ESOPHAGEAL DISORDERS

Esophagus propels the swallowed food from oropharynx to stomach by peristaltic activity, as well as prevents regurgitation of gastric contents by tight closure of lower esophageal sphincter at rest. A sharp angulation between lower esophagus and gastric fundus also prevents regurgitation.

In newborns, developmental incompetence of lower esophageal sphincter and relative straightening of gastroesophageal junction may lead to transient gastro­esophageal reflux, which improves with age.

Dysphagia, odynophagia and vomiting or regurgitation of gastric contents are common presentations in eso­phageal disorders.

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