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Christianity emerged from obscurity during the second century.

The correspondence between the governor of Bythinia-Pontus, Pliny the Younger (61-112), and emperor Trajan (98-117) reveals a noticeable group of Christians in Asia Minor who conducted their religious life in a certain set way.

Not long after Pliny’s tenure as governor of Bythinia-Pontus, the letter of the martyr bishop Ignatius of Antioch testifies to similar conditions in his area. It was at this time that Christians began to identify the beliefs which would distinguish theirs from other religions, first of all from Judaism in which their immediate religious roots lay, but also from the religions of Greece and Rome, where their cultural roots lay and, for an increasing number of them, their national origins as well. That in their period of self- identification they drank simultaneously from the wellsprings of Judaism and paganism should not come as a surprise.

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Source: Benko Stephen. The Virgin Goddess Studies in the Pagan and Christian Roots of Mariology. Leiden: Brill, 2003. 2003

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