Index

Note: Page numbers in bold refer to tables

abuse of process see submissions of no case

to answer and summary judgment accomplices 48 acknowledgement of service 218, 272 acquittals 179 active listening 35, 118 actus reus 56-57 additional claims 64, 273 addressing a judge see mode of address adjournment 101, 190-191, 250-251, 256 admissibility 42, 44-45, 58, 107, 120, 147, 203; excluding evidence 209-214; in criminal proceedings 161-169, 173-176, 178-186; table of rules of admissibility 170-173, 177 admissions 171, 213-214 advance disclosure see disclosure advice to clients 35-36, 59, 84-87, 119, 133-135, 147-150, 152-153 advocates 4, 9, 16-17, 20, 25-27, 79-80, 88-89, 93-107, 117-150 affidavits 65, 215 aggravated damages 66 aggravating factors 23, 249-250; in criminal case study 262-265 alibi 66 allocation 273, 274; by track 64-65,

67-68, 254 alternative dispute resolution 36, 60, 65 appeals 162, 239-259; and case study

261-265

arrest 91, 121, 166, 185-186, 188; codes of PACE 162

bad character 107, 162, 169, 175-176, 177, 178-181, 246

bail 91, 130, 131, 251, 257, 259, 272; and criminal case study 181, 291-203 barristers 7, 19, 25-27, 89, 126 bias 41, 102-103, 118, 145-146, 245 burden of proof 43-44, 173, 185, 239-242, 246, 248, 259-260 capacity see mental capacity

case management conferences 65, 141, 186 case management powers 44, 45, 59, 65-66, 141-142, 146, 186, 259, 272

case strategy 55-60

case studies see criminal case study and civil case study

character evidence: and reputation 171; see also bad character and good character

children 91, 105, 120-121, 140-141, 219, 250, 275, 278

circumstantial evidence 239, 241-242 citations 50

civil case study 217-236

Civil Justice Council 306

civil practice direction 50, 64-65, 69-70, 80, 88, 92, 109, 130, 131-132, 142, 215, 255; in table of procedural rules, Appendix A 272-275

Civil Procedure Rules 3, 6, 272-275

claim form 66, 79, 131

classification of offences 59, 95, 137-138 client care 10, 117-124

codes of conduct 7, 18-20

codes of practice: PACE 162; Code A, PACE 163; Code B, PACE 163; Code C, PACE 164, 166, 184, 186, 246, 279; Code D, PACE 166, 186, 260-261, 279; Code E, PACE 166, 279

commencing proceedings 79

committal 59, 109, 259

communication 19, 60, 77-93 community sentence 251 compensatory damages 66 competence and compellability

104-105, 278

complaints 18, 84, 123-124; as evidence 211

compromise: and SRA Principles 9, 18-19; see also settlement

confessions 43, 58, 135, 162-163, 165-168, 279; as hearsay 169, 171

confidentiality 18, 124, 150; McKenzie Friend and 149; privilege and 133-135 conflicts of interest 10, 13; and McKenzie Friends 149

contemptuous damages 67 contributory negligence 44, 248 court etiquette 89-91, 97, 127-128 court dress 91

Court of Appeal 50, 90, 126, 136, 239, 255-259

costs 67-70, 55, 58, 191, 252-253, 275; and client care 119; as sanctions 23; interest on 23; Part 36 Offers and 62-63; summary assessment of 216; wasted costs 21, 129, 131

costs schedules 67

County Court 64, 66, 90, 91, 126, 136-138, 252, 255-256

criminal case study 187-205

Criminal Cases Review Commission 258 criminal damage 194

criminal practice direction 49, 50, 79, 88, 90, 91, 121, 123, 132, 140, 180, 246, 283; on citing cases 49-50

Criminal Procedure Rules 3, 6, 272-275 cross examination 102

Crown Court 39-40, 55, 59, 90, 95, 120, 121, 126, 127, 135, 137, 139, 259; in criminal case study 187-235; and pre-Trial applications 186-187

custodial sentence see sentence

damages 66-67

declaration of incompatibility 55 declaration of truth 147

default judgments 215-216; in civil case study 219-226

defence 43, 57, 80, 83, 163 defence statement 40, 65-66 diminished responsibility 43, 48 directions 45, 95, 106, 128, 142, 144-145, 146, 182-183, 215

disciplinary 19, 20-23, 129

disclosure 39-45, 85-86, 244, 273-274; in case study (civil) 197-203; in case study (criminal) 197-205; civil disclosure 210, 217; criminal disclosure 171 discontinuance 274

dishonesty 12-15, 23, 181 dispute resolution see alternative dispute resolution

diversity see equality diversity and inclusion documentary evidence 45, 95, 165, 168, 175, 209, 244

double jeopardy 254

drafting documents 65, 79-83, 109 duties to the court 10, 19, 152-153 enforcement of judgments 252, 275 Enforcement Strategy see SRA Enforcement

Strategy entrapment 164-165 equality, diversity and inclusion 9, 117-118 ethics 8-10, 18, 19-20 evidence 4, 18-19, 22, 39, 41, 42, 43-45,

48, 57-59, 88-89, 95, 99-100, 101-104, 187, 209, 211; and admissibility 161, 162; character evidence 175-176, 177, 178-183; children 105; competence and compellability 140-141; confessions 165, 168; credibility, witness 107; duties to the court 128; exclusion 162, 169, 170-172, 177; experts 145-147; fitness to plead 122; hearsay 168-169, 173-175; improperly obtained 162-165; and jury 139-40; and oaths 138; and privilege 133-135; and protected witnesses 106; and public interest immunity 133-135; and silence as evidence 183, 185-186 and vulnerable witness 120, 142, 144-145 examination-in-chief 42, 94, 102 exclusion of evidence see evidence experts 20, 65, 145-147, 274, 280 extensions of time 66, 131-133

fair trial 55, 121, 138, 144, 163 fast track 64, 67, 274 fixed costs 67, 275 forms 67 freezing injunctions 17 further information 40, 83, 273 general damages 67, 82 general defences see defences good character 171, 181-183, 247 Green Book 49 golden rule 53 guilty pleas 58-59, 60, 95, 137, 139, 187 hearsay 42, 44, 106, 145, 168 - 169, 170­172, 173-175, 212; in criminal case study 203-205

High Court 4, 22, 64, 66, 90, 91, 126, 136, 139, 149

honesty 9-10, 12-13 hospital order 123 hourly rate 306 human rights 50, 51, 54-55, 64, 92, 117,

120-121, 130, 136; and covert surveillance 163; and improperly obtained evidence 210; and juries 138-139

identification evidence 166, 248,

260-261, 279 immunity from suit 25-27

incapacity see mental capacity inchoate offences 179

indemnity basis 63, 68, 252 indictment 83

injunction 17, 57, 65, 66, 118, 215; and common law test 48

insanity as a defence 122-123 inspection of documents 40, 210 instructions 116, 117, 119, 120, 124 integrity 9, 13-15

interest on sums 22, 63, 66, 81-82 interim applications 65, 89, 91, 215-216; in civil case study 217-236; in criminal case study 187-205

interim hearings 45, 65, 67, 79, 80, 89, 126, 215-216

interim payments 57, 215; in civil case study 230-235

judges 4, 66, 89-90, 117, 126, 128, 136-138, 148, 186, 245-246, 246-248; deciding cases 47-48; and discretionary warnings 247; excluding evidence 162, 166-167, 169, 170-172, 182-183, 203, 210, 211; and judicial discretion 44, 58, 59, 68, 122, 133, 135, 162, 214, 251, 254; and sentencing 249-252; statutory interpretation 51-55; verdicts and judgments 248-249

judicial review 64, 65, 215, 255, 257, 258 jurisdiction 64-65, 129, 131, 135, 136, 137-138, 144, 145, 252

jury 39, 138, 122, 128, 138-140; and diminished responsibility direction 48; and ‘Sure Test' direction 43

juveniles 120-121

Knowledge Revealed 281-314; in chapter 1 Exercises 283-284; in chapter 2 Exercises 285-286; in chapter 3 Exercises 285; in chapter 4 Exercises 289-290; in chapter 5 Exercises 291-299; in chapter 6 Exercises 301-308; in chapter 7 Exercises 309-314

leading questions 102, 105, 142 legal advice privilege see privilege

Legal Ombudsman 123, 124

legal professional privilege see privilege legal research 33-34, 36, 39, 46-55 lies 181, 247, 280

limitation periods 132-133 literal rule 52, 54

Litigants-in-Person 147-150 litigation privilege see privilege low value road traffic claims 67

Magistrates' Court 40, 56, 64, 66, 90, 95, 121, 122, 126, 130-131, 137-138, 187; and appeals 257-259

manslaughter 43

McKenzie Friend 147-150

mens rea 56-57, 59 mental capacity 120, 121-122, 123, 144, 184 mischief rule 52, 53 misconduct 19, 20-23

mitigating factors 23, 60, 249, 250, 262 mode of address 89-91

multiple-choice tests 28-29, 72, 111, 155-156 multi-track 65, 68, 274

murder 41-43

N161 form 254 N244 form 79, 215 negotiation 59-63

Newton Hearing 249 note-taking 35, 88-89 notice to admit facts 213-214

offences against the person 56-57 oral evidence 42, 45, 65, 95, 105, 122, 168,

170, 172, 174, 212, 239; and hearsay warning 248

overriding objective 21-22, 34, 66, 68, 128, 129-130

Part 7 Claims 55, 131, 272

Part 8 Claims 55, 272

Part 18 see Request for Further Information

Part 20 273

Part 36 274 partial defences 241 particulars of claim 66, 79-83, 131 personal injury claims 44, 62, 64, 65, 67, 80-83, 132-133

plea and trial preparation hearing 186-187 plea before venue 59, 186

Practice Direction on pre-action conduct see pre-action protocols

pre-action protocols 65, 217, 255, 272 precedents 79, 135

prejudice 124, 169, 186, 214, 248 preparation of case 35, 36-68 pre-sentence reports 250 privilege 40, 88, 133-135, 186-187, 210,

214, 278 privilege against self-incrimination

186-187, 214-215 problem scenarios 27-28, 71-72, 110-111, 155-156

professional conduct 7-23 professionalism 8-10 proportionality of costs 68 protected parties 123, 219, 275

protected witnesses 106 provisional damages 67 public interest immunity 133-135, 278 public trust and confidence 9, 10-12, 18 purposive rule 52, 53-55

qualified one-way cost shifting 253 questioning 35, 38, 93-95, 101-107

real evidence 45 recording evidence 144, 166 re-examination 101, 103 regulation 5, 7, 9, 12, 21, 22-23 remedies 17, 51, 57, 66, 230 reply to defence 83, 191, 273 Request for Further Information 273 Response, Letter of 65 Response Pack 226 rights of audience 125-127

sanctions 22-23, 130-131, 212, 217 sentencing 55, 58-60, 104, 127, 130, 249-252;

in criminal case study 262-267 Sentencing Code 51, 59, 24 sentencing guidelines 59, 121, 249, 251-252;

in criminal case study 262-265 seriousness of breach 22-23, 166 seriousness of offence 55, 137, 191, 250, 262 service of proceedings 66, 80, 131; and address for service 83

setting aside default judgment see default judgment

settlement 36, 56, 60-63 silence as evidence 58, 104, 183-186,

246,280

single joint experts see experts skeleton arguments 79, 109, 234-235 small claims track 64

Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal 10, 21-23 Solicitors Qualifying Examination 3 special damages 67, 82, 222 special measures 95, 123, 142-145, 173,

248, 259, 278

specific disclosure 40, 197 speeches 244

SRA Code of Conduct for Solicitors 18-19 SRA Enforcement Strategy 22

SRA Principles 9-15

SRA Standards and Regulations 9-10

SRA Statement of Solicitor Competence 4,

7, 16-17

standard basis of costs 68, 252 standard disclosure 40 standard of proof 21-22, 43-44, 95, 167, 179-180, 239-243, 246, 259-260

Statements of Case 64, 79-83

statements of truth 82-83, 147, 222 statutory interpretation 51-55 stay of proceedings 164-165, 248; stay and

Part 36 offers 62

Striking off the Roll 22

striking out a claim 131, 133

submission of no case to answer 243 summary assessment of costs 67, 216,

217, 252

summary judgment 46, 100; in civil case study 227-230

summing-up by trial judge 173, 176, 181, 240, 245-246, 246-248

Supreme Court 3, 49, 50, 90, -6, 136 Synopsis Case 48

technology 17, 92-93

theft 47-48, 179; in criminal case study 194 time limits 58, 66, 130-133

transcripts 88; interview transcripts 166 transfer of proceedings 137, 252, 273 trial 101-107, 239-245; trial case studies

261-267

trial bundles 37, 92, 99, 217, 244

Turnbull guidance 248, 260-261

undertakings 128-129

unfairly obtained evidence 162-165, 210 unless orders 133

video-link evidence 144

voir dire 44, 162-163, 167

vulnerable witnesses 91, 95, 101, 105, 106, 120, 142-144

wasted costs order 21, 67, 69-70, 129, 131, 253, 293

weight of evidence 45, 59

White Book 49

without prejudice communications 133 witness statements 44, 64, 65-66, 83, 133,

168, 170, 173-175

witness summons 140-141

witnesses 44, 91, 93-95, 101-103, 105-107, 140-145

writing emails 87-88, 133

writing letters 84-87

Youth Courts 55, 91, 120-122, 128, 141, 250-252