, Modibo, 89

Kenyatta, Jomo, 90

Kerekou, Mathieu, 93, 97

Khatmyya, 112, 137

Kikuyu, 36–37, 45, 46

Kikwete, Jakaya Mrisho, 82

King John, 164

Kufuor, John, 71

Lagos Plan of Action, 89

Langton, Archbishop, 164

League of Nations, 43, 56, 127

Liberties, 178. See also Rights Luther, Martin, 169

Maasai, 36–37, 45, 47

Madhabib, 104

Mageuzi, 82

Magna Carta, 164, 166

Maji Maji Rebellion, 48

Malams, 108

Maliki School, 110–11

Marabouts, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152. See also Tariqas

Marxism-Leninist ideology, 92

Marxist-Leninist People’s Revolutionary Party of Benin, 93

Marxist-Leninist Program of Democratic Revolution of Ethiopia, 93–94

Mau Mau, 93

Mayflower Compact, 168Medina, 9, 12; state, 10–11, 15, 104–5, 113

Menelik II, 64, 89

Middle East, 114, 117, 118, 152

Military Committee for National Recovery (CMRN), 72, 93

Mills, John, 71

Mohammed, AH, 82

Moi, Daniel arap, 92

Movement for National Revolution and Development (MNRD), 75, 76

Mourid brotherhood, 114

Mouride, 149, Mouridism, 151

Mugabe, Robert, 91

Muhammad, Prophet, 9–11, 15, 100, 104–5, 113

Muligande, Charles, 78

Munster Commission, 84, 85

Muslim Association Party, 92

Muslim Brotherhood, 121, 134

Museveni, Yoweri, 86–88, 93–95;

Movement (formerly NRM) of, 87, 88

Napoleonic Code, 173

Nasser, Gamal Abdul, 92

Nation-state, 2, 17, 53, 54, 120, 177; European model of, 2, 17, 120. See also Islamic state; State

National Commission on Democracy (NCD), 70

National Democratic Congress (NDC), 71

National Islamic Front (NIF), 134, 135, 180

National Liberation Council (NLC), 68

National Liberation Movement, 92

National Sudanese Party, 137

Nationalism, 27, 33, 34, 115, 119, 185

Nazi occupation (France), 25, 118

Nazism, 16, 172

Ndebele-Shona uprising, 48

New Patriotic Party (NPP), 71

Nkrumah, Kwame, 90, 91, 93

Non-alignment, 92

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 6, 57, 58

Norman Conquest, 164

Northern People’s Party, 92

Numeiri, Jaafar, 92, 133–35, 137, 138

Nyalali, Francis, 81

Nyerere, Julius, 79, 80, 81, 92

OAU Decisions on Good Governance, 89

Obasanjo, Olesegun, 94, 142

Obote, Milton, 85–87, 91, 93, 97

Organization of African Unity (OAU), 50, 52, 89, 91; Charter, 73, 89.

Oromo, 64

Ottoman Empire, 11, 184

Overlapping consensus, 61

Paine, Thomas, 170

Pan-Africanism, 89, 92

Pan-Islamic networks, 113

Parti Democratique (PD), 145

Parti Socialiste (PS), 145, 146

Party for the Emancipation of the Hutu People (PARMEHUTU), 74–76

Party for Unity and Progress (PUP), 74

Party-state, 72, 80, 82

Pax Africana, 51, 52

Pax Europa, 51, 52

People’s National Party (PNP), 69

Pilgrim Code of Law, 168

Popular National Congress Party (PNC), 134, 137

Postcolonial condition, 20–23, 28, 32, 177; and hegemony, 32; and Islam, 117–23; and sovereignty in Africa, 50–58. See also Colonialism

Program of National Democratic Revolution of Ethiopia, 65, 93–94

Progress Party (PP), 69

Proletariat, 179

Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC), 69–71

Public life, 34

Public policy, 155, 158

Public space, 101

Qadirriya, 112, 114, 117, 149

Qarar, 105

Qawama, 13

Qur’an, 12, 13, 100, 103, 104, 106

Racism, 90

Rawlings, Jerry, 69–71, 92, 93, 97

Res Christiana, 39

Revolution of 1688 (Britain), 25, 166, 166

Riba, 105

Rights, 2, 5, 6, 58–62, 170, 183–84; civil, 13–15, 90, 186; collective, 5, 59; and dignity, 58–62; human, 2, 13, 16, 49, 58–62, 94, 120; individual, 5, 59, 170, 173. See also Liberties

Roman Catholicism, 113

Rwandan National Unity Party (UNAR), 76

Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), 75–77

Salihiyya, 112

Sani, Ahmad, 143

Sanusiyya, 112

Second World War, 43, 51, 114

Secularism, 24, 29, 116, 142, 147, 149, 154, 157

Separation of powers, 7, 102, 120–21, 167, 183

Selassie, Haile, 64, 89, 93

Self-determination, 6, 57, 156

Seko, Mobutu Sese, 92

Senghor, Leopold, 145

Shagari, Shehu, 94

Sharʿa, 9, 10, 12–14, 100, 103–7, 110, 113, 116, 121, 149, 154, 156, 174; codification of, 116; founding jurists of, 106; misleading as Islamic law, 104; in Nigeria, 141–44, 156, 157; as normative system of Islam, 9, 100; rights of People of the Book under, 14, 106; rights of women and non-Muslims under, 13–14, 105–6, 138, 154; in Senegal, 146, 147; in Sudan, 135–38, 156, 157

Sheikhs, 108

Shiʿa, 9–10

Shura, 12, 15

Sidi al-Mukhtar al-Kunti, 111, 112

Slavery, 25, 39–40, 181

Social justice, 3–5, 179

Socialism, 91, 116, 180

Sonike, 107

Sovereignty 2, 3–4, 17, 38, 50, 58, 90, 102, 131, 170, 172, 175; parliamentary, 162, 165; in postcolonial Africa, 50–58; rethinking of, 57–58

Soviet totalitarianism, 16

State, 2, 17, 50–58, 91, 117–23, 141–42; and civil society, 178; Islam and, 117–23; precolonial, 47; postcolonial, 2, 19, 21–22, 30, 50–53, 117–23, 124, 125, 128, 137, 149; relationship of religion and culture with, 123–28; and sovereignty; 50–58, 120; territorial, 2, 17, 30, 53, 112, 117–25, 127, 135, 137, 177; welfare state, 179.

Subalternity, 33, 34

Sudanese Communist Party, 137

Sudanese People’s Liberation Movement, 137

Sufi: brotherhoods, 111–13; Islam, 147–49, 152, 158; mystics, 107; roots of Africanized Islam, 125. See also Marabouts; Tariqas

Sunna, 100, 103, 104, 106

Sunni, 9

Tariqas, 111, 112, 140, 148, 149. See also Marabouts Telli, Diallo, 91

Tigrayans, 66

Tigreans, 64

Tigrinya, 64

Tijaniyya, 112, 114, 117, 148, 152, 153

Toro, 83, 84, 85

Touba, 151

Toure, Ahmed Sekou, 71, 72, 91, 93

Traore, Moussa, 93, 117

Turaki, Saminu, 143

Tutsis, 74, 75

Twa, 74

Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF), 86, 94–95

Ugandan People’s Congress, 87

Ulama, 13, 40

Umar, second Caliph, 11

Umma, 39, 119, 12

Umma Party, 136, 137

Ummayad empire, 12; monarchy, 11

Union of African States (UAS), 89

Union Democratique du Peuple Malien (UDPM), 117

Union for Progress and Renewal (UPR), 74

United Nations, 56, 58; Charter, 73

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 60, 65, 73, 75, 77

U.S. presidential election, 7

Usman dan Fodio, 111

Usman, third Caliph, 11

‘Uthman b. Fudi, 112

Vichy government (France), 25, 172

Virginia Declaration of Rights (June 1776), 4

Wade, Abdoulaye, 145, 152

Wahaby movement, 112, 113, 115, 117, 121, 152

War of 1812, 169

Washington, George, 169

Whigs, 168

Wild Constitutional Committee, 84

William the Conqueror, 164

World Bank, 70

Yenma, Ahmed Sani, 142

Yoruba, 41, 45, 139

Zenawi, Meles, 67

Zina, 141

Zulu, 39