Establishment of Austrian and foreign affairs
The establishment of an Austrian administration for Galicia is described in several works. Beginning in 1778, the imperial government issued handbooks (schema- tisma) almost every year, outlining the administrative structure of the entire Habsburg empire.
Several pages in each volume were devoted to Galicia.10 Another series was issued between 1789 and 1914, covering solely the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.11 Besides these official handbooks, the administrative system set up by Maria Theresa and most especially by Joseph II is analyzed in great detail by Waclaw Tokarz and Horst Glassl.12 The colonization program of the Austrian rulers that brought several thousand new settlers, especially Germans, to Galicia has received detailed statistical analysis in several works.13 Thekraju,” Kwartalnik Historyczny, XIV, 1 (L’viv 1900), pp. 24-43; Hofrath von Sacher- Masoch, “Memoiren eines osterreichischen Polizeidirektors,’’ Auf der Hohe, no. 2 (Leipzig 1882), pp. 104-123 and 431-449; Karel V. Zap, Cesty a prochdzky po halicske zemi (Prague 1843), 2nd ed. (Prague 1863); J.F.H. [lakiv Holovats’kyi], “Cesta po halicke a uherske Rusi,” Casopis ceskeho musea, XV, 2, 3, 4 (Prague 1841), pp. 183-223, 302-317, 423-437; XVI, 1 (1842), pp. 42-62; idem, “O halicke a uherske Rusi,’’ Casopis ceskeho musea, XVII, 1 (Prague 1843), pp. 12-52.
9 Stanislaw Schnür-Peplowski, Galiciana, 1778-1812 (L’viv 1896) and Cudzoziemcy w Galicvi (1787-1841) (Cracow: Spolka Wyd. Polska 1898); Marian Tyrowicz, ed., Galicja od pierwszego rozbioru do wiosny ludow 1772-1849 (Cracow and Wroclaw: ZNIO, 1956).
See also the historical gudebook by Stanislaw Schnür-Peplowski, Obrazy z przesziosci Galicyi i Krakowa (1772-1858) (L’viv: Gubrynowicz i Schmidt 1896).
10 Schematismus des kaiserlichen auch kaiserlich-koniglichen Hofes und Staates; later Hof- und Staats-Schematismus des osterreichischen Kaiserthumes; and from 1844 to 1868 Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des osterreichischen Kaiserthumes (Vienna: K.K.
Hof- und Staats-Druckerei 1778-1868); Hof- und Staats-Handbuch der oesterreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie, vols IXLIV (Vienna: K.K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei 1874-1914).11 Schematismus der Konigreiche Galizien und Lodomerien [ 1789—1843] / Provinzial-Handbuch der Konigreiche Galizien und Lodomerien [1844-1884] I Handbuch der Lemberger Stathalterei-Gebietes in Galizien [1855-1869] / Szematyzm Krolewstwa Galicyi i Lodomeryi z Wielkim Ks. Krakowskim [1870-1914] (L’viv 1789-1914).
12 Waclaw Tokarz, Galicya w poczqtkach ery jozefinskiej w swietle ankiety urzqdowej z roku 1783 (Cracow: Akademia Umiej^tnosci 1909); Horst Glassl, Das osterreichische Einrichtungswerk in Galizien (1772-1790), Veroffentlichungen des Osteuropa-Institutes München, vol. XLI (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz 1975).
See also Bronislaw Loziriski, “Pocz^tki ery josefiriskiej w Galicyi,’’ Kwartalnik Historyczny, XXIV (L’viv 1910), pp. 163-206.
13 See chapter 10, n. 93.
Austrian police administration and the creation of an albeit ineffectual Assembly of Estates, or Diet (1817-1845), to replace old local Polish dietines are also the subject of two studies.14
In comparison to preceding and subsequent periods, Galicia between 1772 and 1848 was not a focus of interest for international concern and Austria’s control of the area was never seriously challenged. Nevertheless, there are some studies that treat Galicia’s relations with the outside world, such as the diplomatic and military aspects of Austria’s takeover of L’viv in 1772;15 the occupation of the Ternopil’ area by the Russian army between 1809 and 1815;16 the reaction of Poles and Ukrainians in the province to the Polish revolution of 1831 and their cooperation in later conspiracy movements;17 and the periodic attempts (1790, 1825-27, 1830) of Hungary to lay claim to Galician territory during its negotiations with Vienna for more self-rule.18
14 Antoni Kurka, Dzieje i tajemnice Iwowskiej policji z czasow zaboru austrjackiego 1772-1918 (L’viv: Gubrynowicz i syn 1930): Bronislaw Lozinski, Galicyjski sejm stanowy (1817-1845) (L’viv: H.
Altenberg 1905).See also the text (in French) of the abortive Austrian plan for a constitution for Galicia in Stanislaw Grodziski and Artur St. Gerhardt, eds, Projekt konstytucji dia Galicji z 1790 r. ("Charta Leopoldina”), Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellohskiego, vol. DLXXXXVIII: Prace Prawnicze, no. 94 (Warsaw and Cracow 1981).
15 Bronislaw Pawlowski, Zaj^cie Lwowa 1772, Biblioteka Lwowska, vol. XIV (L’viv 1911).
16 Jan Leszczyriski, Rzqdy rosyjskie w kraju Tarnopolskim 1809-1814, Monografie w Zakresie Dziejow Nowozytnych, vol. Ill (Cracow and Warsaw 1903); idem, “Cesya wschodnio- galicyjska na rzecz Rosyi (Rokowania cesyjne: pazdzienik 1809-czerwiec 1810),” Kwartalnik Historyczny, XVI, 1 (L’viv 1902), pp. 23-53. See also the description of L’viv, which in 1809 was occupied by Polish, then Russian, troops before being retaken by the Austrians: Bronislaw Pawlowski, Lwow w 1809 r., Biblioteka Lwowska, vol. Ill (L’viv 1909).
17 Jozef Bialynia Cholodecki, Lwow w czasie powstania listopadowego, Biblioteka Lwowska, vol. XXIX (L’viv 1930); Ivan Krevets’kyi, “Fal’shovannie metryk dlia pol’s’kykh povstantsiv z 1830-31 rr. (prychynok do kharakterystyky halyts’ko-rus’koho dukhovenstva pershoi polovyny XIX st),” Zapysky NTSh, LXXVII (L’viv 1907), pp. 107-113; Kyrylo Studyns’kyi, “Pol’ski konspiratsu sered rus’kykh pytomtsiv i duchovens’tva v Halychyni v rokakh 1831-46,” Zapysky NTSh, LXXX (L’viv 1907), pp. 53-108 and LXXXII (1908), 87-177; Hryhorii lu. Herbil’s’kyi, “Do pytannia pro z”viazky ukrains’kykh i pol’s’kykh prohresyvnykh diiach'iv u Halychyni v pershii polovyni XIX st.,” VisnykLDU: Seriia istorychnna, no. 1 (L’viv 1962), pp. 87-99; Wlodzimierz Borys, “Do bistorti ruchu spoteczno-politycznego studentow Universytetu i mlodziezy rzemieslniczej Lwowa w latach 1832 - 46,” Przeglqd Historyczny, XIV, 3 (Warsaw 1963), pp. 418-431; Boleslaw Lopuszafiski, Stowarzyszenie Ludu Polskiego (1836-1841): geneza i dzieje (Cracow: Wydawnictwo Literackie 1975).
18 Szymon Askenazy, “Galicya a Wfgry,” Nowe Wczasy (Warsaw 1910), pp. 264-274.