Dyspnea

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

Dyspnea is most commonly caused by a cardiopulmonary abnormality, such as congestive heart failure (CHF), cardiac ischemia, bronchospasm, PE, infection, mucus plugging, and aspiration.

DIAGNOSIS

History and Physical Examination

• Initial evaluation should include a review of the medical history for underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disease and a detailed history of present illness.

• A detailed cardiopulmonary examination should take place.

Diagnostic Testing

• Oxygen assessment by pulse oximetry and CXR are useful in most patients.

• Other diagnostic measures should be directed by the findings in the initial evaluation.

TREATMENT

Oxygen should be administered promptly if needed. Other therapeutic measures should be directed by the findings in the initial evaluation.