INDEX

AlIworth, Edward, 2n,18

Almond, Gabriel, 21 Amalrik, Andrei, 189n

America, 59,72,151

Anachronism, 33,44,164n Andriiashyk, Roman, 95n

Antiquity, monuments of, 114-117 Anti-Semitism, 11

Antonenko-Davydovych, Borys, 98, 144-146

Antoniuk, Zinoviy, 198

Apostol, Mykola, 156n

Armenia, 166

Armstrong, John A., 4n,5n,ll,12, 2On,31n,47n,117n,150n

Aspaturian, Vernon V., 8,47n,94n Assimilation, 39,126,130 Assimilationists: and cultural pluralists, 46,58,75,209; and the New Historical Community, 65; and merger, 70; and USSR as a nation, 68

Authenticity: and cinema, 87-89; in culture, 78; demands for, 83, 84,210-211; as a function of sym­bols, 30; and language, 123,143, 149; and monuments, 114; and the national myth, 85,86,106; and the Young Writers, 97

Babyn Yar, 165

Bandera, Stepan, 5

Basarab, John, 150n,164n

Belgium, 197-198 Belorussia, 5,ll,47,150n

Berdnyk, Oles’, 166n

Berezil theater group, 84

Bilinsky, Yaroslav, 9n,10,45n,50, llln,132n,134n

Bilingualism, 126,130-133

Bilodid, I.K., 86n,144n,146,149n Binder, Leonard, 15

Bloch, Robert, 191n

Bloembergen, E., 48n Bogoraz, Larisa, 190n

Borkenau, Franz, 22n Borysenko, V., 134n Borot’bism, 94n Bourgeois nationalism, 41,49n, 99.

Boychenko, V.A., 112

Braichevs’kyi, Mykhaylo, 92,93 Breslavs’kyi, Mykola, 188 Brezhnev, Leonid I.: on flowering and drawing together, 73; on localism, 53n; and nationality problem, 60,210; on New His­torical Community, 63,67,68; and 1977 Constitution, 62,63; and Shcherbitsky, 214; and the Ukrainian Party, 75; on unity, 61,69

Britain, 44

Browne, Michael, 155n Bukovina, 5n

Bukovsky, Vladimir, 191n Bulgakov, Mikhail, 96n Cassirer, Ernst, 22,26,46 Censorship, 24,33

Channels of Communication, 53, 153,184-185

Cherkasy oblast, 100,128,129,193 Chernihiv oblast, 128,129,130,

177,179

Chernivtsi oblast, 5n,128,129, 135,177

Choral societies, 117-120 Chornovil, Viacheslav, 140,14In, 142,166-167,183n,186,196n

Chronicle of Current Events, 162-163,186-187

Chubar, Vlas, 94 Chuprei, R.V., 160 Chykovs’kyi, Andrii, 83n Cinema, 87-89

Civil disobedience, 33

Civil rights movement, 159, 161­163, 165-167,169,212

Clandestine groups, 154-160 Committee for Human Rights, 163 Communications systems, 23-24,31 Communications theory, 9,22,23-24, 31

Communist Party of the Soviet Union: conflict within, 20,21;Congresses: 20th, 1,38,47,48; 22nd, 38; 24th; 38,63,67-69,75; criticized by Ukrainian Communists, 160; and cultural policy, 85; and Dadenkov, 140,142; and merger, 61; and nationalism, 1,3; and national­ity policy, 74; 1961 Party Pro­gram of, 49-53,63; and samizdat, 189; and nation, 62

Communist Party of the Ukraine: and Symonenko Diary affair, 194; Initiative Committee of Ukrainian Communists and, 159-160; nation­alism among ranks of, 163 Condensation symbols, 29,199,205 Conflict theory, 30-31 Connor, Walker, 17

Connotation (of symbols), 28-29 Conquest, Robert, 22n

Constitution of USSR (1936), 155,210 Constitution of Ukrainian SSR, 155 Content (of symbols), 29,31 Co-optation of symbols, 31-32, 100, 109-110,114,118

Cossacks: in cinema, 87; and histor­iographic nationalism, 93-94; and idealization of the past, 107,109; and Jews, 164n

Creative Youth of Dnipropetrovs’k, 108,158-159,177

Crimea, 128,129

Crimean Pedlnstitut, 140 Cultural Pluralists, 57,67; and assimilationists, 46,58,75,209; and Lenin, 70; and Marxist clas­sics, 73; and unity, 69-70,72,73

Culture: and myth, 85,86; as a symbol, 79-80

Cybernetics, 150 Czechoslovakia, 2,5n,8,9,82,197- 198; Czechs in Ukraine, 131

Dadenkov, luryi N., 140,141,142 Daniel, Yuli, 193,195 Demidov, D.Ia., 160

Demokrat, 162

Democratic Union of Socialists, 157-158,159,177

Denotation (of symbols), 28-29

De-Stalinization, 48,57,79 Deutsch, Karl, 16 de Vincenz, A., 81n DeWitt, Nicholas, 45,46n Diakov, Osyp, 165 Dialectic, 33,55,60,61 Dictionaries, 148-149 Differentiation (function of symbols), 30,123,133-134, 143, 149

Diffusion (cultural), 9,10 Diglossia, 126

Dissent movement: geographical distribution of, 177-179; and intellectual-cultural dis­sent, 161; origins of, 95; regime response to, 188-206; strategies of, 184-188; struc­ture of, 154.

Dissidents: ages of, 181; de­fined, 161; family backgrounds of, 180; and language, 127, 132-133,136n; and national patrimony, 117; occupations of, 182; profiles of, 180-183; relationship to Jews, 161, 163-165; relationship to Rus­sian dissidents, 161-163, 165- 166; scene of activities of, 179; trials of, 188-191 Dmytruk, Klym, 202n Dniprodzerzhinsk, 188n Dnipropetrovs’k (city), 106,107, 108,158-159

Dnipropetrovs’k (obkom}, 159 Dnipropetrovs’k {oblast}, 128, 129,177,178

Dnipropetrovs’k mafiia, 214 Dobhal, A., 146n

Dobosh, Yaroslav, 197-199 Donets’k oblast, 128,129,177,

178,179

Dovzhenko, Oleksandr, 84 Drach, Ivan, 96,97

Drahosh, Mykola, 157-158 Drawing together: and Russian primacy, 45; Gafurov on, 49; 3rd Party Program on, 51,52; and academic debate, 58-61; and assimilation, 59; Brezhnev on, 67-68,73; and culture, 149; as a dialectical process, 60- 61,73; in official policy, 61, 74

Drozd, Volodymyr, 97

Duevel, Christian, 63n,71n Dzhuhalo, 158

Dzhunusov, M.S., 49,51,57,61 Dzyuba, Ivan: Babyn Yar speech of, 165; and Bohdan Stenchuk, 167; Grievances and program of, 170­171; and language, 132n,144, 170­171; and Lenin myth, 58n; as a Marxist-Leninist,105,208; Moroz’s criticism of, 172-174; persecution of, 171-172,188n,195-197; and Skaba, 147; on Symenenko, 102, 103; and Symonenko Diary affair, 193-195; and Young Writers, 81, 97.

Eastern Europe, 82,94

Edelman, Murray, 25n,26n,33n Education, 133-143

Emigres, 34,35,82,192,204

Ems Ukase, 89

Engels, Friedrich, 39,55,73 Equilibrium theory, 30-31 Eulogy, 33

Fascism, 5,32,200 Federalism, 52-53,62,71 Fedorchuk, V.V., 189 Fishman, Joshua A., 16n,122,126n, 143

Flowering: in academic debate, 58; and authenticity, 89; Brezhnev on, 73; as a dialectical process, 60­61; Gafurov on, 49; and official policy, 51,68,74-77; Stalin on, 56

Folk themes, 79,90,117

France, 44,70,82n

Franko, Ivan, 4,110,116,165n,198 Franko, Zinoviia, 198

Friendship of Peoples myth, 44,86,91 Fusion: See Merger.

Gafurov, B., 49,50,51 Galicia, 5n,160 Georgia, 166

Ginzberg, Aleksandr, 167 Gitelman, Zvi, 164n Glazer, Daniel, 15,16n Glazer, Nathan, 16n,59n Gluzman, Semen, 19In Golomshtok, Igor, 78 Goodman, Nelson, 32n Gordon, Milton, 17 Griffiths, Franklyn, 21n Griffith, William E., 22n Grigorenko, Gen. Petr, 166n

Gusfield, Joseph, 132

Hals’kyi, Maj. Klimenty, 202n Hasiuk, laroslav, 157

Helsinki Accords, 165-166 Higher education, 141-142 Historiography, 90,91 Hodnett, Grey, 9n,58,59n,62n Hoffman, Mykola, 164n Hohus, Bohdan, 156n

Holovko, A., 196

Homin Ethnographic Choral En­semble, 118-120

Honchar, Oles’, 96,106-108,158 Honchareva, V.M., 70,71 Horak, Stephan M., 9In Hors’ka, Alla, 111

Hrushevsky, Mykhailo, 4,92,110 Hryhorenko, Gen. Petro, 166n Hryn’kov, Dmytryi, 160 Hrytsyna, Bohdan, 156 Hulyk, Stefaniia, 198

Hungary: Hungarians in Ukraine, 137

Hutsalo, levhen, 97

Hutsuls, 116-117,118 Hyperbole, 32 lashchenko, Leopol’d, 119-120 Ideology: injection of myths, 19,22,31; defined in terms of myths, 27; reshaping of, 37, 38,54,55;utility of, 18 Imperialism, 191-199,201-202 Information theory, 23-24 Initiative Committee of Ukrain­ian Communists, 159-160

Initiative Group for the Defense of Human Rights, 162,167 Integral nationalism, 39,100, 104-105,199-200

Integration, 58

Interest aggregation, 37 Interest articulation, 38,153, 184-185

International Radio, 192. See also Radio, international broadcasts; Radio Liberty

Inversion, 33

Irony, 33 Italy, 82n Ivano-Frankivs'k (city), 160 Ivano-Frankivs’k (oblast}, 5n,

128,129,155,158,177,178,179 Janos, Andrew C., 18 Jews: emigration movement, 161; and linguistic assimilation,

131; in social structure, 4; and Ukrainian nationalism, 163-165, 212; and Ukrainization, 42,203 Judiciary, 188-191,213 Kaganovich, Lazar, 8In Kamenetsky, Ihor, 11 Kaminsky, Anatol, 204n Kandyba, Ivan, 155,166n Karavans’kyi, Sviatoslav: and civil rights movement, 166,169-170; and Dadenkov, 142; in defense of Ukrainian language, 144; and 1958­1959 school reforms, 134

Katyn Forest massacre (1941), 170 KGB: under Brezhnev, 189; and Dobosh affair, 197-198; and Dzyuba, 194­197; and Karavans’kyi, 169; and Plyushch, 167; and Symonenko Diary affair, 194-195; in Ukraine, 161, 189

Kharkiv oblast, 128,129,130,178,179 Kharkiv University, 141

Kherson oblast, 128,129,179 Khmelnytsky, Bohdan, 92,116,164 Khmel’nyts’kyi oblast, 128,129 Khodorovich, Tatiana, 19In Kholodnyi, Mykola, 96

Khrushchev, Nikita S.: and dissent,

176-177; and nationalities policy, 53; and New Historical Community, 63n; and 1958-1959 school reforms, 51,52; 3rd Party Program of, 51,52; at 20th Party Congress, 47-48; and the Ukraine, 46,49

Khrystynych, Bohdan, 157 Khvylovyi, Mykola, 45,83-84,94 Kiev (city), 128,129,130,138,167,189n Kiev (oblast}, 128,129,166,177,178,

179 Kievan Rus’, 92 Kiev State University, 135,141,188 Kirichenko, A.I., 46 Kirovohrad oblast, 128,129 Kishinev (Moldavia), 158 Kleyner, Israel, 164n Kobzar, 86,110 Kohn, Hans, 2 Kolasky, John, 81n,86,112,132n,136n,

146n,147

Korotych, Vitalyi, 97 Kosach-Kvitka, Larysa: See Lesia

Ukrainka

Koshelivets, Ivan, 97n,146-147,160n, 161-162

Kosior, S.V., 42n,94

Kosmach (village), 118 Kostenko, Lina, 97

Kosterin, A., 189n Kostomarov, Mykola, 4 Kotsurova, Anna, 198

Koval, Ivan, 156

Kovalev, S., 72

Kozlov, V.I., 65-67

Kulchycky, George P., 93n Kul’chyns’kyi, N.G., 158-159 Kulish, Mykola, 84

Kurbas, Les’, 84

Kurenivka raion (Kiev), 139 Labelling, 33

Langer, Susanne K., 28n Language: culture of, 124,143­151; education and, 133; planning, 122,124,143-144; as a symbol, 122-123

Lasswell, Harold D., 26n Legitimacy, 29,31

Lenin, Vladimir I.: and class unity, 70,71; and merger, 52,60,70; myth of, 54,55,58, 126,202; on nations, 39,55, 56; and nationalism, 41; and New Historical Community, 63n; Testament published, 48 Leninist nationalities policy, 40,41

Lenins’kyi raion (Kiev), 138 Leoniuk, Volodymyr, 157

Lepkyi, Bohdan, 83n

Levada, Oleksandr, 88,89 Lewytzkyj, Borys, 190n

Lipset, Harry, 134n

Lithuania, 166

Litvinov, Pavel, 190n

Los, Evdokia, 174

Luhans'k oblast, 128,129,177, 179

Lukianenko, Levko, 155n,156n, 166n

L’viv (city), 155,202n

L’viv (oblast}, 5n,128,129,156, 177,178,179

L’viv University, 141

Lytvyj, Vasyl, 120

Makarenko, Mykola, 88

Makukha, Vasylyi, 187 Malinowski, Bronislaw, 26 Malyshko, Andrii, 97n,98,147 Mann, Georg, 19In

Mannheim, Karl, 26,28n

Maoism, 32,203-205 Marchenko, A., 189n Marr, N.Ia., 123-124

Martyrdom, creed of, 101,172-174 Marx, Karl, 39,40,73

Marynovych, Myroslav, 166n Masiutko, Mykhaylo, 189n Matusevych, Mykola, 166n McDonald, Lee C., 27-28n

Meaning, 22,23

Medvedev, Roy, 115n,191n Medvedev, Zhores, 19In Meiosis, 32

Mel’nikov, L.G., 46 Mel'nyk, Andrew, 5 Merger: in academic debate, 58-62;

and assimilation, 59,75; Engels on, 55; Gafurov on, 49,51; and language, 124; Lenin on, 52,56; in official policy, 61-62; and Russian primacy, 45; Stalin on, 56,57

Meshko, Oksana, 166n

Metaphoric transfer, 32,199,202 Mikhailovsky (historian), 56 Mykolaiiv oblast, 128,129

Minimal differences doctrine, 144, 149

Modernization, 116,152 Molotov, Viacheslav, 47n

Mordan’, Raisa, 120

Moroz, Valentyn: on devaluation of words, 103,104; and Dzyuba, 172, 173; and folk music, 118; on Hutsuls, 116-117; on language, 144; martyrdom, creed of, 172-173; not Marxist, 105; on modernization, 116; on the nation, 174-176; as a symbol, 102

Mosca, Gaetano, 26

Motriuk, N.N., 160 Moynihan, Daniel P., 16n,59n Mueller, Claus, 22-24

Myth: defined, 25; of friendship of peoples, 44,86,91; and histor­iography, 90; and ideology, 22; and language, 123; of nation and internationalism, 18-20; of the Party, 21; political, 24-27,31; reinterpretation of, 37-38; of Russian primacy, 30,43-45,90,109, 207-208; and symbols, 29

Nahimy, Vladimir C., 16n Narod, connotations of, 64

Nation: classical Marxist view, 39; debate over definition of, 57,58,67; Marxist treat­ment of, 39,55,56; Moroz on, 174-176; as repository of spiritual values, 105,106; Stalin on, 56,57; USSR as a nation, 62,65-68

National communism, 94 Nationalism: modem, 1-3; and myths and symbols, 30-32; Soviet usage of, 199-200; Ukrainian, 4-7,35, passim', Western writings on, 7-18. See also Bourgeois nation­alism; Ukrainian nationalism; nationalities policy; nationalities problem

Nationalities policy: and authenticity, 88,89; impor­tance to leadership, 3,36-37; and legitimacy, 75-77; Len­inist, 40,41; myths and sym­bols of, 30-31; official, 38,39

Nationalities problem, 1-3, 27,35,passim

National moral patrimony: and historiography, 90; and language, 122; myth of, 30, 208-209,211; and onomastics, 147; and shestydesiatnyki, 99-103; spirituality and, 103-109

National self-determination, 27,40,77

Nazis, 6,43,200-201 Nechaev, Sergei, 174 Nehoda, Mykola, 194 Nekrasov, Viktor, 82n,83n,96, 98n,143n,147n,160n,215

New Historical Community of People, 63,64,67,68,74 Nikitchenko, Vitalyi F., 189, 195,206,214

Novychenko, Leonid M., 102 Odesa (city), 157,158,169 Odesa (oblast), 128,129,141,

178,179

Onomastics, 147,148 Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN): and Dobosh, 198; historical de­scription of, 5,6; and in­tegral nationalism, 100;

and Karavans'kyi, 169; modern Ukrainian nationalism differs from, 101,104-105; "Ol’zhych," 83n; OUN-North, 157; attitudes to Russians, 165; cell in Ternopil in 1961, 156-157; and Ukrainian nationalism, 200,201; and Ukrainian National Front, 158; during and after WW II, 43 Ovcharenko, F.D., 147,214 Oxymoron, 32 Pal’chak, Mariia, 156-157 Pal'chak, Stepan, 157 Panch, B., 196

Parenti, Michael, 16n Pareto, Wilfredo, 26 Pavlychko, D., 108 Pavlyk, Mykhaylo, 118 Peasants, 11-13

Pelenski, Jaroslaw, 91n,97n Pereiaslav, Treaty of, 92,93 Perepadia, Anatolii, 193 Personification, 32 Petlura, Simon, 4,203 Petrienko, Valentyna, 118 Pipes, Richard, 2,44 Plakhotniuk, Mykola, 159n Plato, 26

Ploss, Sidney I., 22n Plyushch, Leonid, 143n,147n,160n, 166-169,191n,215

Podgorny, Nikolai, 139 Pogroms, 164n

Poland, 2,4,5n,8,82,164n;

Poles in Ukraine, 131 Political culture, 153 Political Diary, 163 Political myths, 24-27,31.

Myths

Political trials, 188-191 Poltava oblast, 100,128,129 Pool, Ithiel de Sola, 9,10 Pool, Jonathan, 122 Pospielevsky, Dmitry, 45n Possony, Stefan T., 164n Postyshev, P.P., 42n Potichnyj, Peter J., 9n,91n Prison camps, 189,189n Program of the Democratic Movement of the USSR, 162

Prokop, M., 204n Proletarian Internationalism: and culture, 89; defined, 30-31; and historiography, 90; and Leninist nationalities policy, 27,40; myth of, 30,31, passim', and the nation, 56; inclusive of Rus­sian primacy, 45; and So­cialist Realism, 80; and 3rd Party Program, 49; utility of, 207-209

Psychiatric imprisonment, 191 Purity (of language): See Lan­guage, culture of

Pye, Lucian, 15

Oles’-Kandyba, Oleksandr, 83 "Ol’zhych," 83n

Rada, 4

Radio, international broadcasts, 10,34,192

Radio Liberty, 34,192 Rakhmanny, Roman, 203n Rakowska-Harmstone, Teresa, 1-2,

11,12

Reddaway, Peter, 19In Redundancy (in communications), 23,42,103

Referential symbols, 29 Rehabilitations, 82,83 Reification, 33

Riasanovsky, Nicholas, 64n Rivne oblast, 5n,128,129,177,178 Rogachev, P.M., 68,72

Rosenthal, Erich, 16 Rudenko, R.A., 169 Rudenko, Mykola, 166n

Rudnytsky, Ivan L., 8 Rumania: Rumanians in Ukraine,

137

Rusanivs’kyi, Vitalii, 144,146 Rush, Myron, 21

Russian chauvinism, 41,50,58, passim

Russian culture: tutelage of minority cultures, 86,87

Russian Empire, 44,45,76

Russian primacy, myth of: and culture, 109; defined, 43-45; and proletarian internation­alism, 30,90^07-208

Russianization, 129,130

Russian language: census data on, 127; as lingua franca, 124-126; quality of instruction in, 140; Russicisms in Ukrainian, 143. See also Russification

Russian nationalism, 43,45,115 Russification: and assimilation,

75; intralinguistic effects

of, 147; of language, 129,130,

147; and modernization, 12; and Plyushch, 168-169; and prole­tarian internationalism, 89; pro­tests against, 114,146-147,188; resistance to, 7; statistical analysis by B.

Samizdat, 24,53. See also Samvydav Samvydav, 6,34,93,95,96,103,112,113, 115,116,138,139,140,146,150,154, 156-158,162,162,165,170,172,185­187,194-196,212

Sapir, Edward, 29n

Sarcasm, 33 Savchenko, V.V., 158-159 Schools, 134-139

Science (and language), 149-151 Secessionists, 154-155,159-160, 177,186,188

Seleznenko, Leonid, 198 Self-immolation, 187-188 Semantic space, 29,31,33 Semykina, Liudmyla, 111 Separatists: See Secessionists Serbenchuk, Rostislav, 157 Sevruk, Halyna, 111

Shapiro, Jane P., 9In Shcherban, Hanna, 193-194 Shcherbitsky, Volodymyr, In,139,214 Shelest, Petro: and Dadenkov, 142, 143; protection of dissidents, 206,214-215; and intellectuals, 147,197; and Nikitchenko, 189; purge of, 75,197,206,213-216 Shelest, Vitalii P., 150n Sheptyts’kyi, Metropolitan, 202 Shestydesiatnyki, 99,100,113 Shevchenko, Taras: opposed to anti­Semitism, 165n; birthday cele­brations, 113; May 22 celebrations, 113-114; removal of monuments to, 116; said to owe debt to Russians, 86; stained glass window incident, 111-112; as a symbol, 4,110-116; Symonenko compared to, 100; Washington, D.C. monument to, 112 Shovkovoi, la.V., 160 Shums’kyi, Oleksandr, 41

Shumuk, Dany1o, 198 Shumylo, Mykyta, 144 Sign (in communications),28 Silver, Brian, 7n,14-17,131,132 Siniavsky, Andrei, 193,195 Siryy klyn, 205

Skaba, A.D., 93,99,147 Skilling, H. Gordon, 2In Skoropadsky, Paul, 4 Skrypnyk, Mykola, 94,170 Smolych, lu., 196

Sobor, 158 Socialist Realism, 79,80,85 Socialization, 32,216

Social mobilization, 11-15,184 Sokul’s’kyi, Ivan, 158-159 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 45 Sorel, Georges, 26

Sorenko, V.F., 7In Soroka, Mykhaylo, 157n Sosiura, Volodymyr, 81,105,106 Stalin, Josef: Art in era of,

80; criticized, 47-48; def­inition of nation, 56-57,67; on language, 124-125; on the nation, 39,56-57,67; purges of Ukrainian intellectuals, 82; preference for Russification, 41; toast to Russian people, 43

Stalinism, revival of, 159 Status (function of symbols),

123,132,133-134,143 Stenchuk, Bohdan, 167,196 Strokata, Nina, 166n,169,170 Stus, Vasylyi, 198,199 Sullivant, Robert S., 47n Sumy oblast, 128,129,177,179 "Surzhyk” (hodgepodge), 140 Suslov, Mikhail, 3n Sverdlin, M.A., 68,72 Sverstiuk, levhen, 80,97,101,

108-109,117,198 Svitlychnyi, Ivan, 80n,81,97,

101,193-195,198

Symbolic action, 153,173,185, 190,212

Symbols: ambiguity of, 95; and arts, 78-79; and communication theory, 28,29; condensation and referential, 29; and education, 133; and language, 122,149; and metaphoric trans­fer, 31,32; of national iden­tity, 109; and nationalities policy, 30,31; regime’s use of, 191-205; and symbolic action, 19,33

Symonenko Diary affair, 193-195 Symonenko, Vasyl: Diary affair, 193-195; life and works, 100-101; published in USSR, 100; and shestydesiatnyki, 100; signifi­cance of, 101-102

Synechdoche, 32

Szamuely, Tibor, 11 Szporluk, Roman, 9n Tadevosian, E., 67n Terlets’kyi, V.M., 71,71n,72 Temopil oblast, 5n,128,129,177,178, 179

Third Party Program, 49-54 Tillett, Lowell, 44n Trials, 33,188-191,201 Tsamerian, I.P., 67n

Tsarist Empire, 44,45,76

Tsiupa, I., 196 Tychyna, Pavlo, 98 Tykhyi, Oleksiy, 166n Typologizing, 33

Ukrainian Criminal Code, 190 Ukrainian Herald, 162-163,186-187 Ukrainian Insurrectionary Army (UPA), 6,43,104,157n,200

Ukrainian language: census data on, 127,128,129; discrimination against, 132,133; and linguistics, 148; orthography of, 145-146; popular culture of, 144-145; and purity, 143-151; in science, 149­151; quality of teaching of, 139­140; quality of in University entrants, 135

Ukrainian National Committee, 156 Ukrainian National Front, 158,187 Ukrainian nationalism: as a cate­gory, 188; as a condensation symbol, 199,205; emigres por­trayed as, 192; and fascism, 200; history of, 4-7; and imperialism, 201-202; differs from integral nationalism, 104-105; and Maoism, 203-205; and OUN, 200; and Uniates, 202; Western writings on, 8-12; and Zionism, 202-203 Ukrainian Peoples’ Republic (UNR), 4

Ukrainian Public Group to Promote the Implementation of the Helsinki Accords, 165-166

Ukrainian Workers’ and Peasants’ Union, 155-156

Ukrainization, 12,41,42 Ukrainka, Lesia, 110,118,165η,

173

Uniates, 5,202

Union of Ukrainian Youth of

Galicia, 160

United Party for the Liberation of the Ukraine, 155

Unity, 61,69-75

Universities: See Higher

Education

Uzhhorod, 137-138,188n

Valuev Ukase, 89

van den Berghe, Pierre L., 31n

Vinhranovs’kyi, Mykola, 97

Volia i bat’kyvshehyna, 158

Voluntary Society for the Preser­vation of Monuments of History and Culture of the Ukrainian SSR, 115,116

Volyn oblast, 5n,128,129,177,178, 179

Vorkuta prison camp, 157 Voroshylovhrad oblast, 128,129, 130

Vovchuk, Marko, 118

Vynnitsia oblast, 128,129

West (as a symbol), 191-199

West Ukraine, 5,8,9,154,155,176, 177

Wing, J.K., 191n

Writers’ Union, Kiev Section, 134,171-172,196-197

Writers’ Union of the Ukraine, 96-98,106,147,193-194

Wynar, Lubomyr R., 9In Xenophobia, 191-199

Young Writers, 82,96,97,98,99, 101

Zakarpattia oblast, 5n,128,129, 137

Zalyvakha, Panas, 111

Zaporozhian Sich:See Cossacks Zaporizhzhia oblast, 128,129,177 Zelenyy klyn, 205

Zhaivoronok Itinerant Student

Choir, 118,119

Zhdanovism, 79,85

Zhytnykova, Tatiana, 168,169 Zhytomyr oblast, 128,129,178, 179,202η

Zionism (linked to Ukrainian nationalism), 32,202-203

1^{1 * * * * * 7}B.

internatsional’nogo vospitaniia,” Komnunist, No. 11(August, 1958),

p. 18. This complaint turns out to be among the most common in accus­

ations of ’’bourgeois nationalism.” Considering the migration of Rus­

sians to the borderlands, and the new-found (if short-lived) power of native cadres, and not discounting simple nepotism, we urge the power

of a political symbol such as bourgeois nationalism in so mundane an

affair as who gets a job.

6⁶See Robitnycha hazeta, April 28, 1968. Also see The Ukrainian Bul­letin, Vol. XXI, No. 13-6(1968), and Radio Free Europe Research Bul­letins: "Ukrainian Novel Raises a Storm," July 1, 1968, and "Russifi­cation and Socialist Legality in the Dnepropetrovsk Area," March 10, 1969. The latter also appears in The Ukrainian Review, Vol. XVI, No. 3(1969), pp. 46-52.