National bibliographies
Much better developed than historiographic studies about Galicia are unannotated and annotated bibliographies. These may be divided into two groups, those which in the tradition of national bibliography try to list all publications that appeared in Galicia or that were written by Galician-Ukrainian authors, and those which list works about a specific subject or historical period.
To the first group belong the bibliographies of lakiv Holovats’kyi and Ivan E. Levyts’kyi. Holovats’kyi has provided a chronological list of over 650 Church- Slavonic imprints from Galicia between the years 1614 and 1865; it is basically a supplement to an earlier work by Vukol M. Undol’skii.[28] Levyts’kyi, the greatest bibliographer in Galicia, if not the Ukraine in general, set out to create a chronologically arranged bibliography for nineteenth-century Galicia. The result was a monumental, two-volume work with several supplements that listed a total of 7303 entries for the years 1801 through 1893. This work also includes invaluable analytics of newspapers, journals, almanacs, and collective works.[29] Although Levyts’kyi did not quite provide complete coverage for the nineteenth century, he did prepare a comprehensive bibliographical listing (99 entries) of works that appeared in Galicia during the first three decades of Austrian rule (1772-1800).[30] The Polish bibliographer Karol Estreicher did complete an eleven-volume Polish national bibliography for the nineteenth century that is arranged according to author and which includes several Galician Ukrainian writers as well. Estreicher is much less reliable than Levyts’kyi, however, although his work contains works by some Galician Ukrainian authors that appeared between 1894 and 1900 that are missing in Levyts’kyi’s unfinished opus.31
Systematic coverage of Galician-Ukrainian publications for the twentieth century is at best haphazard.
For the years 1901 through 1918 there is no coverage at all. With regard to the interwar period, there are bibliographies of Galician publications by luliian lavors’kyi and Vasilii R. Vavrik done according to the model of Levyts’kyi; unfortunately, these list only works by Russophile authors or institutions.32 More comprehensive is the current national bibliography for Poland (1929-39). Each issue (i.e. every three months, then two weeks, then monthly) contains a section on “non-Polish publications,” including many Galician-Ukrainian titles.33 An annual bibliography of works on national minorities in Poland also provided systematic coverage for the years 1929 through 1937, with over 450 entries on Ukrainians.34 For the years after 1958, an annual Soviet publication31 Karol Estreicher, Bibliografia polska XIX. stolecia, 7 vols [vols. I-V: 1800-1870; vols.
VI-VII: dopelnienia, 1870-1880] (Cracow: Wyd. Uniwersytetu Jagielloriskiego, 1872-82) and Bibliografia polska XIX stulecia lata 1881-1900, 4 vols (Cracow: Spoika Ksi?garzy Polskich 1906-16; reprinted New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation and Warsaw: PWN 1964 - 65). A revised second edition under the editorship of the author’s grandson, also named Karol Estreicher, that combines the above and adds much new data is presently being published: Karol Estreicher, Bibliografia polska XIX stulecia, vols. I-XII [A through J] 2nd rev. ed. (Cracow: Wyd. Uniwersytetu Jagielloriskiego 1959-79).
Estreicher’s original Bibliografia Polska was continued by him and his son Stanislaw Estreicher to include all books published between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries, vols XII-XXXIII [A through Y] (Cracow: Wyd. Uniwersytetu Jagielloriskiego 1891-1939; reprinted New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation and Warsaw: PWN 1964- 65), although these volumes contain few Ukrainian or Old Slavonic titles.
32 lul’ian lavorskii, Materialy po galitsko-russkoi bibliografii (L’viv: Izd. ‘Zhivoe Slovo’ 1924);
V.R.
Vavrik, “Spravka o russkom dvizhenii na Galitskoi Rusi s bibliografioi za 1929 god,” Vremennik: nauchno-literaturnye zapiski L'vovskogo Stavropigiona na 1931 god (L’viv 1931), pp. 96-112; idem, “Galitsko-russkaia bibliografiia za 1930 god,” ibid. (1932), pp. 94- 96; “za 1931 god,” ibid. (1933), pp. 97-101; “za 1932 god,” ibid. (1934), pp. 76-80; “za 1933 god,” ibid. (1935), pp. 114-117.For Ukrainian-language works published in 1937 and 1938, see Bohdan Romanenchuk, “Bibliohrafiia,” Ukralns’ka knyha, I, 2-5, 7-10 (L’viv 1937), pp. 62-64, 87-90, 119-128, 183-193, 210-218; II, 2, 4, 9-10 (1938), pp. 46-53, 75-80, 130-148; and III, 1 (1939), pp. 16-26.
33 Urz^dowy wykaz druk6w wydanych w Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej i drukow polskich lub Polski dotyczqcych, wydanych zagranicQ, 12 vols (Warsaw: Ministerstwo Wyznari Religijnych i Oswiecenia Publicznego and Biblioteka Narodowa Jrizefa Pilsudskiego 1929-39).
34 See the sections “Ukrairicy” and “Starorusini” in Piotr Grzegorczyk. “Bibljografija dotyczjca mniejszosci narodowych w Polsce za 1929 r.,” Sprawy Narodowosciowe, IV, 1 (Warsaw 1930), pp. 141-156; “za 1930,” V, 1 (1931), pp. 165-187; “za 1931,” VI, 1 (1932), pp. 145-165; “za 1932,” VII, 1 (1933), pp. 151-165; “za 1933,” VIII, 2-3 lists all books appearing in the Ukrainian SSR and arranges them according to publishing houses, including those in the Galician cities of L’viv and Ivano- Frankivs’k (formerly Stanyslaviv).[31] [32]
Periodicals were first published by Ukrainians in Galicia in 1848, and there are some bibliographies for this important historical source. Besides the annotated listings for all Galician serials before 1893 found in Levyts’kyi’s bibliography,[33] Varfolomii Ihnatiienko has prepared a bibliography for the first century of the Ukrainian press (1816 to 1916), most of whose 579 chronologically arranged titles orginate from Galicia or Vienna (i.e. for Galicia).[34] Communist periodicals from the interwar years and the post-1945 period are listed in a study by laroslav Dashkevych and in a bibliography of the Soviet Ukrainian press.[35]
Subject bibliographies
The second group of bibliographies comprises those that list works about a specific subject or historical period, such as the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen Organization active during World War I;39 the publications of the influential Galician cultural society Prosvita;40 the Lemkian region;41 and the cities and regions of L’viv, Stanyslaviv, and Przemysl.42 The bibliographies on Ukrainian church history by Isydor Patrylo and on the monastic order of St Basil the Great each include several sections devoted largely or wholly to Galicia.43 There are also two bibliographies of Ukrainian memoirs, many of which are by Galician authors or are about the region.44
There are also bibliographies representing certain historical schools.
For older Polish writings, the multivolume guide by Ludwik Finkel has some sections dealing with eastern Galicia,45 but the most comprehensive coverage is given by39 Petro Zlenko, Zymovyi pokhid: materiialy dlia bibliohrafichnoho pokazhchyka (Prague 1935); idem, Ukrains’ki Sichovi Stril’tsi: materiialy dlia bibliografichnoho pokazhchyka (Warsaw: Ukrains’ke voienno-istorychne tov. 1935); Stepan Ripets’kyi, Bibliohrafiia dzherel do istorii Ukrains’kykh Sichovykh Stril'tsiv (New York: Vydavnycha Komisiia Bratstva USS 1965).
40 Ivan Kalynovych, Spys vydan' Tovarystva 'Prosvita' u L’vovi 1868-1924 (L’viv: TP 1926).
41 Marian Jurkowski, “Lemkowszczyzna (materiaiy do bibliografii),” Slavia Orientalis, XI, 4 (Warsaw 1962), pp. 525-536, reprinted as J. Kozlowski, “Lemkowszczyzna,” Annals of the World Lemkos' Federation, II (Camillus, NY 1975), pp. 240-254.
42 There is an excellent historiographical analysis of the earlier literature on L’viv in Lucja Charewiczowa, Historiografia i milosnictwo Lwowa, Biblioteka Lwowska, vol. XXXVII (L’viv 1938). For Soviet literature, see E.M. Lazeba and T.O. Vorobiova, 700 rokiv m. L'vova: bibliohrafichnyi pokazhchyk literatury (L’viv: L’vivs’ka biblioteka AN URSR, viddil bibliohrafii 1956), and the annual Sotsialistychna L’vivshchyna: bibliohrafichnyi pokazhchyk literatury [1951-1958?] (L’viv: L’vivs’ka biblioteka AN URSR, viddil bibliohrafii 1953-56) and lu.M. Hraidans, ed., Radians'ka L’vivshchyna: rekomendatsiinyi pokazhchyk literatury [for 1945 through 1958] (L’viv: L’vivs’ka derzhavna oblasna biblioteka im. la. Halana 1971), followed by the annual with the subtitle: bibliohrafichnyi pokazhchyk literatury pro oblast’ [for 1969 through 1977] (L’viv 1972-79).
On Stanyslaviv and Przemysl, see Stanislavshchyna v mynulomu i teper: korotkyi spisok literatury (Stanislav 1957); and Zdzislaw Konieczny and Jerzy Motylewicz, Materiaiy do bibliografii dziejbw Przemysla (1944-1974) (Przemysl: Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne, Oddzial w Przemyslu 1976).
43 Isydor I. Patrylo, Dzherela i bibliohrafiia istoriia ukrains'koi' tserkvy, Analecta OSBM, series II, sectio I: Opera, vol. XXXIII (Rome 1975), first published in Analecta OSBM, series II, sectio II, vols VIII and IX (Rome 1973-74), pp. 305-434 and 325-549; Mykhailo Vavryk, “Bibliohrafichnyi ohliad istorii Vasyliians’koho Chyna za 1935-1950 rr.,” Analecta OSBM, series II, sectio II, vol. Ill, 1-2 (Rome 1958), pp. 237-276; idem, “Bibliohrafichnyi ohliad istorii Vasyliians’koho Chyna za 1950-1970 rr.,” Analecta OSBM, series II, sectio II, vol. VII, 1-4 (Rome 1971), pp. 334-424.
44 Ivan Kalynovych, “Ukrains’ka memuarystyka 1914-1924 r.: bibliografichnyi reiester,” Stara Ukraina, IX-X (L’viv 1924), pp. 145-150; I. Chaikovs’kyi, “Nasha memuarystyka,” Naukovi zapysky Ukrains’koho tekhnichno-hospodars’koho institutu, XI (XIV) (Munich 1966), pp. 63-94, also separately.
45 Ludwik Finkel, Bibliografia historyi polskiej, 3 vols (Cracow: Komisyia Historyczna Akademii Edmund Kotodziejczyk, who lists 1004 Polish studies on all aspects of Galician “Rusini.”[36] [37] More recent Polish bibliographies contain works in all languages about Ukrainian Galicia between the years 1795 and 1945.[38] Czech-language writings on Galicia are listed in a meticulous bibliography of Czech-Ukrainian relations by Orest Zilyns’kyj.[39]
Imperial Russian and most especially Soviet literature on Galicia has been given much bibliographic attention. Nina Pashaeva has compiled a comprehensive bibliography of pre-Soviet and Soviet writings on all aspects of eastern Galicia during the Austrian period (1772-1918).[40]The most detailed coverage of Soviet literature for any period is lurko Nykyforchuk’s unannotated bibliography on the western Ukraine in the 1920s, which devotes more than 100 pages to Galicia.[41] The initial entry into eastern Galicia by the Red Army in September 1939 prompted the publication of four bibliographies listing Soviet and pre-Soviet works on the newly acquired regions.[42] There are also sections on Galicia in M.P.
Rud’s general bibliography of the Ukrainian SSR and in a bibliography of documentary collections,[43] as well as in specialized bibliographies of Soviet literature on the western Ukraine for the years 1917 to 1945,[44] 1939 to 1959,[45] World War II,[46] and on the local Communist party.[47] Galicia is also well represented in the outstanding bibliography of Fedir P. Maksymenko, which lists over 1300 works of a statistical and descriptive nature on towns, cities, and regions throughout the Ukraine.[48]