REFERENCES

1. Shardlow A, McIntyre NJ, Fraser SDS, et al. The clinical utility and cost impact of cystatin C measurement in the diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease: a primary care cohort study.

2. Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Tsukamoto Y, et al. Definition and classification of CKD. Kidney Int. 2013;3(1):19-62.

3. Daftari Besheli L, Aran S, Shagdan K, et al. Current status of nephrogenic system fibrosis. Clin Radiol. 2014;69:661-668.

4. Khwaja A. KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury. Nephron Clin Pract. 2012;120(4):c179-c184.

5. Bart BA, Goldsmith SR, Lee KL, et al. Ultrafiltration in decompensated heart failure with cardiorenal syndrome. NEngl JMed. 2012;367:2296-2304.

6. Gines P, Schrier RW. Renal failure in cirrhosis. NEngl J Med. 2009;361:1279-1290.

7. Formica RN, Aeder M, Boyle G, et al. Simultaneous liver-kidney allocation policy: a proposal to optimize appropriate utilization of scarce resources. Am J Transplant. 2016;16(3):758-766.

8. Chawla LS, Davison DL, Brasha-Mitchell E, et al. Development and standardization of a

furosemide stress test to predict the severity of acute kidney injury. Crit Care. 2013;17(5):R207.

9. Weisbord SD, Gallagher M, Jneid H, et al. Outcomes after angiography with sodium bicarbonate and acetylcysteine. NEngl JMed. 2018;378:603-614.

10. Noone D, Waters A, Pluthero FG, et al. Successful treatment of DEAP-HUS with eculizumab. Pediatr Nephrol. 2014;29:841-851.

11. Gonzalez E, Gutierrez E, Galeano C, et al. Early steroid treatment improves the recovery of renal function in patients with drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis. Kidney Int. 2008;73(8):940-946.

12. Gaudry S, Hajage D, Schortgen F, et al. Initiation strategies for renal-replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. NEngl J Med.

13. Zarbock A, Kellum JA, Schmidt C, et al. Effect of early vs delayed initiation of renal replacement therapy on mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: the ELAIN randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;315:2190-2199.

14. Lin R, McDonald G, Jolly T, et al. A systematic review of prophylactic anticoagulation in nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int Rep. 2020;5(4):435-447.

15. Stone JH, Merkel PA, Spiera R, et al. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis. NEngl JMed. 2010;363:221-232.

16. Day CJ, Cockwell P, Lipkin GW, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17(11):2011-2013.

17. Munyentwali H, Bouachi K, Audard V, et al. Rituximab is an efficient and safe treatment in adults with steroid-dependent minimal change disease. Kidney Int. 2013;83:511-516.

18. De Vriese AS, Sethi S, Nath KA, et al. Differentiating primary, genetic, and secondary FSGS in adults: a clinicopathologic approach. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018; 29(3):759-774.

19. Hoxha E, Beck LH Jr, Weich T, et al. An indirect immunofluorescence method facilitates detection of thrombospondin type I domain-containing 7A-specific antibodies in membranous nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017;28(2):520-531.

20. Schieppati A, Mosconi L, Perna A, et al. Prognosis of untreated patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. NEngl JMed. 1993;329(20):85-89.

21. Ponticelli C, Altieri P, Scolari F, et al. A randomized study comparing methylprednisolone plus chlorambucil versus methylprednisolone plus cyclophosphamide in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998;9(3):444-450.

22. Fervenza FC, Appel GB, Barbour SJ, et al. Rituximab or cyclosporine in the treatment of membranous nephropathy. NEngl JMed. 2019;381(1):36-46.

23. Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group; Gerstein HC, Miller ME, et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes.

24. Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, et al. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. NEngl J Med. 2008;358:1547-1559.

25. Tuttle KR, Brosius FC, Cavender MA, et al. SGLT2 inhibition for CKD and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: report of a scientific workshop sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;70(1):1-16.

26. Bridoux F, Carron PL, Pegourie B, et al. Effect of high-cutoff hemodialysis vs conventional hemodialysis on hemodialysis independence among patients with myeloma cast nephropathy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;318:2099-2110.

27. Sethi S, Fervenza FC. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis - a new look at an old entity. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1119-1131.

28. Daina E, Noris M, Remuzzi G. Eculizumab in a patient with dense-deposit disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1161-1163.

29. Welte T, Arnold F, Kappes J, et al. Treating C3 glomerulopathy with eculizumab. BMC Nephrol.

2018;19(1):7.

30. Lv J, Zhang H, Wong MG, et al. Effect of oral methylprednisolone on clinical outcomes in patients with IgA nephropathy: the TESTING randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;318(5): 432-442.

31. Rauen T, Eitner F, Fitzner C, et al. Intensive supportive care plus immunosuppression in IgA nephropathy. NEngl JMed. 2015;373(23):2225-2236.

32. Bajema IM, Wilhelmus S, Alpers CE, et al. Revision of the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society classification for lupus nephritis: clarification of definitions, and modified National Institutes of Health activity and chronicity indices. Kidney Int. 2018;93(4):789-796.

33. Houssiau FA, Vasconcelos C, D’Cruz D, et al. Immunosuppressive therapy in lupus nephritis: the Euro-Lupus Nephritis Trial, a randomized trial of low-dose versus high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(8):2121-2131.

34. Appel GB, Contreras G, Dooley MA, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide for induction treatment of lupus nephritis.

35. Dooley MA, Jayne D, Ginzler EM, et al. Mycophenolate versus azathioprine as maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis. NEngl J Med. 2011;365:1886-1895.

36. Rovin BH, Furie R, Latinis K, et al. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with active proliferative lupus nephritis: the Lupus Nephritis Assessment with Rituximab study. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(4):1215-1226.

37. Pagnoux C, Mahr A, Hamidou MA, et al. Azathioprine or methotrexate maintenance for ANCA- associated vasculitis. NEngl JMed. 2008;359(26):2790-2803.

38. Hiemstra TF, Walsh M, Mahr A, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil vs azathioprine for remission maintenance in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010;304(21)2381-2388.

39. Walsh M, Merkel PA, Peh CA, et al. Plasma exchange and glucocorticoids in severe ANCA- associated vasculitis. NEngl JMed. 2020;382(7):622-631.

40. Schrier RW, Abebe KZ, Perrone RD, et al. Blood pressure in early autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. NEngl JMed. 2014;371:2255-2266.

41. Torres VE, Chapman AB, Devuyst O, et al. Tolvaptan in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. NEngl JMed. 2012;367:2407-2418.

42. Torres VE, Chapman AB, Devuyst O, et al. Tolvaptan in later-stage autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. NEngl J Med. 2017;377:1930-1942.

43. Cooper BA, Branley P, Bulfone L, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of early versus late initiation of dialysis. NEngl J Med. 2010;363:609-619.

44. Parsa A, Kao WHL, Xie D, et al. APOL1 risk variants, race, and progression of chronic kidney disease. NEngl JMed. 2013;369(23):2183-2196.

45. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Blood Pressure Work Group. KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of blood pressure in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2021;99(3S):S1-S87.

46. Fried LF, Emanuele N, Zhang JH, et al. Combined angiotensin inhibition for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

47. Hultin S, Hood C, Campbell KL, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis on effects of bicarbonate therapy on kidney outcomes. Kidney Int Rep. 2020;6(3):695-705.

48. Baigent C, Landray MJ, Reith C, et al. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;377:2181-2192.

49. Wanner C, Tonelli M. KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for lipid management in CKD: summary of recommendation statements and clinical approach to the patient. Kidney Int. 2014;85(6):1303- 1309.

50. Solomon SD, Uno H, Lewis EF, et al. Erythropoietic response and outcomes in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. NEngl J Med. 2010;363:1146-1155.

51. Foley RN, Gilbertson DT, Murray T, Collins AJ. Long interdialytic interval and mortality among patients receiving hemodialysis. NEngl J Med. 2011;365:1099-1107.

52. Eknoyan G, Beck GJ, Cheung AK, et al. Effect of dialysis dose and membrane flux in maintenance hemodialysis. NEngl JMed. 2002;347:2010-2019.

53. Palevsky PM, Zhang JH, O'Connor TZ, et al. Intensity of renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. NEngl JMed. 2008;359:7-20.

54. Paniagua R, Amato D, Vbnesh E, et al. Effects of increased peritoneal clearances on mortality rates in peritoneal dialysis: ADEMEX, a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:1307-1320.

55. Li PK, Szeto CC, Piraino B, et al. ISPD peritonitis recommendations: 2016 update on prevention and treatment. Perit Dial Int. 2016;36(5):481-508.