Sources and Acknowledgments

Aristotle

From Metaphysics, book 7, and On the Soul, book 2

From W. D. Ross, ed., The Oxford Aristotle, vol 8 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1928), by permission Ofthepublisher.

ThomasHobbes

OfSense

From Leoiathan, ed. Oakeshott (New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1962), by permission of the publisher.

Ren⅛ Descartes

From Meditations ∏ and VI and from Reply to Objections II

From Haldane and Ross, eds., The Philosophical Works of Descartes (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1911).

George Berkeley

From The Principles of Human Knowledge

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John Stuart Mill

Of the Laws of Mind

From The System of Logic, 8th edition (London, 1872).

Gilbert Ryle

Descartes' Myth

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U. T. Place

Is Consciousness a Brain Process?

From the British JoumalofPsychology (1956), by permission of the author and the British Psychdogical Society.

SaulKripke

From "Identity and Necessity"

From Milton Munitz, ed., Identity and Indioiduation (New York: New York University Press, 1971), by permission of the author.

NoamChomsky

From Language and Problems o∙f Knowledge (Cambridge, MA: MTT Press, 1988), by permission of the author and publisher.

HilaryPutnam

The Nature of Mental States

Published as 'Tsychoiogical Predicates" in W. H. Capitan and D. D. MenilL eds.. Art, Mind and Religion (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1967), by permission of the author and publisher.

Patrida Churdiland

Reductionism and Antireductionism in Functionalist Theories of Mind

From Neurophilosophy (Cambridge, MA: MTT Press, 1986), by permission of the author and publisher.

NedBlock

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Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1978), by permission of the author and (Miblisher. This version has been significantly revised by the author.

HilaryPutnam

Philosophy and Our Mental Life

From Mind, Language, and Reality, volume 2 of Putnam's Philosophical Papers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975), by permission of the author and publisher.

Plato

From ThePhaedo

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ReniDescartes

From Passions of the Soul

From The Philosophical Works of Descartes, trans. Haldane and Ross (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1911).

NicolasMalebranche

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From The Search after Truth, trans. Thomas Lennon and Paul Olscamp (Cohimbus: Ohio State University Press, 1980), by permission of the publisher.

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Donald Davidson

Mental Events

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Jerry A Fodor

Making Mind Matter More

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ThomasAquinas

That the Sreil Never Thinks without an Image

From Summa Theologica, vol 12 (New York: Blackfriars, McGraw-HilL 1968), by permission of the publisher. ThomasHobbes

OfImagination

From Leviathan, ed. Oakeshott (New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1962), by permission of the publisher.

Rene Descartes

From Meditation Vl and from (Ejection IV and Reply

From Haldane and Ross, eds., The Philosophical Works of Descartes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911).

David Hume

Of the Ideas of the Memory and Imagination

From A Treatise of Human Nature, ed. L A Selby-Bigge (Oxford University Press, 1888). (Original publica­tion: London, 1739).

WilliamJames Imagination From The Principlesof Psychology, vol 2 (New Yoric Henry Holt, 1890).

Oswald Kulpe

The Mcxiem Psychology of Thinking

Originally given as a Iechire in Beriia 1912. Translation by G. Mandler and J. Mandler from Thinking: From Association to Gestalt (New York: Wiley, 1964), by permission of the translators and the publisher.

John Watson

Image and Affection in Behavior

From The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, vol. 10, no. 16 (1913), pp. 421-424.

Gilbert Ryle

"The Theory of Special Status Pictures" and "Imagining"

From The Concept of Mind (New York: Harper CoIlins Publishers, 1949), by permission of the publisher.

Daniel Dennett

The Nature of Images and the Introspective Trap

From Content and Consciousness (London: Routledge and Kegan PauL 1969), by permission of the author and publisher.

Roger Shepard and Jacqueline Metzler

Mental Rotation of Three-Dimensional Objects

From Science, vol. 171(1971), pp. 701-703, by permission of the authors and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Stephen Kosslyn

Scanning Visual Mental Images: The First Phase of the Debate

From Daniel Oshersoa Stephen Kosslya and John Hollerbach, eds., Visual Cognition and Action, volume 2 of An Inoitation to Cognitioe Science (Cambridge, MA: MTT Press, 1990), by permission of the author and publisher.

Zenon W. Pylyshyn

Tadt Knowledge and "Mental Scanning"

From Computation and Cognition (Cambridge, MA* MTT Press, 1984), by permission of the publisher.

Stephen Kosslyn

Demand Characteristics?: The Second Phase of the Debate

From Daniel Oshersoa Stephen Kosslya and John Hollerbadi, eds., Visιω∕ Cognition and Action, volume 2 of An Inoitation to Cognitive Science (Cambridge, MA MIT Press, 1990), by permission of the author and publisher.

Thomas Hobbes

Of the Consequence or Train of Imaginations

From Leoiathan, ed. Oakeshotf (New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1962), by permission of the publisher.

JohnLodce

Of the Association of Ideas

From An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, fifth edition (Londoα 1706).

David Hume

Of the Connection or Association of Ideas

From A Treatise of Human Nature, ed. L A Selby-Bigge (Oxford University Press, 1888) (Original publica­tion: Londoa 1739).

John Stuart Mill

The Prindpal Investigations of Psychology Characterised

From A System of Logic, vol 2, book, 6 (Londoα 1843).

WilliamJames

The Elementary Law of Association

From The Principles of Psychology, vol. 2 (New Yoric Henry Holt, 1890).

James L. McClelland, David E. Rumelhart, and Geoffrey E. Hinton

The Appeal of Parallel Distributed Processing

From James L Rumelhart, David E. McClelland, and the PDP Research Group, Parallel Distributed Processing:

Explorations in the Microstructun of Cognition, vol. 1 (Cambridge, MA MIT Press, 1986), by permission of the authors and publisher.

Jerry A Fodor and Zenon W. Pylyshyn Cdnnectionism and Cognitive Ardutecture: A Critical Analysis

Frcwn Cognition, vol 20 (1988), by permission of the authors and Elsevier Sdence Publishers.

Paul Smolensky

The Constituent Structure of Connectionist Mental States: A Reply to Fodor and Pylyshyn Frcwn The Southern Journal of Philosophy, vol 26 supp. (1987), by permission of the journal and the author.

SeymourPapert One AI or Many?

From Daedalus, Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, from the issue entitled, "Artificial Intelligence," vol. 117 (1988).

Plato

From TheMeno

From The DialoguesofPlato, trans. B. Jowett (New York: Random House, 1892).

RentDescartes

From "Comments on a Certain Broadsheet"

From Philosophical Writings of Descartes, trans. Cottingham, Stoothoff, and Murdoch (Cambridge: Cam­bridge University Press, 1985), by permission of the publisher.

JdmLocke

No Innate Prindples in the Mind

From An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, fifth edition (London, 1706).

JeanPiaget

The Psychogenesis of Knowledge and Its Epistemological Significance

From Massimo PiateUi-Palmerini, ed., Language and Learning: The Debate Between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky (Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press, 1980), by permission of the author and publisher. Copyright © 1980 by the President and FeUows of Harvard CoUege.

Jerry A Fodor

How There Could Be a Private Language and What It Must Be Like

From The Language of Thought (Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press, 1975), by permission of the author and publisher. Copyright © 1975 by Thomas Y. CromweU Company, Inc.

NoamChomsky

On Cognitive Structures and Their Development: A Reply to Piaget

From Massimo PiateUi-Palmerini, ed., Language and Learning: The Debate Between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky (Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press, 1980), by permission of the author and publisher. Copyright © 1980 by the President and FeUows of Harvard CoUege.

From Massimo PiateUi-Palmerini, ed., Language and Learning: The Debate Between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky (Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press, 1980), by permission of the author and Copyright © 1980 by the President and FeUows of Harvard College

NoamChcwnsky Discussion of Putnam's Comments

From Massimo PiateUi-Palmerini, ed., Language and Learning: The Debate Between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky (Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press, 1980), by permission of the author and publisher. Copyright © 1980 by the President and FeUows of Harvard CoUege.

Jerry Fodor Reply to Putnam

From Massimo PiateUi-Palmerini, ed., Language and Learning: The Debate Between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky (Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press, 1980), by permission of the author and publisher. Copyright © 1980 by the President and FeUows of Harvard CoUege.