Contents

Abstract 1544

Keywords 1544

1. Factsandempiricalevidence 1547

1.1. The size distribution of cities and its evolution 1548

1.1.1. Whatisacity? 1548

1.1.2. Evolutionofthesizedistribution 1549

1.1.3.

1.1.4. ZipfsLaw 1553

1.2. Geographic concentration and urban specialization 1554

1.2.1. Urban specialization 1555

1.2.2. Geographicconcentration 1556

1.2.3. Geography 1558

1.3. Urbanization in developing countries 1558

1.3.1. Issues concerning overall urbanization 1559

1.3.2. The form of urbanization: the degree of spatial concentration 1560

2. Cities and growth 1564

2.1. The systems of cities at a point in time 1565

2.1.1. Equilibrium city sizes 1566

2.1.2. Other city types 1569

2.1.3. Replicability and national policy 1571

2.2. Growth in a system of cities 1571

2.2.1. Growth properties: cities 1572

2.2.2. Growth properties: economy 1573

2.3. Extensions 1573

2.3.1. Different types of workers 1573

2.3.2. Metro areas 1574

2.3.3. StochasticprocessandZipfsLaw 1576

3. Urbanization and growth 1577

3.1. Two sector approaches, without cities 1577

Handbook of Economic Growth, Volume 1B. Edited by Philippe Aghion and Steven N. Durlauf © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

DOI: 10.1016∕S1574-0684(05)01024-5

3.2. Urbanizationwithcities 1579

3.2.1. Human capital market, migration, savings 1580

3.2.2. Urbangrowthandtransformation 1581

3.2.3. Economic growth 1582

3.3. Extensions and policy issues 1582

3.3.1. City sizes 1583

3.3.2. Sequential city formation and governance 1585

4. Some issues for a research agenda 1586

Acknowledgement 1587

References 1587