Contents
Chapter 1. Advances in Assessments for Legal Competencies................................................................................................................ 1
Legal Competencies...........................................................................
2Legal Competencies in the Criminal Process....................................... 3
Legal Competencies in Civil Cases........................................... 7
Summary........................................................................................... 9
Improving Evaluations for Legal
Competencies: How FarHaveWeCome?................................ 10
Ignorance and Irrelevance................................................................. 12
Intrusion.......................................................................................... 15
Insufficiency and Incredibility........................................................... 17
The Value of a Conceptual Model..................................................... 19
Chapter 2. Legally Relevant Assessments for
Legal Competencies.................................................................................... 21
Introduction..................................................................................... 22
Five Components of Legal Competencies........................................... 23
Functional Component...................................................................... 23
Causal Component........................................................................... 29
Interactive Component...................................................................... 32
Judgmental and Dispositional Components.......................................... 36
Summary...........................................................................................
39Chapter 3. Empirical Assessments for Legal Competencies........ 41
Forensic Assessment Instruments........................................................ 42
Objectives of Forensic Assessment Instruments................................... 43
The Need for Evaluation of Forensic Assessment Instruments. 47
Standards for Forensic Assessment Instruments................................... 49
Conceptual Basis: Defining Legally Relevant
Functional Abilities.................................................................................. 50
Psychometric Development................................................................ 55
Construct Validation.......................................................................... 59
Predictive or Classificatory Utility...................................................... 61
Potential for Expressing Person-Situation Congruency......................... 63
Orientation to the Instrument Reviews................................................. 64
Discovery and Selection of the Instruments......................................... 64
Purposes and Outline of the Review Chapters...................................... 65
Chapter 4. Competence to Stand Trial.......................................... 69
The Competence Question.................................................................. 69
Law and Current Practice................................................................... 70
From Legal Standard to Forensic Assessment...................................... 82
Review of Forensic Assessment Instruments....................................... 89
MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool-Criminal
Adjudication (MacCAT-CA).................................................................... 90
FitnessInterviewTest—Revised(FIT-R).............................................. 101
Competence Assessment for Standing Trial for
Defendants with Mental Retardation (CAST-MR)......................................
108Georgia Court Competence Test—Mississippi State
Hospital (GCCT-MSH)........................................................................... 115
Competence to Stand Trial Assessment Instrument (CAI)................... 121
Competence Screening Test (CST).................................................... 130
CurrentStatus of The Field................................................................ 139
Research Directions......................................................................... 139
Clinical Application......................................................................... 145
Chapter 5. Waiver of Rights to Silence and Legal Counsel...... 149
The Competence Question................................................................ 149
Law and Current Practice................................................................................. 150
From Legal Standard to Forensic Assessment................................................. 157
Review of Forensic Assessment Instruments.................................................. 163
Comprehension of Miranda Rights (CMR)...................................................... 164
Comprehension of Miranda Rights—Recognition (CMR-R).... 173
Comprehension of Miranda Vocabulary (CMV)............................................. 177
Function of Rights in Interrogation (FRI)........................................................ 181
Current Status of the Field............................................................................... 186
Research Directions.......................................................................................... 187
Clinical Application......................................................................................... 190
Chapter 6. Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity.................................. 193
Randy Borum
TheCompetenceQuestion.................................................................................
193Law and Current Practice................................................................................. 195
From Legal Standard to Forensic Assessment.................................................. 203
Review of Forensic Assessment Instruments................................................... 209
Mental State at the Time of the Offense Screening
Evaluation (MSE)..................................................................................................... 209
Rogers Criminal Responsibility Assessment Scales (R-CRAS).. 216
Current Status of the Field................................................................................ 223
Research Directions........................................................................................... 223
Clinical Application.......................................................................................... 225
Chapter 7. Parenting Capacity.............................................................. 229
Randy K. Otto and John F. Edens
The Competence Question................................................................................ 229
Abuse, Neglect, and Termination of Parental Rights....................................... 230
Divorce and Custody......................................................................................... 231
Law and Current Practice.................................................................................. 232
From Legal Standard to Forensic Assessment.................................................. 250
Review of Forensic Assessment Instruments................................................... 258
Ackerman-Schoendorf Scales for Parent Evaluation of
Custody(ASPECT).................................................................................................... 258
Bricklin PerceptualScales (BPS)....................................................................... 268
Perception of Relationships Test (PORT).........................................................
274Parent Awareness Skills Survey (PASS) and Parent
Perception of Child Profile (PPCP).......................................................................... 278
Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI)............................................. 281
Parenting Stress Index (PSI)............................................................... 292
Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI)........................................ 298
Current Status of the Field................................................................. 301
Research Directions........................................................................... 301
Clinical Application........................................................................... 306
Chapter 8. Guardianship and Conservatorship......................... 309
Jennifer Moye
The Competence Question................................................................. 309
Law and Current Practice................................................................... 313
From Legal Standard to Forensic Assessment..................................... 322
Review of Forensic Assessment Instruments....................................... 331
A. IADL Instruments Based on Interview or Observation........... 334
Adult Functional Adaptive Behavior Scale (AFABS).......................... 334
Multidimensional Functional Assessment
Questionnaire (MFAQ)............................................................................ 338
Philadelphia Geriatric Center Multilevel Assessment
Inventory (MAI)...................................................................................... 346
B. Performance Based Instruments to Assess IADL's................. 352
Direct AssessmentofFunctional Status(DAFS).................................... 352
Everyday Problems Test (EPT)........................................................... 357
C. Performance Based Instruments to Assess Need for Guardian or
Conservator.............................................................................................
359Decisionmaking Instrument for Guardianship (DIG)........................... 359
FinancialCapacityInstrument(FCI)...................................................... 363
Hopemont Capacity Assessment Interview (HCAI)............................. 367
Independent Living Scales (ILS).......................................................... 369
Current Status of the Field................................................................. 378
Research Directions........................................................................... 378
Clinical Application........................................................................... 387
Chapter 9. Competence to Consent to Treatment...................... 391
The Competence Question................................................................. 391
Law and Current Practice................................................................... 393
From Legal Standard to Forensic Assessment..................................... 398
Review of Forensic Assessment Instruments....................................... 404
Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument (CCTI).......................... 405
Hopemont Capacity Assessment Interview (HCAI)............................. 412
Hopkins Competency Assessment Test (HCAT)............................... 416
MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for
Treatment (MacCAT-T)......................................................................... 421
MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for
Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR)........................................................... 429
Understanding TreatmentDisclosures(UTD)..................................... 435
Perceptions of Disorder (POD)......................................................... 440
Thinking Rationallyabout Treatment(TRAT)..................................... 447
Psychometric Development............................................................... 450
Current Status of the Field............................................................... 453
Research Directions........................................................................ 453
Clinical Application........................................................................ 458
Chapter 10. Developing and Using Forensic Assessment
Instruments.................................................................................................... 461
Developing Forensic Assessment Instruments.................................... 462
Functional Component..................................................................... 462
Causal Component.......................................................................... 469
InteractiveComponent...................................................................... 471
Judgmental and Dispositional Components....................................... 472
Using Forensic Assessment Instruments............................................ 473
Forming the Question...................................................................... 474
Selecting Assessment Methods........................................................ 474
Describing Functional Abilities........................................................ 475
Explaining Functional Deficits......................................................... 476
Making Predictions or Postdictions.................................................. 477
Stating Conclusions......................................................................... 477
ANoteonPotentialMisuse of FAIs..................................................... 478
Continuing the Improvement of Forensic Assessments...................... 479
The Conceptual Model..................................................................... 479
TheFutureofFAIs............................................................................. 480
References................................................................................... 483
Legal Citations........................................................................... 515
Subject Index................................................................................ 529
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