Inde

a priori, 82

abortion, 109, 119

Academy, 24

Acton, 45

ad hoc theory, 51, 76

aesthetics, 7, 126, 129

Age of Reason, 9

Akzin B., 33 anarchism, 102, 113 animal rights, 107, 116 appearance, 20, 22 Aristotle, 9, 16, 136 art

modern, 143 non-beautiful, 134 postmodern, 143 association, 18 ataraxia, 24 atheism, 79 atomism, 5 average faces, 139 axioms, 12 Ayer A.

Bacon F., 16, 18, 25, 27, 30, 67, 78, 79,

81

basic elements, 8

beauty, 129

belief, 56, 60, 133

degree of, 71

Bentham B., 103

Bergson H., 140

Bible, 16, 17

biology, 3

Bohr N., 88

Borges J. L., 116

Borgiba H., 118

Bosch B., 129

Boyle R., 56 brain in a vat, 26

Breughel P., 129

Camus A., 148

Cantor G., 43

capital punishment, 27 categorical imperative, 106 catharsis, 136

Catholic Church, 5, 15, 17 causality, 18, 20 certainty, 32, 35, 127 chaos, 132

chemistry, 3

child abuse, 110

Chinese astronomers, 5

Church, 5, 15, 17

citizens’ rights, 117 clarity, 4

classification, 50, 83 cogito, 17

cognitive dissonance, 30 collectivism, 89, 147

Comet-4, 33 commonsense, 26, 27, 33, 54, 83 composition, 134 confirmation, paradox of, 49 consequences, ethic of, 102 conservatism, 118, 119 contemplation, 11 contractarianism, 112, 116 contradiction, 41, 63

convincing, 83

style='font-size:7.5pt'>Copernicus, 5, 6, 14, 16 corroboration, 32, 35, 49 criminals, 97 criticism, 56, 67 crucial experiment, 80

Darwin, 61, 91, 102, 114

Defoe D., 26 deism, 17 deja vu effect, 138 ^democracy^, 7^, 34^, 94^, 95^{, 10}3^{, 11}3^{, 1}23^,

¹47

Democritus, 9 Descartes, 15, 17, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28,

42      devil, 17 dictatorship, 123 diminishing marginal utility, 118 divinity, 124

dogmatic sciences, 3 Dostoevsky, 137 drug abuse, 97, 99 Duchamp, 132 Duhem P., 77

education, 96 EinsteinA., xii, 3, 13, 31, 34, 43, 45, 66,

73, 77, 121, 122 elements, 8 empirical observations, 35, 46 empiricism, 14, 18, 45, 57, 63, 64, 75 EnlightenmentMovement, 9, 17, 30 ^ep^{size=1>istemolo}gy^, 9^, 11, 32^, 55^, 75^{, 86, 11}3^,

114, 127, 147

contemporary, 36 Erasmus, 25 error avoidance, 9, 10, 24, 34, 54, 67,

¹45 Escher, 138 ethics, 86, 113, 114, 127 Euclideangeometry, 12, 13, 20, 42,

43

EuropeanUnion, 121, 122 evidence, 27 evil spirit hypothesis, 25 evolution, 56, 60, 61, 91, 114 ex cathedra, 68 existentialism, 148 extrapolation, 52 fallibilism, 11, 31, 34, 37

Feyerabend P., 79

Fisher R., 71

Franklin B., 5, 26

free enterprise, 119, 120

free market, 100

free trade, 120

Frege G., 43

French Revolution, 30

Freud, 62, 91, 131, size=1>136 fundamentalism, 123

Galileo, 5, 6, 15, 16

Galton F., 139

game theory, 101

geometry, 12

German metaphysics, 30 globalization, 109, 120

^God, ¹7^{, 1}9^, 2^o, 27^, 35^, 79 golden section, 131, 135

GombrichE., 133, 139, 140 GoodmanN., 47, 48, 51, 64, 66, 71 government, 114

Greece, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 35

harmony, 29, 131

Hebbel, 88

^Heg^el 29, 30, 35,

39^, 42^, 45^, 4^6, 4^8, 49^, 5^{6, 6}4^{, 68,} 92^,

101, 104, 105, 108, 115, 119, 140, 146

humor, 140

idealism, 79

ignorance, 24

immediate experience, 28 imperialism, 10 impressionism, 128

inaction, 39

incongruity theory, 140

India, 60 individualism, 89, 146

induction, 18, 28, 35, 38, 46

paradoxes of, 47 intellectualism, 14 intentions, ethic of, 102 irrationalism, 30

James W., 56

Jarvie I.

Kahneman D., 62

Kant, 102, 103

Kant I., xii, 14, 17, 19, 20, 28, 29, 35, 42,

43, 45, 46, 103, 106, 107, 130, 140 Keynes J. M., 53, 104 Kipling R., 10 kitsch, 131 knowledge, 6, 9, 11, 20, 24 Koenigs M., 92 Kohlberg L., 90 Kropotkin P., 102 Kuhn T., 29, 79

Lacan J., 91

Lagrange, 29

Laing R., 26

Lakatos I., 44, 79

Laor N., 83

Laplace, 29

Lavoisier, 52

laws of evidence, 32

Leibniz G., 42

Levin B., 83

Levi-Strauss C., 144

Lewis C., 19 liberalism, 34, 101 liberation movement, 4 ^LockeJ., ¹4^, 39^, 4^{6 lo}g^ic, 3^6, 39^, 42^{, 6}4 logical positivism, 20 logicism, 43 Lustig, 88 Luther, 25

Mach E., 77

Machiavelli, 8

magic show, 67

Maimon S., 20

Maimonides M., xi

Malinowski B., 91

Marx G., 136

Marxism, lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height:107%'>6, 63, 100 materialism, 79 mathematics, 24, 36, 39, 42

Matrix movies, 19 meaning of life, 147 medicine, 3

Meidan A., 83

MeldrumA. N., 29

mental illness, 3 metaphysics, 20, 21, 28, 30 methodical skepticism, 25

Middle Ages, 2, 8, 15

Moalem S., 62

moderate skepticism, 6, 28 modern art, 143

Momigliano A., 56

monarchism, 118, 120 monopoly, 98

Montaigne M., 25

Moore G.

morality, 7

Mother Nature, 27, 31 murder, 99 music, 138

mysticism, 4

nation-state, 121

natural classification, 50

natural selection, 91, 114

Nazism, 116

neo-classical (Chicago) school of economics, 100, 104

size=1 color=black face="Book Antiqua">neurosis, 62

Newton, 20, 29, 42, 44, 65, 66, 73, 77 nihilism, 87, 126, 127, 137 non-beautiful art, 134

obscure language, 4

Occam’s razor, 52, 79

Oedipal conflict, 91

ontological proof, 17

order, 132

Orwell, 63

Orwell G., 56

paradigm, 12

parallel axiom, 13

Pasteur L., 3 Peirce C., ¿¿, 37, 56 perception, 31, 46 perspectives, 133 philosophy

as confusion, 27 definition of, 1, 7, 11 vs. science, 3 phlogiston, 52, 65 physics, 3, 10, 29 ^Piag^etJ., 9⁰ Plato, 9, 12, 15, 24, 108, 145 plausibility, 32, 35, 127 degree of, 37 pleasure, 134 pluralism, 120 political philosophy, 112, 127 politics, size=1>7 Pope, 68 Popper, 34, 74, 79, 80, 103 Popper K., viii, xi, 6, 21, 31, 34, 37, 41,

44^, 49^, 53^{, 66, 68,} 79^{, 81}, ⁸9^{, 1o}4^, 108, 113, 118, 146, 148 positivism, 30 postmodern art, 143 post-modernism, 31 practical implications, 5, 6, 57, 83, 117,

145    prediction, 83

predictions vs.

90, 107, 114, 115, 128, 130, 141,

146    psychopathology, 3 psychophysics, 46 punishment, 87, 89, 91, 96, 97, 102 ^Py^rrho, 24^, 27^, 2^8, 29^, 3^o, 34^, 3^8, 39^, 54^,

55 Pythagoras, 135

Q^uine W., 39^, 43^, 44^{, 6}3^{, 6}4

radicalism, 118 RapoportA., 101 rationalism, 14, 27, 30 rationality, 34, 62, 128 reactionary, 118 reality, 27 reformism, 118 refutable ideas, 58 regression, 12 relativism, 31, 142 ^relig^ion, 25^, 3^o, 35 Rembrandt, 134 Renaissance, 8, 133 repeated experience, 136 rightness, 87 rights, 117

Russell B., viii, xi, 4, 10, 17, 21, 26, 43, 48, 50, 121, 122

sacrifice, 105 SartreJ. P., 148 Saskia, 135 Schiller, 130 Schopenhauer, 140 ^science, 7^, 25^, 27^, 2^8, 3^o, 3¹, 34^, 35 progress of, 56

self-flagellism, 111 sense data, 15, 18 Sextus Empiricus, 24, 27 sexual freedom, 109 Shahar E., 34 Shaw B., 132 shoplifting, 96 Shute N., 33 simplicity, 38, 41, 51, 78 skepticism, 13, 15, 19, 24, 30 arguments for, 45 lang=EN-US>in aesthetics, 126 in ethics, 86

in political philosophy, 112 limited, 39 methodological, 25 moderate, 6, 28 radical, 32, 145

slavery, 107

Smith A., 101, 146 social disorder, 115, 118, 122 social justice, 114 social pressure, 96 social sciences, 84 social stability, 106 socialism, 119, 120

Socrates, xii, ι, 7, 24

solipsism, 25 SomersetMaughamW., 137 SontagS., 142 soul, 22

sovereignty, 112

speculation, 27, 30

Spenser, 102

SpinozaB., 17, 20, 56, 101

stability of society, 103, 106

Stahl, 52

substance, 16

suffering, 92, 107, 108, 115, 118,

¹¹9

superiority theory, 140 surprise, 63, 69 suspension of beliefs, 28 suspension of judgment, 24 symmetry, 130, 131 sympathy, 92, 102, 106, 107, 109, 115, 117, 119, 120, 121, 141

Talmon J., 94

Talmud, 108

Tarski A., 42

tautology, 18, 41

technology, 7, 119

theft, 96

theology, 2, 19

theorems, 12 things-in-themselves, 20 tradition, 6, 10, 15, 31, 81 traffic violations, 99

tragedy, 136

truth, 27, 127

truth in advertising, 100

truth vs.

Twain M., 57

unexpectedness, 69, 81, 83, 132, 133, 134, 136, 141

United States Supreme Court, 33 unity of humanity, 7 utilitarianism, 104, 107, 116 utility, 94 utopia, 113, 122

Venturi R., 143

war, 99

style='font-size:7.5pt;line-height:107%'>Watkins J., 94

welfare, 92, 93, 94, 108, 109, 115, 116,

117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123 Welles H. G., 29 Wettersten J. R., 55 Whewell W., 30 whistle blowing, 98

Wittgenstein L., viii, 26, 27, 40, 68 WizWhy, 83

world government, 121 wrongness, 87

Young L., 92