CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS                                                                  XI

INTRODUCTION                                                                                     I

Introduction                                                                             13

1.     The senatorial court under the Julio-Claudians                           17

2.     The senatorial court from the Flavians to the Severans               43

3.     Emperor, governors, and delegated jurisdiction                          65

Conclusion                                                                              99

PART II. THE DUAL-PENALTY SYSTEM

4.     Penalties and the treatment of the accused                               103

5.     Hadrian and the evolution of the dual-penalty system               153

6.     The legal basis of the dual-penalty system                               173

PART III. THE CIVIL SUIT

7.     The praetor                                                                            181

8.     The judge                                                                               207

PART IV. THE HONESTIORES

9.     The vocabulary of privilege                                                    221

10.     Privileged groups                                                                  234

11.     Citizens and honestiores                                                       260

12.     Differences in rank and the value of legal privilege 272

Conclusion                                                                             277

BIBLIOGRAPHY                                                                                 281

INDEXES                                                                                              289