Index
abacavir 72 ablation 28 abscesses 77 accuracy, testing 8, 9 aciclovir 20, 40, 50 addictive drug users see injection drug use adenoviruses 39 adrianycin 27 advice, to patients 22
Africa
epidemiology 3 prevention strategies 103
AIDS
case definitions 12, 62 personal account 10810 albendazole 39 allopurinol 27 alpha interferon 44 amikacin 53 amphetamines 72 amphotericin B 36, 52 anaemia 201 anal disease
herpes simplex 40
tumours 29
anal sex, unprotected 101 analgesics 20, 90 anorexia 39
antenatal testing 745 anthracyclines 26 antiangiogenics 26 antibiotics 20 antibodies
beneficial effects 14 development of 13 harmful effects 14 positivity to see seroconversion tests
accuracy 8 pre-test discussions 823 pregnant women 104 understanding of prevalence 4 anticonvulsants 52, 90 antidepressants, tricyclic 90 antidiarrhoeal agents 49 antiemetics 49, P7, 92 antifungals 19, 20 antigens
tests for 8, 9-10
see also specific antigens
antiretrovirals
children 78-9 clinical effectiveness 534 counselling 85 developing countries 634 drug interactions 35, 72 drug users 712 malignancies 28 mitochondrial dysfunction 75
MTCT 75
new agents 58
plasma viral load 556 primary infection 567 resistance 10, 57 survival 21
toxicides 578
types 46 anus see anal disease anxiety see fear appetite stimulants 39 ART see antiretrovirals arterial blood gases 31 Asperfillusfumigatus 36 asymptomatic infection 18 atovaquone 32, 33, 47, 48 azithromycin 48, 53 AZT see zidovudine
B lymphocytes 13, 26 bacterial infections
children 77
developing countries 60 diarrhoea 38
IDU 69
lung 31, 34
treatment 523
see also specific bacteria/diseases
Barre-Sinoussi 7
basic fibroblast growth factor 24, 26 behaviours, risk of infection 100, 101 benzodiazepines 68, 69, 71, 90 biopsies
lymph nodes 13, 18
open lung 312
transbronchial 34, 37, 46 bisexual men 1012 bleomycin 25, 27, 28, 34 blood, for testing 11 blood donors
testing of 10
transmission to and from 59 blood gases, arterial 31 blood products 2, 105 blood transfusion 2, 105 bone marrow 26, 27, 28 boredom, risk behaviour 101 brain see central nervous system breastfeeding, MTCT 74 breath, shortness of 69 bronchoscopy
fibroeptic 31, 34 precautions 95
Campylobacter 38, 53 cancer see tumours Candida albicans 52 candidiasis
oesophageal 20
oral 19, 20, 38, 52, 77
vulvovaginal 52
cannabis 69 carbamazepine 9 0 carriers
in community 97
hospital care 96
WHO estimates 6
case definitions 12, 62
CCR5 12
CD4 T cells
activation of 16
counts
AIDS definition 1
anal cancer 29
asymptomatic infection 18 children 76, 81 classification of HIV 17 cryptosporidiosis 39, 48, 49 cytomegalovirus 37, 50 dementia 45
diarrhoea 38
monitoring infection 1415 neurological manifestations 42 non-Hodgkins lymphoma 26 P.
carinii 33, 47primary cerebral lymphoma 27 primary infection 56 prognostic indication 21 toxoplasmosis 43, 48 tuberculosis 35
fall in, after infection 13
HIV replication in 6
HIV target 12
treatment with cytokines 58
CD8 T cells
beneficial effects 14, 15
responses to CMV 51
responses to HIV 56
rise in, after infection 13 cellulitis 78
Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
AIDS-defining malignancies 23
case definition of AIDS 12, 62 classification of HIV 17, 76
Central Africa 3
central nervous system
lymphoma 27-8, 44-5
toxoplasmosis 43, 48, 61
see also neurological manifestations cerebral disease see central nervous system cervical cancer 21, 28 chemokines 12, 14 chemoprophylaxis 36 chemotherapy
cervical cancer 28
Hodgkins lymphoma 289
KS 25, 34
non-Hodgkins lymphoma 27 chest radiology 30
fungal pneumonia 36
KS 24, 34
lobar pneumonia 34
lymphocyte interstitial pneumonitis 37
P carinii 31, 32, 33, 46
ρleurally based lymphoma 36
tuberculosis 35, 60
children antenatal testing 745 clinical manifestations 76-8 diagnosis 767 epidemiology 2, 5, 756 management 7881 mother-to-child transmission 745 natural history 768 prognostic markers 78 seropositivity, KS 24 see also infants
chimpanzees 6
Chlamydia trachomatis 40 chlordiazepoxide 67 chlorhexidine 20 choice, facilitating 93 cholangitis, sclerosing 40 cholestasis 40
CHOP chemotherapy 27 cidofovir 44, 50-1 Ciprofloxacillin 53 clarithromycin 48, 53 classification
of HIV 17-18
HIV infection in children 76 lymphoma 26 of pain 89
clindamycin 32, 46, 47, 48 clinical aspects 12
children 76-8 developing countries 60-2 clinical waste 97 clofazimine 53 clonazepam 90 clonidine 90
Clostridium difficile 39 clotrimazole 20 clotted blood, for testing 11 CMV see cytomegalovirus co-codamol 89 co-dydramol 89 co-receρtors 12 co-trimoxazole 21, 32, 33, 43, 46, 47, 48, 53, 63, 81 cocaine 72
colitis 39 colposcopy 28 combination therapy 1067
counselling 85 directly observed 71 community agencies 85 community aspects 97 complementary therapies 81 compound pains 913 computed tomography 43, 445, 48 condoms 101 confidentiality 21-2, 84 confirmatory tests 89 confrontation, drug user patients 67 consent 87 constitutional symptoms 19 contact, with drug users 66.
67 control policies 958 controlled drugs, prescriptions 68 coping strategies 83, 84, 85 core protein see ρ24| corticosteroids 47, 48 costs, of AIDS 5 cough 69 counselling being HIV positive 106 defined 82 inoculation injuries 98 linking agencies 85 need for 823 psychological issues 83 responses to results 84 skills 83 therapy 85 voluntary 104-5 worried well 85 Cryptococcal meningitis 42, 43, 52, 61 Cryptococcus neoformans 36, 42, 43 cryptosporidiosis 489, 7 7 Cryptosporidium sρρ. 39 CSF abnormalities 42, 43 cutaneous disorders see skin disorders CXCR4 12 cyclophosphamide 27 Cyclospora sp. 39 cytokines growth of KS cells 24 treatment with 58 cytomegalovirus brain 44 children 77 colitis 39 lungs 37 treatment 50, 51 cytosine arabinoside 44 cytoxic cells see CD8 cells | dexamethasone 27 diamorphine 71 diarrhoea 389 cryptosporidiosis 49 developing countries 61 IDU 69 diazepam 68, 90 diclazuril 49 didanosine 72 direcdy observed therapy 35, 72 discriminating tests 8 disinfection 97 DNA, tests for 9-10, 76 doxorubicin 25, 27, 28, 34 drug abusers see injection drug use DSPN 45 dying patients 924 education, health 99100 efavirenz 57, 72 ELISA 77 emotional support 22 encephalitis 44, 70 Encephalitozoon Intestinalis 39 encephalopathies children 78 drug users 70 see also central nervous system Entamoeba hystolytica 39 enteral nutrition 39 Enterocytozoon bienusi 39 epidemiology 15 children 745 developing countries 59 epidurals 90 epilepsy 69 |
| dacarbazine 28 dapsone 32, 35, 47, 48, 52 daunorubicin 25, 34 death children 77, 78 drug users 72 managing 867 pre-AIDS, drug users 69 decision-making, with patients 87 decontamination 97 definitions, AIDS 1-2, 62 delavirdine 35, 72 dementia 45, 69, 70 dendritic cells 12-13 dentists, transmission by 96 deoxyguanosine 50 dependency, IDU-related HIV 66 dermatitis ρruriginous 59, 60 Seborrhoeic 19, 20 developing countries 5964 ART 76 case definitions of AIDS 62 clinical aspects 602 control of STIs 105 epidemiology 3, 59 natural history 5960 public health authorities 64 staging of HIV 62, 63 developmental needs, children 81 | Epstein-Barr virus 20, 26, 27, 77 erythromycin 49 ethambutol 53 ethnic minorities, prevention strategies 103 Europe, epidemiology 4 evaluation, pain 8889, 91 excision 28 exposure-prone procedures 96 eye, CMV infection 44, 50 false results, tests 8, 13 famciclovir 20, 50 families care of children 81 counselling for 84 dying patients 93 impact on 3 fatigue 69 fear of infection 85 of pain 678 fever 69 fire hazards, IDU 66, 67 first aid 98 first aid kits 105 Aecainide 9 0 Auconazole 20, 36, 52 Aucytosine 52 Aumazenil 689 folinic acid 32, 47 |
| folliculitis 20 follow-up tests 89 foscarnet 39, 40, 50, 51 fungal infections lungs 31, 36 skin 60 treatment 51, 52 see also specific fungi/diseases furosemide 92 | herpes zoster see varicella zoster virus heterosexual transmission 4, 59, 99, 103 highly active antiretroviral therapy see HAART Histoplasma capsulation 36 HIV AIDS-defining conditions 1 origin 6 related viruses 7 tests see tests vaccine development 15-16 |
| gabapentin 90 Gallo 7 ganciclovir 39, 40, 50, 51 gastrointestinal manifestations 3841 KS 25 gay community 1001 genome sequences, tests for 910 genotypic mutations 54, 57 germ cell tumours, testicular 29 glandular fever, differential diagnosis 18 global epidemiology 25 glucocorticoids 33 glycoρyrronium 92 gp41 15 gpl20 12, 15 granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 24, 50 Guidelines on Clinical Management, DrugMisuse and Dependence 65, 68 GUM clinics 101, 104, 105 gut see gastrointestinal disorders Guthrie cards 73 | HIV infection care and pain control 86-94 children 73-81 clinical aspects 12 control policies 958 counselling 825 developing countries 59-64 development of epidemic 2-5 gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations 38-44 history and management of 17-22 immune responses 12-13, 14 injection drug use 65-72 lungs 30-7 monitoring 1415 neurological manifestations 42-5 personal account 106-7 prevention strategies 99-106 transmission see transmission treatment see management tumours in 239 see also specific diseases and (types of) pathogens |
| HAART dementia 45 fungal infections 52 immunotherapy 16 infants 79 KS 25, 26 life expectancy 4 lung disease 32 MTCT 75 PML 44 risk behaviour 100 tumours 23, 29 viral infections 51 haematological problems 201 Haemophilus influenzae 34, 69, 7 7 hairy leukoplakia 19, 20 health care workers carriers 96 transmission of HIV 2 health education 99-100 helper T cells see CD4 T cells hepatitis B disinfection 97 drug use 65 drug users 6970 hospital care 96 response to vaccination 40 hepatitis C drug use 65 drug users 40, 6970 heroin 72 herpes simplex anogenital disease 20, 40 treatment 38, 50 herpes virus-8, human 23M, 25, 29 | HIV-I developing countries 59-60 origin 6 tests 8 transmission 7 HIV-2 developing countries 59-60 origin 6 prevalence 7 progression 60 tests 8 transmission 7 West African connection 1 Hodgkins disease 28-9 home testing 9, 10 homosexual transmission 59 horizontal transmission 7 hospital care drug users 67 infection control 956 HP∖ζ cervical carcinoma 28 HTLV viruses 7 human herpes virus-8 23^4, 25, 29 human immunodeficiency virus see HIV human papilloma virus 28, 29, 40 hydrocortisone 19, 20 hyoscine 92 Iiypergammaglobulinaemia 7 7 hyperimmune bovine colostrum 49 hypertonic saline test 31 Iiypogammaglobulinaemia 75 hypoxaemia 47 IDU see injection drug use illegal drug use, on wards 67 |
| imidazole 52 immunisation 1516, 80 immunoglobulin infusions 80 response to HIV 8 (IgG) transfer to infants 75-6 immunopathology 1213 immunotherapy 16 impetigo 20 indinavir 72, 98 infants CD4 counts 76 HAART 79 P. carinii 61 transfer of IgG 756 infection see HIV infection information, for patients 11, 22, 83 injection drug use 6572 malignancies 28 management strategies 668 medical care systems 656 medical problems 6972 prevention strategies 1023 transmission by 59 inoculation injuries 96, 98 interferon 40, 44 interleukin 2 16, 58 interleukin 6 24, 26 intracranial hypertension 43 invasive tests, lung disease 312 isoniazid 35, 36, 52, 63 Isospora belli 39, 61 isosρoriasis 49 Italy, malignancies 28 itraconazole 36, 52 izoniazid 80 | IDU 69 investigations 302 KS 34-5 lymphocyte interstitial pneumonia 37 lymphoma 36 non-specific pneumonia 37 opiates 68 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 32M tuberculosis 356 lung function tests 31 lung secretions 92 lymph nodes in KS 24 Persistentgeneralisedlymphadenopathy 13, 18 Iymphadenopathy IDU 69 Persistentgeneralised 13, 18 Iymphangioma-Iike KS 24 lymphocyte interstitial pneumonia 37, 77 lymphocytes replication of virus 7 see also specific types Iymphokines 12 lymphoma children 78 gastrointestinal tract 41 Hodgkins 28-9 lung disease 30, 36 non-Hodgkins 267 primary cerebral 278, 445 lymphopenia 74, 20 macrolides 48 macrophages 1213, 26 magnetic resonance imaging 43, 445, 78 malaria 61 malignancies see tumours |
| jaundice 69 JC virus 43M | management/treatment bacterial infections 523 children 7881 |
| Kaposis sarcoma 1, 236, 29, 63 children 78 developing countries 61 drug users 70 gastrointestinal tract 41 lung disease 30, 345 ketoconazole 20, 52 KS see Kaposis syndrome KSHV see human herpes virus-8 | developing countries 634 early HIV infection 17-22 fungal infections 51, 52 IDU-related HIV 66-8 IDU-related problems 67-70 protozoal infections 469 types of 46 viral infections 49, 501 see also specific disorders and methods medazolam 71 |
| Iamivudine 57, 75, 98 lesions KS 24,25,41 PCNSL 44 Ietrazuril 49 leucopenia 32 lidocaine 90 life expectancy 3, 4 liposomes 25 liquid disinfectants 97 lung disease 307 bacterial infections 34 cancer 29, 37 children 77 cytomegalovirus 37 fungal pneumonia 36 | medical care, drug users 656 megestrol acetate 39 memory 69 meningitis, Cryptococcal 42, 43, 52, 61 methadone 68, 71, 72, 102 methotrexate 27 methylprednisolone 33 metronidazole 20 microsporidia 39, 49 monocytes 13 Montagnier 7 morphine 71, 89, 90 mortality see death; dying patients mother-to-child transmission 59, 64, 745 mouth problems 19, 20 movement-related pain 92 |
MTCT see mother-to-child transmission
| multi-drug resistant tuberculosis 36, 53 multidisciplinary teams, care of children 81 Mycobacterium spp. avium complex/avium Intracellulare 52. 53, 60, 61 children 77, 80 diarrhoea 38 neurological manifestations 42 tuberculosis see tuberculosis | p24 in diagnostic tests 9, 76 disease progression 14 paclitaxel 26 paediatric AIDS see children pain classification 88 compound 902 fear of, drug users 678 |
| naloxone 68 natural history 1722 children 76-8 in developing world 5960 nausea 912 needles exchange programmes 102 sterile packs 105 transmission by 2 Neisseria gonorrhoea 40 nelfinavir 72, 79 neonates seropositive 731 testing 745 neoplasms see tumours neurological manifestations 425 children 77 clinical approach 42 developing countries 61 opportunistic infections 43-4 neuropathic pain 90 neutropenia 201, 50 nevirapine 57, 72, 75 nociceptive pain 90 non-Hodgkins lymphoma 26-7, 29 non-invasive tests 89 lung disease 301 non-medical symptom control 88 non-nucleoside RT inhibitors 35, 52, 54, 55, 57, 72, 75 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 89, 92 nucleoside RT inhibitors 54, 55, 58, 72 nystatin 20 | management 8890 children 81 IDU-related HIV 71 in the last few days 93 movement-related 92 neuropathic 90 therapeutic approach to 9 0 palliative care 8694 paracetamol 89 partners, counselling for 84 patients consent 87 counselling 825 decision-making 87 discussing prognosis 87 general management 212 partnership with 87 testing of 1011 see also dying patients peer support 106 penicilliosis 61 Penicillium marneffei 61 pentamidine 32, 33, 46, 47 peripheral nerve disorders 45 Persistentgeneralisedlymphadenopathy 13, 18 personal accounts having AIDS 108-9 HIV antibody positive 1067 phenotypic resistance 57 phenytoin Pf 90 PHI see primary HIV infection plasma viral load ART 55-6 |
| occult bacteraemia 77 octreotide 90 oesophageal disease 25, 38 Oncostatin M 24 open lung biopsy 312 opiates lung disease 69 nociceptive pain 89 pain management 71 side effects 68, 89 toxicity 89 withdrawal from 68 withdrawal symptoms 67 opportunistic infections children 77 drug users 70 neurological manifestations 43M ρroρhylaxis 21 treatment 63 oral conditions 19, 20, 25, 38, 52, 77 orphans 3 osteomyelitis 77 oximetry 31 | non-breast-fed infants 78 platelet-derived growth factor 24 pleural effusions 35 pneumococcal infections 60, 63, 77 pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 80 Pneumocystis carinii 1 African infants 61 bacterial cause 31 chest radiograph 31 grading of severity 32 IDU-related HIV 69 pneumonitis 37 prophylaxis 27, 30, 33-4, 35 treatment 32-3, 46-8 pneumonia see lung disease pneumonitis 37 policies, control of infection 958 poliomyelitis 80 polymerase chain reaction, in tests 9, 10, 11, 43^1, 76 polyradiculopathy, CMV 44 Popovic 7 post-test counselling 831 pre-AIDS deaths 69 |
| ρre-terminal restlessness 93 pre-test discussions 823 prednisolone 27, 33 pregnancy antibody testing 104 terminations 82 prescribing controlled drugs 68 IDU 66-7 pain management 8990 prevention/risk reduction children 80, 81 counselling 83 strategies 99106 primaquine 32, 46, 47 primary CNS lymphoma 27-8, 44-5 primary HIV infection 1718 treatment 567 prognosis, discussing 87 prognostic markers 21, 78 progression HIV-2 60 IDU-related HIV 71 risk of 21 progressive multifocal Ieucoencephalopathy 43M protease inhibitors 35, 52, 54, 55, 58, 72, 79 protozoal infections 469 diarrhoea 39 ρruriginous dermatitis 59, 60 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 34 psychological responses, positive results 84 psychological support 22 psychosocial management, patients 82-5 public health programmes 64 pulmonary disease/function see lung ρyrazinamide 52 pyrimethamine 33, 48 | safe sex 7, 83, 85, 99 saline induced sputum 31, 46 saliva, in testing 9 Salmonella spp. 38, 53, 60, 77 sarcoma see Kaposis sarcoma Schistosoma mansoni 61 screening kits 8 screening tests see tests Seborrhoeic dermatitis 19, 20 sedative drugs, IDU 68 seizures 69, 78 self-test kits 10 septic arthritis 77 septicaemia, bacterial 60, 69 seroconversion 1718 development of 1 7 KS 24 neurological symptoms 42 seropositive persons counselling 83M potentially infectious 7 prevention interventions 1034 psychological responses 84 sexual transmission 2 control and testing 105 counselling 104 preventing 1001 young persons 99 sharps disposal 967 Shigella 38 shingles see varicella zoster virus SIV 7, 15 skin disorders 19-20, 60KS 24, 25 skin punctures 98 slim disease 59, 61 smoking policies, IDU 67 social effects, HIV infection 65, 66 |
| quantity/quality equation 86-7 | sodium valproate 72 sooty mangabey monkeys 6 |
| radiotherapy cervical cancer 28 KS 25 lymphoma 27 re-socialisation, IDU 67 recombinant human growth factor 39 recreational drug use anti-viral therapy 71 medical care 65, 66 medical effects 68 referrals 106 regional variation, developing countries 61 religious beliefs 94 rescue services 97 resistance, to drugs 10, 57 respiratory disease see lung retinitis, CMV 44, 50 retirement 106 retroviruses 6, 7 reverse transcriptase 6 reverse transcriptase inhibitors 54 rifabutin 35, 52, 53 rifampicin 35, 36, 52, 53, 72, 80 risk behaviour 103 ritonavir 35, 72 RNA, tests for 9-10, 76
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