Definition of Terrorism
Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a financial, political, religious or ideological aim.
Nowadays Extremism and Terrorism are the most serious threats in the modern world. Extremism is commitment to extreme views and, in particular, to measures. Among such measures one can note provocation of riots, civil disobedience, terrorist actions, methods of partisan warfare. And attachment "religious" implies adherence to any religion.
The most important condition for struggling against terrorist threats is intransigence, determination and rigidity of the response to the threat of terrorism.
The direct commission of a terrorist crime in the conditions of the technosphere is possible in the following forms:
> capture, damage or destruction of the economy, transport, etc.;
> organization of explosion and arson or the use of radioactive, biological and chemical agents;
> causing damage to life, health or property of people by creating conditions for accidents of anthropogenic nature;
> other actions that endanger people's lives and cause significant material damage.
The types of means used in the organization of terrorism are the following:
- nuclear terrorism, in which the largest scale source of crime can be the volumes of the nuclear industry and nuclear power plants, as well as the disposal of radioactive waste.
- chemical terrorism, in which many industrial and domestic toxic substances can be used.
- biological terrorism is the most dangerous type of terrorism. To detect the use of dangerous biological substances can only be after the onset of the disease, which takes days or weeks. The places of chemical and biological terror can be infrastructure facilities with a large number of people: metro stations, airports and railway stations, large office buildings, shops and supermarkets, closed sports and concert halls, the water supply system of big cities, food lots;
- technical terrorism - damage to economic objects, transport, hydraulic structures, etc., which can lead to the release of substances and energy, significantly more dangerous than their primary impact. This is the case with the destruction of buildings and structures, oil and gas storage facilities, dams, bridges, etc.
- information terrorism - an attack on computer networks. The most vulnerable are telecommunications, aviation dispatching, financial and government information systems, computer networks in the energy sector, and automated control systems in the armed forces.
A set of measures aimed at countering terrorism at economic units:
- legal - bringing requirements of laws and regulations to the site personnel;
- information - issuance of orders, insructions to observe the established rules, appointment of responsible persons for carrying out protective measures;
- technical - installation of alarms, audio, video recordings, barriers, car parking places not closer than 100 m from the places of mass stay of people, etc.;
- organizational - determining the scope of preventive measures; appointment of a set of persons responsible for compliance with the access regime, bypassing the site territory, etc.; verification of incoming property; carrying out of careful selection of employees, especially in protection subdivisions, service personnel (persons on duty, repairmen, cleaners, etc.); drawing up instructions; organization of personnel training and planning its actions in the case of the threat of terrorist attacks.
In Kazakhstan the system of measures to ensure security of the society and the state from terrorist threats has been developed and gradually improved that has allowed to accumulate certain experience in identifying and suppressing the activities of terrorist organizations.