GLOSSARY

adat perpatihmatrilineal-based customary patterns

adat temenggongbilateral-based customary patterns

akhlaketiquette; ethical conduct

akidah (Ar. ‘aqidah)religious belief

akikah (Ar.

amalan solehgood works; righteous actions

amanahsomething entrusted to someone; to be reliable, trustworthy

auratparts of the body to be covered

bahasa MalaysiaMalaysian language; Malay

baju kurunglong skirt and matching tunic

baju melayutwo-piece garment with matching pants and shirt

bangsarace; ethnic group; people

Bumiputeraindigenous people; natives

dakwah (Ar. da’wa)calling people to Islam

dasarbasic foundations and principles

dīnway of life

diyafinancial compensation for offenses against another person

fard kifayahcollective responsibility

fasakhat-fault divorce

fiqhjurisprudence

fitrahobligatory tithe due before the end of the fasting month

ghararuncertainty

hadhanahchild custody

hadithProphetic Traditions

halalpermitted

hambaslave; servant

haramforbidden

harta sepencarianjoint marital assets

hidayahdivine guidance

hikmahwisdom

ḥirābahighway robbery; banditry

hudud (Ar. ḥudūd)penalties fixed by the Qur’an and hadith; ethical limits

hukum syarakIslamic law

‘ibādāh (M. ibadah)religious worship

‘iddahthree-month period after divorce

ijtihad (Ar. ijtihād)religious interpretation based on scriptures

ikhlasinner sincerity

imanIslamic faith

irtidādapostasy

islahIslamic reform

itqanskill

jenayahcriminal; crime

kadi (Ar. qaḍi)Muslim judge

kahwin paksaforced marriage

kalimatword; phrase

kebayalong traditional skirt

kenduritraditional feast

keramatsacred grave sites or shrines possessing supernatural powers

kesalahanoffense; wrong

khalifahcaliph

khalwatunmarried people of opposite sex in a secluded place; improper proximity

khutbahFriday prayer sermons

kopiahIslamic cap; skullcap

kuliah masjidreligious talks in mosques

liwatsexual relations between men

masjidmosque

mas kahwinrequired marriage gift from husband to wife

maṣlaḥah (M.

mas’uliahaccountability

maqasid shariah (Ar. maqāṣid sharī’ah)objectives of sharia

maysirspeculation

mualafMuslim convert

muamalat (Ar. mu‘āmalāt)economic matters

mudarabahprofit-sharing contract

mumaiyizage of discernment of right and wrong

munakahatmarriage and family matters

murtadapostate

musahaqahsexual relations between women

mushawarahconsultation; negotiation

muzakarahconsultation about a problem

nafkaheconomic support; maintenance

nasabdescent; inherited from family or lineage

nusyuzdisobedience

pondana man posing as a woman

pondoktraditional Islamic boarding school

qazaf (Ar. qadhf)slanderous accusation of unlawful sexual intercourse

qisas (Ar. qiṣāṣ)retaliation for offenses against persons

rasuahbribery

ribausurious interest; surplus value without a corresponding gain

riḍawholehearted consent

riddaapostasy

rojakpopular dish with assortment of vegetables and other ingredients; a varied mix of things

sabarpatience

sariqatheft

sebatcaning

shūrā (M. shura)consultation; collective deliberation

shurb khamrdrinking alcohol

silattraditional Malay martial arts

ṣukūkIslamic stocks and/or bonds

suluh (Ar. sulh)marital mediation

sunatrecommended behavior based on practices of the Prophet Muhammad

Sunnapractice of Prophet Muhammad

surauprayer hall not used for Friday congregational prayers

tajdidIslamic renewal

tajwidpronunciation of Arabic characters

takafulinsurance

takfiralleging that a person professing the religion of Islam is an infidel

talaqmale pronouncement of divorce

ta’liqcontractual marriage promises

taqwaIslamic piety

tarbiaheducation

tarekatSufi brotherhoods

taṣawwufSufism

taubatrepentance

TauhidIslamic monotheism

tauliahauthorization to perform religious instruction

ta’zir (M. takzir)discretionary punishment

telekunglong prayer cloak

tudungheadscarf

ubudiahservice to Allah

ulama (Ar. ’ulama’)Islamic scholars

umma (M. ummah)Muslim community

wajibobligatory

wakaf (Ar. waqf)Islamic religious endowments

walimale guardian

Wali Hakimjudge serving as guardian

wasaṭiyyahmiddle path; moderation

wasiatMuslim will

zakatobligatory tithe based on savings over the year

zinā (M. zina)unlawful sexual intercourse