Fibromyalgia

The etiology of fibromyalgia in children and adoles­cents is unclear.

Clinical Characteristics. Diffuse musculoskeletal pain involving the neck, back, and upper and lower extrem­ities is common in fibromyalgia in children and ado­lescents.

Diagnostics. Polysomnography is frequently posi­tive while other tests are negative (369). There is an increase in children whose mother has the condition; this may be cultural rather than genetic. Females are more affected, and the onset ranges from around 11.5 to 15 years. Children with fibromyalgia can have fewer trigger points than adults, although the exact number is uncertain.

Treatment. Education and psychological interventions are the first line of treatment.