List of Abbreviations

AAOIFI The Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions

ACH                  Automated Clearing House

ASYCUDA UNCTAD's Automated System for Customs Data

BAFT                Bankers Association for Finance and Trade

BBL                   Bolero Bill of Lading

BCMP               Bolero Core Messaging Platform

BEA                  Bills of Exchange Act 1882 (UK)

BiTA                  Blockchain in Transport Alliance

Bolero                Bill of Lading Electronic Registry Organization

BPAs                 Banking Practice Agreements

BPO                   bank payment obligation

DHS                  Department of Homeland Security

DLPC                Distributed Ledger Payment Commitment

DLT                   distributed-ledger technologies

DOCDEX Documentary Instruments Dispute Resolution Expertise

DPC                   Deferred Payment Credit

DPU                  Deferred Payment Undertaking

ECCHO             Electronic Check Clearing House Organization

ECJ                    European Court of Justice

EFT                    electronic funds transfer

EPO                   Electronic Payment Order

eUCP                 Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits for Electronic Presentation

FATF                 Financial Action Task Force

GFC                   Global Financial Crisis

GSCFF              Global Supply Chain Finance Forum

GTM                  global trade management

ICC                    International Chamber of Commerce

IGP&I               International Group of Protection and Indemnity Clubs

IMF                   International Monetary Fund

ISBP                  International Standard Banking Practices

ISP98                 International Standby Practices

ITDS                  International Trade Data System

LC                     letter of credit

size=1 color=black face="Times New Roman">LEC                   UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce

LETR                 UNCITRAL's Mo del Law on Electronic Transferable Records

MENA Middle East and North Africa region

ML-EC UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce

ML-ETR Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records

NACHA            National Automated Clearing House Association

OIC                   Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

SaaS                   software as a service

SCF                   Supply Chain Finance

SMEs                 small- and medium-sized enterprises

SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication TBML                trade-based money laundering

TSMT                 ISO 20022 Trade Services Management

TSU                   SWIFTNet Trade Services Utility

UCP                   Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits

UCTA                Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977

UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade Law

UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

URBPO Uniform Rules on Bank Payment Obligations

URDG The Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees

URF 800            Uniform Rules for Forfaiting

WCO                 World Customs Organisation

WTO TFA         World Trade Organisation Trade Facilitation Agreement