Glossary

^aktiv	^{Activists; the most politically active segment of an organization or group}
^All-Union	^{Federal level of the Soviet Union}
^{ark. (arkush)}	^{Folio(s), page(s) (of an archival file)}
^{Arkhiv USBU po Odesskoi oblasti}	^{Archive of the Security Service Administration of Ukraine for Odessa Oblast}
^{A GUVD U KhO}	^{Archive of the Main Administration of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Kharkov Oblast}
^{Article 54}	^{Charge for counterrevolutionary crimes in the Ukrainian criminal code, equivalent to Article 58 in the Russian criminal code}
^{Article 206-17}	^{Charges for violations of socialist legality, malfeasance, crimes of office in the Ukrainian criminal code, equivalent to Article 193-17 in the Russian criminal code}
^{ASSR (Avtonomnaia sotsialisticheskaia sovetskaia respublika)}	^{Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic}
^Bund	^{Prerevolutionary League of Jewish Workers in Russia and Poland, founded in 1897}
^chastina	^part
^{Cheka (VChK, or Vserossiiskaia Chrezvychainaia Komissiia)}	^{All-Russian Extraordinary Commission (the state security police from 1917 to 1922; superseded by the GPU)}
^Chekist	^{Member of the cheka}
^DAKhO	^{State Archive of Kharkiv Oblast}
^DAVO	^{State Archive of Vinnytsia Oblast}
^{dekulakization}	^{Shorthand for the process of the “liquidation of the kulaks as a class”—the expropriation, deportation, and, in some cases, executions of peasants labeled as kulaks that accompanied wholesale collectivization in the early 1930s}
^{d. (delo)}	^{File(s) (archival)}
^dvoika	^{Two-person panels, charged with sentencing in the national operations, to be confirmed in Moscow}
^{f. (fond)}	^{collection (archival)}
^FSB	^{See TsA FSB}
^GARF	^{Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (State Archive of the Russian Federation)}
^GPU	^{See OGPU}
^{GULAG (Glavnoe upravlenie ispravitel’no-trudovykh lagerei)}	^{Chief Administration of Corrective-Labor Camps}
^{HDA SBU (Haluzevii derzhavnyi arkhiv Sluzhbyi bezpeky Ukrainy)}	^{State Archive of the Security Police of Ukraine}
^{interdistrict operational group}	^{NKVD operational group during the Great Terror that united a series of districts (raions) within each region (oblasts)}
^{KGB (Komitet gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti)}	^{Committee of State Security, from 1954}
^{kharakteristika}	^{Certificate or document providing a political and social profile of an individual}
^{Komsomol (Kommunisticheskii soiuz molodezhi)}	^{Communist Youth League}
^{KNS (kontrol’no- nagliadova sprava)}	^{Control and Supervisory File. The final volume of the file (delo) with documents about the destination of the files and any other documents later added to the file.}
^krai	^Territory
^kulak	^{Literally, a “fist”; a prosperous peasant who exploits hired labor; often used as a term of political opprobrium against opponents of the collective farm and other state policies (see dekulakization)}
^{l. (list)}	^{Folio(s), pages (of an archival file)}
^{MGB (Ministerstvo gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti)}	^{Ministry for State Security, March 1946–March 1953}
^Mensheviks	^{The non-Leninist wing of the Russian Social Democratic Party that emerged after the 1903 schism of the Russian Social-Democratic Party; its nemesis, the Bolsheviks, also formed at this time}
^militsia	^{Shortened name for regular police force}
^militsioner	^{Regular police personnel}
^MTS	^{Machine-Tractor Station}
^{MVD (Ministerstvo vnutrennykh del)}	^{Ministry of Internal Affairs, renamed successor to the NKVD from March 1946; superseded by the KGB (Komitet gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti) in 1954}
^nachal’nik	^Boss
^NKGB	^{People’s Commissariat of State Security, February 1941–March 1946}
^{NKVD (Narodnyi komissariat vnutrennykh del)}	^{People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Russian Republic, 1918–1930; All Union Commissariat of Internal Affairs, 1934–1946; later the MVD}
^{NKVD Order 00447}	^{Major mass operation of state repression, inaugurated by the decree of 30 July 1937, aimed against former “kulaks,” recidivist criminals, and other “antisoviet” and “socially dangerous” elements.}
^{ob. (oborotnaia storona)}	^{Verso (reverse side of an archival document)}
^oblast	^Region
^{obvinitel’noe zakliuchenie}	^Indictment
^{OGPU (Ob”edinennoe gosudarstvennoe politicheskoe upravlenie)}	^{Unified State Political Administration (the state security police from 1922 to 1934; 1934 dissolved into the NKVD)}
^okrug	^County
^{op. (opis’)}	^{Archive group within a fond}
^{o.s. (osobova sprava)}	^{Personnel file (in Russian, lichnoe delo)}
^{Osoboe soveshchanie (Special Assembly)}	^{Highest Sentencing Board of the NKVD}
^otdel	^Department
^otdelenie	^Sector
^OUN	^{Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists}
^Petliura	^{Ukrainian nationalist and civil war leader who led Ukraine’s struggle for independence after the 1917 Revolution}
^Petliurists	^{Supposed or real followers of Petliura, civil war leader in Ukraine}
^Politburo	^{Political Bureau of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolshevik)}
^politotdel	^{Political department}
^Procuracy	^{Legal agency responsible for the conduct of prosecutions and the supervision of legality}
^Procurator	^{Legal official responsible for the conduct of prosecutions and the supervision of legality}
^{PSZ (Protokol sudebnogo zadedaniia)}	^{Stenographic records of court hearings}
^raion	^District
^{Red Partisans}	^{Partisans who fought for the Bolshevik side in regions held by the White forces during the Russian civil war.}
^RGASPI	^{Russian State Archive of Social and Political History}
^{RO NKVD}	^{Raion or district branch of the NKVD}
^{Right Opposition}	^{The last semi-public opposition to Stalin, led by N. I. Bukharin and A. I. Rykov; the Right Opposition crystallized around the issue of extraordinary measures in grain requisitioning in the late 1920s}
^sel’sovet	^{A village soviet or council}
^{shtatnye witnesses}	^{“Official” witnesses}
^{Socialist Revolutionary (SR)}	^{Member of prerevolutionary political party representing the peasantry}
^soviet	^{A council or administrative unit, found on various regional levels, from village (rural soviet) and city levels to district, provincial, and central levels}
^{Special Departments}	^{Special departments within factories (and other organizations) that included an NKVD operative as deputy head}
^spravka	^{Official certificate, usually testifying to an individual’s political and social status}
^{spr. (spravka)}	^{File (archive)}
^SRs	^{See Socialist Revolutionary}
^stoiki	^{Prolonged, forced standing}
^tom	^Volume
^troika	^{A committee consisting of three individuals, most often used in this book to refer to the important NKVD extrajudicial panels that issued sentences in mass operations of repression and including the heads of the NKVD, party committee, and procuracy at the specific regional level}
^{TsA FSB (Tsentral’nyi arkhiv Federal’noi sluzhby bezopasnosti)}	^{Central Archive of the Federal Security Bureau (successor institution to the Cheka-OGPU-NKVD-MVD-KGB)}
^TsDAHO	^{Central State Archive of Public Organizations of Ukraine}
^uchet	^{NKVD surveillance registration system}
^UGB	^{Upravlenie gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti (Administration for State Security)}
^UMVS	^{Departmental Archive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Zhitomir Oblast}
^upravlenie	^{Administration}
^UNKVD	^{District- or oblast-level NKVD administration}
^UPA	^{Ukrainian Insurgent Army, a Ukrainian nationalist paramilitary and later partisan formation.}
^VChK	^{see: Cheka}
^vydvizhentsy	^{“Socially pure” workers and peasants who were sent to schools of higher education or promoted directly within the Communist Party and government administration}
^Whites	^{The main adversaries of the Bolsheviks (Reds) in the civil war, representing the forces of the old regime}
^zakliuchenie	^{See obvinitel’noe zakliuchenie}
^{zv. (zvorotnyi bik)}	^{Verso (reverse side of an archival document)}

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Source: Viola Lynne, Junge Marc-Stephan (eds.). Laboratories of Terror: The Final Act of Stalin's Great Purge in Soviet Ukraine. Oxford University Press,2023. — 565 p.. 2023

Glossary

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