Index

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A

abortion, 9–11, 32, 36, 44, 60, 66–67, 74, 132, 135–38, 172–74, 177–79, 191, 193–95, 201, 203–4, 210, 217, 219–21, 223–27, 229–30, 233–38, 240–54, 256, 258–61, 263–64, 266, 268

absolute rights, 88–89

Adams, John, xvii, 164

Adams, John Quincy, 82

Adkins v. Children’s Hospital, 52, 261

Alito, Samuel, 11, 15, 77, 155, 157–60, 162, 166, 168, 186, 190, 236, 238–41, 244–47, 251–52, 255, 258–59, 261, 267–69

Amar, Akhil, 110

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 95, 160–61

American Revolution, 8, 17, 185

Amherst College, xix–xxi, 4, 23, 61, 126

Aquinas, Thomas, 19, 43, 63–65, 68–69, 72, 78–79, 134, 167, 208

Aristotle, 26, 30, 32, 65, 79, 132, 209–10, 214, 269

Arkes, Judy, xxi–xxv, 171

B

Baby Jane Doe, 55, 57

Bailey, Andrew, 95

Bakke v. University of California, Davis, 118, 121, 123

Bakke, Allan, 118–19, 121

Banner, Stuart, 257

Barth, Karl, 182

Bea, Carlos, 123–24

Beauharnais v. Illinois, 99–100

Berkowitz, Richard, 66–67, 74

Bible, the, 7, 177, 207, 209–10

Biden, Joseph, 178

Bill of Rights, 82, 145

bills of attainder, 209

Black, Hugo, 181, 262–63

Blackmun, Harry, 22, 229

Blackstone, William, xvi, 6–7, 81, 91–92, 215

Bork, Robert, 85

“Born-Alive Infants Protection Act,” 243

Bostock v. Clayton County, 9, 14–17

Bracton, Henry de, 251

Brennan, William, 36, 210

Breyer, Stephen, 75–76, 163, 167, 203, 246

Brookings Institution, xxii, 171

Brown v. Board of Education, 103, 105, 110, 234, 255, 266

Brown, Janice Rogers, 50–51, 195–97

Brown, John, 84

Buckley, James, 229–30

Budziszewski, J., xix, 44

Burger, Warren, 10, 128, 150

Burwell v.

Byrnes, Jimmy, 54

C

Calvin, John, 182

Cardozo, Benjamin, 257–58

Carr, Peter, 42

Casey v. Planned Parenthood, 238, 259

Catholic Church, 10, 43–44, 77, 144, 177–79, 187, 189, 192, 196, 204

causation, 24

Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 126–29, 138, 140, 145, 147–49, 152–55, 158–59, 166–67

Chase, Samuel, 194

Chisholm v. Georgia, 164, 215

Churchill, Winston, xxiii–xxiv

Cicero, xxi, 3–4

civil liberties, 6

Civil Rights Act of 1964, 14–15, 75–76, 111, 190, 234

Clark, Kenneth, 104

coerced speech, 74, 76–77

Cohen v. California, 126–27, 130–31, 135–36, 148, 150, 152

Cohen, Paul Robert, 126–27, 130–32

Cohens v. Virginia, 244

Commerce Clause, 39, 111

common law, xvi, 129, 222, 238, 251–52

common sense, 19–20, 24, 30, 33, 51, 55, 73, 86, 91–92, 126, 138, 149, 154, 185, 227

Communists, 139, 141, 143–44

consensus, 13, 22, 52, 245, 250

conservative jurisprudence, 10, 14, 16–17, 216, 218, 226, 230, 235, 238, 241, 245–46, 249, 258, 264

conservatives, 10–16, 59, 75, 135, 160, 162, 168–69, 241, 252, 256, 261

Constitution, the, 9–14, 17–18, 48–49, 58, 60–61, 69–72, 81–84, 96, 100, 108, 131, 146, 173–75, 187, 201–2, 209, 225, 235–36, 238, 241, 244, 247, 253, 256, 260, 262–65

contraception, 10, 171–74, 177, 179, 194, 196, 201, 259–60, 263

Cooley, Thomas, xvii, 256–57

Cooper, Samuel, 185

Crawford, David, 15

Cuomo, Mario, 178

D

David (biblical), 207–9

Davis, Jefferson, 70

Davis, John W., 255

Declaration of Independence, xxiv, 5, 27, 83–84, 92–95, 187

Democrats, 233

Depression, the, 54

Descartes, Rene, 24–25

determinism, 8, 46, 55, 91, 98, 102, 192

discrimination, 14–16, 46, 64, 73, 76, 97–99, 102–3, 106–8, 110–12, 115–16, 118–19, 121, 123–24, 150–51, 174, 188, 190–92, 211, 267. See also racial discrimination

diversity, 120–22

Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, 233–37, 244, 247, 251–55, 259, 263, 266–68

Doe v.

Douglas, Stephen, 4, 6, 67–70, 72–73, 264–65

Douglas, William, 108, 140–41, 148, 152

Dred Scott, 67, 69–72, 199

Due Process Clause, 72, 106, 145, 238, 252, 256

E

Edwards v. California, 54

Eich, Brendan, 151

Ellsworth, Oliver, 18

embryology, 25–26, 44, 138, 177, 179–80, 216–19, 222, 229–30, 234, 237, 240, 249, 252–53, 264, 268

Epstein, Richard, 261–63

Equal Protection Clause, 15, 106

equality, 93, 108, 184, 196, 202, 215

Evans, Stan, 191

ex post facto laws, xvi, 18

F

faith, 5, 44, 77, 177–78, 183–84, 201

FCC v. Fox, 125

Federalist Papers, 40

Federalists, 81, 95

Fifth Amendment, 194, 256

“fighting words,” 126, 128, 133, 135, 140, 145, 149–50, 153, 167

Finnis, John, xix, 169

First Amendment, 74–75, 82, 85, 88, 127–28, 137, 145, 155, 159–60, 175, 186, 188, 201

First principle of moral judgment, 28–29, 42, 46–47, 63–65, 68–69, 72, 79, 88, 258

First Things,

Forte, David,

Founders (American), xx, xxiv–xxv, 14, 18–19, 31, 40, 61, 94–95, 247

Founding (American), the, 5–6, 8–9, 17, 19, 23, 82, 184–85, 187, 190, 216

Fourteenth Amendment, 15, 100, 106, 111, 145, 176, 226, 238, 246, 251–53, 256, 260–62

Fugitive Slave Clause, 71–72

G

gender identity, 14, 253

George Washington University, xxii, 171

George, Robert, 219

Georgetown, xix, 67

Gibbons v. Ogden, 39

Gienapp, Jonathan, 17

Gilardi v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 196

Gitlow v. New York, 45–46

Gorsuch, Neil, 14, 16, 23, 77, 162, 186, 190

Gosnell, Kermit, 243

Green family, 172–73, 179–80, 193–94, 200

Griswold v. Connecticut, 171–72, 259–60, 262

Grote v. Sebelius, 196

Gundersen, Gunnar, 188–89

H

Hamilton, Alexander, 17–18, 23, 40–42, 81, 90, 95, 117

Hamlin, David, 160

Hanby, Michael, 15

Harlan, John Marshall, 108–9, 115, 130–32, 135, 152–53, 181

Harris Funeral Homes v. EEOC, 14–15

Hatch, Orrin, 66

Hein Hettinga, 50–51

Himmelfarb, Gertrude, 198

historical record, 22–23, 226, 252–54

Hitler, Adolf, 145

Hobby Lobby, 173, 179, 193–94, 200

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., xvi, 11, 14, 30, 33, 35–37, 100, 146, 212, 214–15, 227–28, 260, 263

Hooker, Richard, 182

human nature, 5, 29–30, 57, 228

Hume, David, 24, 164

I

Iancu v.

interracial marriage, 11–12, 15, 76, 190, 260, 262. See also marriage

J

Jackson, Robert, 54, 99–101, 141, 144–48

Jaffa, Harry, xix, 187–88, 248

James Wilson Institute on Natural Rights and the American Founding, xx, 8, 18, 217

James, Henry, 13

Jefferson, Thomas, 5, 42, 44, 123, 164

John Paul II Institute, 15

John Paul II (pope), 178, 182–85

Jones, Bob, 76, 190

justification, 30, 33, 35, 37, 50, 82, 85–86, 89–92, 94–95, 100, 111, 121, 148, 159–60, 192–93, 197, 200, 212–13, 215–16, 224, 226, 249–51

K

Kagan, Elena, 17, 163, 166–68, 203

Kant, Immanuel, xv, xxi, 24, 29, 41, 46, 64, 87–90, 117

Katzenbach v. McClung, 111

Kavanaugh, Brett, 254, 263–64

Kelly v. Gregory, 221

Kennedy, Anthony, 162

Kennedy, Edward, 178

Kent, Chancellor, xvi

Kerry, John, 178

Klingenstein, Thomas, xx

Knox, Father Ronald, 204

Korte v. HHS, 196

Kurland, Philip, 105–6

L

language, xvii, 3, 21, 47, 99, 116, 125, 128–30, 132–33, 136, 140, 148–49, 152–53, 159, 163, 198, 225, 243, 248

Law of Contradiction, 23, 28, 39, 42, 45. See also laws of reason

Laws of Freedom, 64

laws of reason, 13–14, 23, 41, 45, 58, 117, 269. See also Law of Contradiction

left, the, 8–10, 155, 173

legal realism, xv–xvi

Leo XIII (pope), 198

Lewis, C. S., 16, 20, 30–33, 213, 251

liberals, 2, 12–13, 15, 59, 217

liberty of contract, xvi

Lincoln, Abraham, xix, xxiv–xxv, 4–5, 7, 26–29, 43–45, 67–72, 77–78, 81, 83–84, 92–93, 117, 123, 161, 187, 199, 210, 234–35, 248, 251, 264–65, 267

Lochner v. New York, 52, 261

Locke v. Davey, 201–2

Locke, John, 95, 210

logical positivism, 131

Lori, William, 177

Loving v. Virginia, 76, 106, 259

M

Madison, James, xxiv, 175, 180, 187, 255

Maher v. Roe, 36

Man on the Street, 26, 28, 42, 46, 54, 241

marriage, 10–12, 15, 73–74, 76–79, 106–7, 151, 172, 190, 192, 201, 205, 259–60, 262–63. See also same-sex marriage and interracial marriage

Marshall, John, xix, 17–18, 23, 39–40, 88, 244

Masterpiece Cakeshop v.

Matal v. Tam, 157, 159, 162, 164

McCarthy, Margaret Harper, 15

McConnell, Mitch, 40

McLean, John, 199–200

Mencken, H. L., 51

Might Makes Right, 34, 37, 212, 214, 241

Mill, John Stuart, 47, 66

minimum wage, 52–53, 189, 261–62

Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada, 113

Moore, G. E., 32, 131

moral reasoning, xv, xvii, 12, 42, 58–59, 72, 176–77, 179, 182, 213, 216, 228, 260

moral truth, 2, 7, 9, 12–13, 17, 22, 36, 88, 178, 186, 226, 248, 266

Murphy, Frank, 126–27, 138, 152, 159, 167

Murray, John Courtney, 178

N

Nathan (biblical), 207–9

Nathanson, Bernard, 66

Natural Rights and the Right to Choose (Arkes), 7, 60, 199

natural rights, 5–7, 10, 27–28, 52, 60, 81–82, 85, 94–96, 174–76, 181, 247

Nazis, xxiii, 78, 119, 133, 141, 149, 160–61, 191, 199

Nebbia v. New York, 51

New Deal, 50–52, 143, 197, 261–63

Newman, John, 36

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 12, 199, 248, 266

Nixon, Richard, 210

Noonan, John, xix, 217

Novak, Michael, xix, 184

O

O’Connor, Sandra Day, 239

Obama, Barack, xxiv, 83, 179

Obamacare (Affordable Care Act), 84, 172, 177–79, 193–94

Obergefell v. Hodges, 11, 73

originalism, 14, 17, 19, 23, 187

P

Palko v. Connecticut, 257

Palmer v. Thompson, 105

Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District, 123

Patent and Trademark Office, 157–58, 163–64, 166–68

Patton v. United States, 49

Phelps, Fred, 155, 159

Phillips, Jack, 73–77, 79, 162, 190, 192, 200

Plato, 17, 79, 253

Plessy v. Ferguson, 107–8, 110, 114–15, 255–56, 261–62

Plessy, Homer, 108, 114–15

political speech, 85, 100, 131, 136, 140, 152, 190

positive law, xv–xvii, 175, 265

Powell, Lewis, 118–19, 121–22

price controls, 50–53

Pufendorf, Samuel, 8

R

R. A. V. v. St. Paul, 148

racial discrimination, 46, 76, 97–99, 102–3, 106–8, 111, 115, 118–19, 121, 123–24, 151, 192, 211, 267. See also discrimination

racial libel, 114

Ramsey, Paul, 217–18, 220

rational basis, 261–63

Reagan administration, 55, 57

reason, 12–14, 23–24, 26, 30–31, 40–41, 45, 47, 49, 58–59, 61, 63, 65, 78–79, 91, 117, 177, 182–86, 198, 215, 269

Rehnquist, William, 10, 46, 216, 222–23, 225–26, 261

Reid, Thomas, 19, 24–25, 28–29, 31–32, 46–47, 63–65, 86, 164–67, 269

religious belief, 75–76, 162, 181, 186–87, 189, 196–97, 200, 203, 219, 252

Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), 189, 197

religious freedom, 77, 162, 172, 174–80, 182, 186–88, 197, 200

Reno, R.

Republicans, 10, 12, 233–34, 245

revelation, 19, 43–44, 177, 182, 184–86

right to marriage, 11, 106–7

Roberts, John, 10, 77, 124, 155, 163, 202–3

Robinson, Daniel, xix, 19, 24, 37, 60, 67, 73–74, 89

Roe v. Wade, 172, 216–18, 221–22, 226, 228–29, 233–43, 245, 249, 255–56, 259–60, 262–63, 268–69

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 262

Rosenfeld, David, 127–28

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 34–35, 37, 212–14

Ryle, Gilbert, 61

S

same-sex marriage, 10, 73–74, 76–79, 162, 172, 190–93, 201, 204. See also marriage

Scalia, Antonin, 11–14, 22–23, 52, 75, 88, 141, 148–52, 155, 169, 201–2, 226, 248, 261,

Schall, James, xix, 185

Schenck v. United States, 146–47

Schumer, Chuck, 40

Sedgwick, Theodore, 82, 84–85

segregation, 103–5, 108, 110, 113, 131, 234, 255, 261

self-incrimination, 257–58

sexual orientation, 14, 16, 73, 192–93

Sixth Amendment, 48, 257

Skinner v. Oklahoma, 259–60

slavery, 6, 28, 67–71, 77–78, 123, 160, 176, 200, 208, 264–65, 267

Smith, Gerald L. K., 139, 143–44

Snyder v. Phelps, 159

Sotomayor, 163–66

speech, 9, 32, 74–77, 85, 88, 100, 125–27, 131, 135–41, 146, 148, 150–55, 157–62, 168–69, 173, 186, 190

Spinoza, Baruch de, 8

State of Nature, 81

Stephens, Anthony, 15

Stewart, Potter, 108, 229–30

Stoppard, Tom, 1, 20

Strauss, Leo, 138

Sutherland, George, 49–54, 256–57

Sykes, Diane, 196–97

T

Terminiello v. Chicago, 139, 141, 146–48, 152–54

Terminiello, Arthur, 139–43, 145–48

textualism, 14, 16, 23

Thirteenth Amendment, 95, 176

Thomas, Clarence, 11

Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 239

Town of Greece v. Galloway, 188

trademarks, 157–58, 163–64, 166, 168

transgenderism, 9–10, 14–15, 100, 191, 204

Trinity Lutheran Church v. Comer, 202–3

Trumbull, Lyman, 15, 260

U

U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, 177

unalienable rights, 5, 92, 175, 187, 265

United States v. Vuitch, 230

V

value judgment, 12, 219, 248–51, 254, 256, 266

viability, 237–41, 247, 268

Vitoria, Francisco de, 8

W

Warren, Earl, 10, 106–8

Washington, George, xxv, 174–75

Waxman, Seth, 125–28, 136

Weber, Max, 12, 248

Wertheimer, Roger, 248

Wilson, James, xix, 6–7, 10, 18–19, 23, 31, 45–46, 50, 64–65, 81, 88, 92, 94–95, 164, 215, 247, 258

Winter, Ralph, 56–57