GLOSSARY

Central Rada — Central Council; Ukrainian revolutionary parliament in 1917 and 1918

chaiky — Cossack longboats

Directory — revolutionary government of Ukraine in 1919 and 1920

dumas — Ukrainian folk songs

Gubernia — province of the Russian Empire

Haidamaky — brigands; participants in popular uprisings in eighteenth-century Right-Bank Ukraine

hetman — Cossack commander (from the German Hauptmann)

Hetmanate — Cossack state from 1649 to 1764 and again in 1918

kurhany — burial mounds

Kurkul’ (Russian: kulak) — elastic Soviet term for a well-to-do peasant in the 1920s and 1930s

Maidan — square or plaza; shorthand for Independence Square in downtown Kyiv and the revolutionary events there in 2004 and in 2013 and 2014

oblast — province of Soviet or post-Soviet Ukraine

otaman — Cossack official

Raskol’niki — members of the Old Belief church

Samvydav — self-published dissident literature in Soviet Ukraine

voevoda — Rus’ and Muscovite military commander

yarlyk — permit for conditional right to rule a principality, issued by Mongol khans

Zaporozhians — Cossacks who established their headquarters beyond the Dnieper rapids in the sixteenth century