Upholding justice is an essence in Islamic law: Muslims are encouraged to be just and fair in carrying out their affairs.
Justice in Islam goes deeper than the surface; it is a moral virtue and an attribute of human personality.[885] As being just includes putting something in its rightful place, deciding a dispute by restoring any losses is one of the main features and objectives of Islamic law.
The three categorizations of crimes and punishments under Islamic criminal law include hudud, qisas and ta‘zir.[886] Previous research in this area has highlighted the similarities between qisas and restorative justice.[887] Nevertheless, analysis of the principles of Islamic criminal law uncovers the fact that some principles applicable in hudud and ta‘zir are also found to be restorative.
Some of the principles include treating the victim as a stakeholder who is given the authority to decide on treatment and punishment of the offender. The community is also regarded as a stakeholder, but the role actually begins even before a crime is committed and continues after that. Other interesting principles of Islamic criminal law include pardon (al-‘afw), compensation (ad-diyyah), repentance (at-tawbah), reconciliation and negotiation (as-sulh) and repentance (at-tawbah). Below are brief discussions on these principles.
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