Cognitive Impairments
Cognitive impairments are common in CP. It is difficult to make generalizations about the specific relationship of CP and cognitive function because CP is a heterogeneous disorder and the available literature often does not differentiate between the various types.
In addition, assessment of intellectual functioning can be difficult in patients with severe motor and communication difficulties, which may lead to an underestimation of cognitive function. An overestimation of cognitive function can occur in patients who are socially responsive. The overall frequency of mental retardation, defined as an IQ score of 69 or below, is reported to be 50% to 70% (43). In general, patients with more severe neuromuscular impairments are at greater risk for cognitive impairments, but some patients with severe motor impairments can have normal cognition. For example, a patient with athetosis secondary to a discrete lesion in the basal ganglion is likely to have normal intelligence. It is important to attempt an accurate assessment of intelligence in order to assist in appropriate educational and vocational plans.
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