Pericardial Involvement
Pericardial effusion has been reported in pediatric patients infected with HIV and even in fetuses. The prevalence of this cardiac complication may increase as the incidence of HIV infection rises in the pediatric age group.
In children, pericardial effusion has been reported in up to 26% of cases [16]. These pericardial effusions are usually small and asymptomatic. Kovacs et al. reported three cases of sudden death of infants with HIV who had symptomatic pericardial effusions, two with tamponade and one with large pericardial effusion and cardiac compromise [35]. In most cases of pericardial effusion, no established cause is found. In the published studies, there was no evidence of cardiac infection by pathogens other than HIV. Noninfectious causes such as lymphoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, or myocardial infarction have not been reported in children.
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