The definition of violence
Violence is crucial in my investigation on the constitutional foundations. But what do I understand “violence” to be? Violence is used in my analysis as an essential category and is not handled as a metaphor but as a fact.
I may here mention the distinguishing between different notions of violence provided by Zizek when he recognizes in the first term a “subjective violence” (a direct and visible violence), in the second term a “symbolical violence” (related to the language), and in a third term an “objective violence” [what Zizek calls “systemic” violence which is, according to him, inherent to our political and economic orders (Zizek, 2008, pp. 1-2)]. The violence to which I refer in these inquires on the constituent power is straightforwardly the one referred to by Zizek as the “subjective violence:” direct, rough, and undisguised violence. What makes measurable my discourse on the involvement of violence in the emergence of a constitutional system is the strict limitation of this phenomenon to physical force and, still more particularly (and thus more defined and able to be counted) to the physical force that has a death as a result. It is in that sense that my exploration on the ontology of violence does not allude to an abstraction or to a comprehensive assessment of a social system (as Zizek is likely to do when he defines his notion of “systemic” violence) but to the concrete death of a human being. Death, political death, is the essential category in which the struggle of the forces for domination may be identified and is, in that way, the material root of further ideal constructions, as a constitution, from which the mortal fight is a reverberation. Maybe it would not be accurate to talk about analysis on the constituent power from the ontological perspective, as long as it would be defined as the science of being. I’m rather setting up, in a kind of Heideggerian or Sartrian turn, a study grounded on the extinction of the being, on the elimination of those who were human beings and are not anymore, an analysis on “the nothing.” However, a killing is something, the deaths are real, not an illusion or a narrative but a specific event in the physical world inhabited by humans.
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