Explosion protection
Explosion - the release of a large amount of energy in a limited amount in a short period of time. Explosions occur as a result of the release of various types of energy:
1. chemical (explosives, explosive mixtures (hydrogen with oxygen, for example, when charging batteries, wood or flour dust with air, paint and vapors, sugar dust, natural gas with air, etc.);
2.
mechanical (the energy of compressed gases when the pressure limit is exceeded on the walls of the vessel or pipeline);3. electromagnetic (spark discharge);
4. intranuclear (nuclear or thermonuclear explosions).
The peculiarity of the explosion as a phenomenon is a shock wave. The explosion leads to the formation of highly heated gas with very high pressure, which with instant expansion has a mechanical impact on the environment.
Defeating factors:
1. Shock wave.
2. Fragmented fields formed by flying fragments of various kinds of objects, technological equipment, construction parts, explosive devices, ammunition.
3. Exposure to high temperatures.
4. Collapse of structures and buildings.
5. The effect of radiation.
6. Secondary processes as a result of explosions - fires, electric shock, exposure to toxic substances, etc.
Consequences of explosions:
1. Bruises, fractures.
2. Craniocerebral injury.
3. Contusions.
4. Bleeding.
5. Burns of the body and respiratory tract.
6. Poisoning.
7. Radiation sickness.
8. Stress.
In cases of emergency occurring because of the explosion, act according to the following rules.
In the case of explosion hazard:
1. Prepare documents, valuables, clothes, medicines, food and drink.
2. Turn off the power supply (electrical appliances), gas, water.
3. Organized, without panic, leave the place of a possible explosion.
4. Do not inspect explosive objects on your own.
After the explosion:
1. If the building is damaged by an explosion, make sure that there are no significant damages to ceilings, walls, electric, gas and water lines.
2. Help victims.
3. Start to eliminate the consequences of the explosion.
If you are in the rubble:
1. Free yourself from the debris lying on you, and carefully examine yourself. (Touch your head, see if there is blood in your ears, take a deep breath - whether your chest is intact, try raising your legs.)
2. If there are no serious injuries, turn face down and try to move to a safer place. Strengthen your shelter with fragments of stones, exclude movement of plates, unbend sharp pieces of armature.
3. In whatever condition you are, try to let somebody hear - knock on pipes, fittings, etc.
4. Find the source of air intake; expand and strengthen the way to it (Air consumption per breath: 1 person - 1 m3/hour).
5. Do not lose hope of salvation; hold out until the arrival of rescuers! Even in the most difficult obstructions people remain alive.