CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION........................................................................................ 4......................................................................................

Introduction to Ecology........................................................................... 6......................................................................................

Organism and habitat. Primary abiotic factors and adaptations of organisms........................................... 16

Population Ecology........................................................................... 26

Communities and ecosystems..................................................................... 35

Doctrine of biosphere........................................................................ 45

Doctrine of life safety.............................................................................. 57

Emergency of nature character......................................................................... 68

Emergency of technogenic character......................................................................... 76

Threats of terrorist act................................................................................... 91....................................................................................

The existence of man in extreme natural conditions........................................................................ 96

First-aid dressing.......................................................................... 103

CONCLUSION................................................................ 111

GLOSSARY.................................................................... 112

VOCABULARY............................................................... 129

REFERENCES................................................................ 138