Inde
acceptilatio, 324—5
accession, 216, 218n, 221-31
land to land, of, 225-7
modern law, in, 231 moveables to land, of, 165n, 198n,
222-5, 367
moveables to moveables, of, 227-31, 237n, 366
nature and scope, 221-2
Accursian Gloss see Glossa Ordinaria
Accursius, 75
Acquisition
civil law and natural law modes of, 194 derivative, 194-215 original, 216-43
actio (action)
ad exhibendum, 190, 224-5, 230, 359 ad supplendam legitimam portionem, 311 adiecticiae qualitiatis, 150-5 aquae pluviae arcendae, 169, 227 bonaefidei, 334n bonorum raptorum, 422 communi dividundo, 171-2 commodati, 347 commodati contraria, 349 conducti, 368 confessoria, 255, 257, 266 de dolo, 381, 423 de in rem verso, 153-4 de pastu, 425 de pauperie, 425-6 de peculio, 153 de tigni iniuncto, 225 depositi, 349 depositi contraria, 349 empti, 358, 359, 360, 362, 363 ex stipulatu, 342 exercitoria, 151 familiae erciscundae, 172 fiduciae, 271 finium regundorum, 170 furti (action for theft), 190, 417-22 furti non exhibiti, 420 in factum, 51, 230, 264, 387, 389, 395, 424, 440n
iniuriarum see iniuria institoria, 151, 372n iudicati, 36, 41 legis Aquiliae, 387; see also Aquilian liability locati, 368 mandati contraria, 373 mandati directa, 373 metus, 206-7, 424 negatoria, 169, 255, 257, 266, 408n personal, 161-3 pigneraticia, 272 praescriptis verbis, 344n, 380 pro socio, 376 prohibiti furti, 420 Publiciana, 185-6, 201, 239, 243 quanti minoris, 361, 363, 364 quod iussu, 151 quod metus causa, 424 real, 161-3 redhibitoria, 361 rei uxoriae, 146 Serviana, 275
actio (action) (cont.) stricti iuris, 334n tributoria, 154-5 utilis, 51, 231n, 255n, 285n, 387, 398 venditi, 364
vi bonorum raptorum, 422 actions, law of, 29-45, 60, 86, 93;
see also actio; institutional scheme adiudicatio, 38, 39 adoptio see adoption adoption, 123-5, 139-40, 285 adpromissio, 277-8 adrogatio see adoption adstipulatio, 278, 388 advocate (Roman), 30-1, 32, 43, 369, 371 advocate (Scots), 57, 84, 85, 88, 89 aedile, 10-11, 55, 361-3, 426; see also edict, aediles’ aemulatio vicini, 167-8 aestimatum, 381 affectio maritalis, 140-1, 145 affront see iniuria ager publicus, 16 alieni iuris, 96-7, 116-27, 140, 144n, 152n,148 alluvion, 225-7 animal
as res mancipi/nec mancipi, 198 defects in, 361-2, 363 domestic and wild, 218-19 liability for injury caused by, 425-6 liability for injury to, 388-90; see also
Aquilian liability, theft ownership of, 167, 228, 217-21, 261 sacrifice of, 8n antichresis, 272 Antoninus Pius, 21, 108 appeals, 36, 41, 42, 44, 58-9; see also quasi-delictual liability, judge who made the case his own apud iudicem, 30, 32 Aquilian liability, 386-404, 418n, 423, 425n, 430n causation, 394-8 extensions to, 398 fault, 391-4
first chapter, 388—9
loss, 390—1
modern law and, 399—403 requirements for, 386—7, 390—8 scope, 387—90 third chapter, 389—90
arbitrator, 252, 382
similarity of judge to, 33, 42
arra, 352—3
assemblies, 7, 8-9, 11, 13, 19-20, 49-50, 52, 297; see also comitia calata, comitia centuriata, comitia curiata, concilium plebis assignation see right, personal Augustus, 18-20, 37, 42, 52, 56, 57, 109, 110, 111, 118n, 120, 121, 314, 316 marriage legislation of, 132, 134n, 135, 145, 146, 296-7
avulsion, 225-7
Azo, 75
Baldus de Ubaldis, 76
Bankton, 187, 399n, 411-12, 440 barter see permutatio
Bartolus of Sassoferrato, 76 Bell, George Joseph, 88-9, 227-8, 229-30, 337
beneficium abstinendi, 285 beneficium divisionis, 278 beneficium excussionis vel ordinis, 278 beneficium inventarii, 287 betrothal, 136-7
Bluhme, 65 bonitary ownership see ownership bonorum possessio, 290, 291-3, 298, 302, 306, 309n, 310n
bonorum venditio, 41
Britain, Britannia, 20-1, 25, 73
Caesar, Julius, 17-18, 139n, 297-8, 307n
canon law, 30, 76-8, 79, 80, 84, 85, 116n, 126, 140, 144n, 145n, 187, 283n, 327; see also Christianity; Reformation, Protestant
capacity, legal, see slave, women, children, traditio
capitis deminutio, 97, 302
Carthage, 4n, 14, 15 cautio
damni infecti, 168 Muciana, 308 usufructuaria, 263—4 censor, 10, 13, 107-8, 145n cessio bonorum, 42 children, legal capacity of, 99-100 Christianity, 21, 24-5, 61, 67, 76, 95, 108, 145, 195, 297; see also canon law; Reformation, Protestant Cicero, 12n, 31, 48, 57, 182, 186 citizenship, 4, 14, 16, 22, 96, 97, 100 Claudius, emperor, 20, 112, 131, 139, 145n
Codex, 69-70; see also First Codex Codex Gregorianus, 63 Codex Hermogenianus, 63 Codex Theodosianus, 63, 73 codicil, 305, 314, 316 coemptio, 98, 142, 144n, 296 coercion, 205-7, 333-4, 423, 424-5;
see also actio metus cognitio, procedure 30, 42-4 collatio bonorum, 291, 293 comitia calata, 124, 297 comitia centuriata, 8-9, 10, 13 comitia curiata, 7, 8, 9 Commentators, 76, 80 commixtio, 216, 237-8 commodatum, 347-9, 381 borrower’s duties, 347-8 lender’s duties, 348-9 nature and development, 347 common employment, 400-1 Common Law (English), 79, 81n, 82, 83, 314n, 323n; see also English law compensatio, 325 compromise (of an action) see transactio concilium plebis, 11-12, 13, 50 concubine, 136 condemnatio, 38, 39, 43 condictio, 34-5, 231, 313, 342, 353, 381,
421, 429-34
causa data causa non secuta, 430-1 furtiva, 421 indebiti, 430
ob turpem vel iniustam causam, 431
sine causa, 431—2
conditio si testator sine liberis decesserit, 309—10 condition in diem addictio, 336 conditions, suspensive and resolutive
see contracts; traditio confarreatio, 142, 143, 144n confusio
acquisition of ownership by, 216, 237-8
extinction of obligations by, 325 extinction of praedial servitudes by, 257 Constantine, 24-5, 273, 297, 300, 304-5, 383
constitutio Antoniniana, 22
constitutio see pronouncement, imperial constitutum debitum, 382 consul, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14
contracts, 325-84
bonae fidei, 326 causa, role of, 327-8 conditions in, suspensive and resolutive, 335-7
consensual, 352-78; see also sale, hire, mandate, partnership
error in, 328-33 formation of, 328-35 grounds of invalidity of, 328-35, 337 illegal and immoral, 334 impossible, 334-5 innominate, 380-1 invalid, implement of, 337 literal, 379-80 nature of, 325-7 perfection of, 336
real, 344-51; see also mutuum, commodatum, depositum, pledge
stricti iuris, 326 verbal see stipulatio written, 341-2, 353, 379-80 conubium, 96, 138 convicium, 407 co-ownership, 39, 171-2, 207 Corpus luris Canonici, 77 Corpus luris Civilis, 64-70 Court of Session, 85, 87-8, 299,
439n
Crassus, Marcus Licinius, 17, 18 cretio, 286-7
Crisis of the Third Century, 22-3,
62 Cujas, Jacques, 87 culpa in contrahendo, 331-3 culpa see Aquilian liability cura minorum, 130-1 curator see cura minorum
damnum
emergens, 391 fatale, 358-9 infectum, 168 see also Aquilian liability deceit, 205-7, 334, 423-4; see also actio de dolo, exceptio doli
Decretum (of Gratian) see Corpus luris Canonici
decretum see pronouncement, imperial dediticii, 113 delicts, law of, 385-427
nature and scope of, 385-6
see also Aquilian liability; iniuria; theft; robbery; slave, corruption of; deceit; coercion; animal, liability for delivery see traditio demonstratio, 39 depositum, 349-50
irregulare, 350 dictator, 11, 17n, 18 dies, 337 diffareatio, 143 Digest, 65-70
compilation of, 65-6 contents of, 68-9 interpolations in, 66-8 dignity, 406-7 Diocletian, 23-4, 25, 63, 125 disinheritance, 308-12; see also querela inofficiosi testamenti divorce, 142-3, 144-5 dolus see deceit
Dominate, 23-7 dominium see ownership Domitian, 108 donatio
inter virum et uxorem (between husband and wife), 144
inter vivos, 382-3 mortis causa, 312-13 propter nuptias, 146-7 dos see dowry dotis dictio, 339n dowry, 145-6 duress see coercion
edict aediles’, 361-3, 426 of emperor, 53, 62 on prices, 24 praetorian, 32, 38, 51-2, 58, 59, 60,
68, 405, 421, 423, 442 see also ius honorarium
Edict of Milan, 25 Edictum Perpetuum, 52 emphyteusis, 192 Empire, 18-27
England, 20, 21n, 26, 73n, 85n, 87 English law, 79, 82, 99, 236n, 314n,
327-8, 400-3, 412; see also Common Law (English) equestrian, 23 ercto non cito, 374
Erskine, John, 88, 137n, 183, 196, 212, 216n, 224n, 225, 229, 230, 265, 312, 399, 402, 411n, 432n
Etruscans, 6-7 exceptio, 40
doli, 185n, 206, 210n, 224, 235n, 276, 293n, 325, 334, 423
metus, 334, 424 execution of judgements, 36-7, 41-2, 43-4
extranei see heredes
Faculty of Advocates see advocate (Scots) familiae emptor, 298 fideicommissum, 314-16 fideiussio, 277-82 fidepromissio, 277 fiducia, 271
Fifty Decisions, 64, 70 filiusfamilias, 150-6, 116-27
First Codex, 64, 65, 70
fishing, right of, 195-6 foreshore, public rights over, 196-7 formula see formulary procedure formulary procedure, 37-42
France, 17n, 73n, 80, 84, 99, 209 fraud see deceit
freedman, 100, 112-14
furiosi, 100
Gaius (jurist), 59-60, 63; see also
institutional scheme
Gaius Gracchus, 16
Germany, 17n, 81, 99, 209, 278n, 332 gift see donatio
Glossa Ordinaria, 75
Glossators, 74-5
good faith see possession; usucapio;
contracts, bonae fidei
Gratian, 77
Great Gloss see Glossa Ordinaria
Greek (language), 21, 26, 67, 72, 303, 340 Grotius, 81, 82n
guardianship
of children, 128-9
of women, 131-2
habitatio, 260
Hadrian, 21, 52, 53, 57, 98, 104, 105, 108, 118, 239, 278, 290, 296, 315 heirs see heredes
heredes, 284-8
conditional institution of, 301
extranei, 286-8
institution of, 300-2
necessarii, 285-6
pupillary substitution of, 302 substitution of, 301-2
sui, 284-5, 288-9
sui et necessarii, 284-5
hereditatis petitio, 288, 293
possessoria, 293
Hexabiblos, 73
hire, contract of, 365-71
distinguished from sale, 365-7
locatio conductio operarum (hire of services), 369-70
locatio conductio operis (hire of a piece of work), 370—1
locatio conductio rei (hire of a thing), 367—9 nature and classification of, 365
House of Lords, 87n, 88, 99n, 399—403 Humanism, Legal, 80—1 hypothec, 274-6
imperium, 10
in iure, 30, 33-5, 38-40
in iure cessio, 198, 200-1, 251
in ius vocatio, 33, 38 infames see infamia infamia, 41, 42, 113, 129n, 100-1, 138,
349, 374, 376, 410, 424
iniuria, 101, 137, 196n, 255, 278n, 386, 405-16, 423, 425
identity of the pursuer, 137,
409- 10
injury to feelings, 409
insulting act, 405-8 intention to insult, 408-9 lack of justification, 409 liability, basis of and restrictions on,
410- 11
modern law, in, 411-15 requirements for liability for, 405-9 specification of claim, 410
insanity see furiosi
Institutes of Gaius, 59n, 60, 73
Institutes of Justinian, 69 institutional scheme, 59-60, 69, 197,
323, 379
insult see iniuria
intentio, 38-9
interdictum (interdict), 40
de itinere actuque privato, 257
de precario, 381
de vi/de vi armata, 186, 189 possessory, 187-9, 257, 266-7, 293;
see also possession, protection of
quod vi aut clam, 169
quorum bonorum, 293
Salvianum, 275
uti possidetis, 187-8
utrubi, 188
intestabiles, 101
Irnerius, 74 iudex see judge iudicis postulatio, 34 ius capiendi, 296 ius civile Flavianum, 55n ius commune, 78—9, 81, 82, 84—7, 88, 89, 91, 154, 167-8, 363, 399, 432 iusgentium, 68, 96, 103, 104, 194 ius honorarium, 50-2, 322 ius liberorum, 132, 290 ius quaesitum tertio, 327-8 ius respondendi see jurists ius tollendi, 223, 224, 225n iusiurandum liberti, 339n iusta causa see traditio; usucapio iustumpretium, 355-6
Jhering, 178-9, 182, 332 judge, 31, 32, 35-6, 41
liability of, 437-9 selection of, 35 Junian Latin, 111-13 jurists, 54-60
emergence of, 54-6 ius respondendi and, 56-7 references of Scottish courts to, 89-91 roles of, 57-9 schools of, 56
see also Sabinians, Proculians, Gaius just cause see iusta causa
Justinian, 26-7, 63-70; see also Corpus Iuris Civilis
laesio enormis, 355-6 Latin rights, 96n, 111 Law of Citations, 63 lawyers, role of, 30-1 legacy see legatum legatum, 303-8 conditional, 307-8 debiti, 307 identification of, 306-7 incertae personae, 305-6 joint, 306 optionis, 307 partitionis, 303 per damnationem, 303
per praeceptionem, 304
per vindicationem, 303, 304 revocation of, 304 sinendi modo, 304
leges Liciniae Sextiae, 12
leges regiae, 47
legis actiones, 32—7 legislation, 49-50, 52-4
legitim, 312 legitimation, 126 legitimi, 291 lenocinium, 135
Lepidus, Marcus Aemilius, 18
lex, 49-50, 52
Aebutia, 37n
Aelia Sentia, 109, 110, 112, 113
Aquilia, 386-404, 408n, 423, 425n, 430n; see also Aquilian liability
Atinia, 240
Calpurnia, 34n
Cincia, 204, 209, 383
Cornelia de iniuriis, 405n commissoria, 337
Falcidia, 301, 313, 315
Fufia Caninia, 110-11
Furia, 277
Furia testamentaria, 301, 313
Hortensia, 12
imperfecta, 203-4; see also contracts, invalid, implement of
Iulia de adulteriis coercendis, 118, 135
Iulia de maritandis ordinibus, 132n, 297
Iulia de vi privata aut publica, 189
Iulia et Plautia, 240n
Iunia, 111
Laetoria, 130
Minicia, 96
minus quam perfecta, 203-4; see also contracts, invalid, implement of
Papia Poppaea, 132n, 297
perfecta, 203-4; see also contracts, invalid, implement of
Petronia, 108
Plaetoria, 130
Poetelia, 36, 270
Rhodia de iactu, 371n, 392n
Romana Visigothorum, 73
Scribonia, 253, 256, 257
Silia, 34n
Voconia, 296, 301, 313
liberi, 291
liberty, 95; see also slavery; slave
licence see precarium
litis contestatio, 35, 40, 183, 277-8, 325, 438n longi temporis praescriptio, 241, 253, 256 longissimi temporis praescriptio see longi temporis praescriptio
Louisiana, 79, 82
Macedonian Wars, 15
mancipatio, 199-200
mandate, contract of, 371-3
duties of mandatary, 373
duties of mandator, 372-3
nature and creation of, 371-2 termination, 373
mandatum of emperor see pronouncement, imperial
mandatum, contract of see mandate, contract of
manumission, 108-12
manus iniectio, 36
manus marriage see marriage
Marcus Antonius, 18
Marcus Aurelius, 130, 144n, 189n
Marius, Gaius, 17n
marriage, 134-48
cum manu, 142-3 formation of, 136-41 legal consequences of, 142, 144 sine manu, 143-5
termination of see divorce
metus see coercion
missio in possessionem, 38, 40, 41
mixed legal systems, 82
Modestinus, 63
Monarchy, 6-10
mutuum, 344-7
borrower’s duties, 344-5 moneylending and, 346-7 nature and development of, 344-5
Natural Law, 81
navigation, right of, 195-6
negotiorum gestio, 434-5
Nero, 20n, 21, 138n, 304, 315
Netherlands, 17n, 82, 84, 88n; see also
Roman-Dutch law
nexum, 270 nominatio, 38, 39 novatio, 324, 325
Novels, 70
noxal liability, 155-6, 425
obligations, law of, 319-444 civil law, 322 natural, 322
nature and structure of, 321-3 praetorian, 322 see also right, personal obsequium, 113, 311 occupatio, 217-21
scope, 217-19 acquisition by, 219-20 modern law, in, 220-1
Octavian see Augustus operae liberales, 369n, 371 operis novi nuntiatio, 168-9
Optimates and Populares, 12n ownership; nature of, 165-6 acquisition of see acquisition bonitary, 192, 201-2 loss of, 217-18, 220 proof of, 190-1 recovery based on, 166, 189-91 relationship with possession, 173, 186-7
restrictions on, 167-71 rights arising from, 166-7 shared see co-ownership see also vindication, property
pacta (pacts), 381-2 displicentiae, 337, 381 legis commissoriae, 273; see also lex commissoria
nuda, 381-2
praetorian, 382 vestita, 381-2
Papinian, 63, 65n
pars legitima see portio legitima partnership, contract of, 373—7 modern law, in, 376—7 nature of, 373—5 remedies of partners, 376 termination, 375—6 paterfamilias
liability of, 121-2, 149-157 rights over property, 120-2 rights over the person, 117-20 see also patria potestas; paternity, proof of paternity, proof of, 122-3 patria potestas, 116-27
creation of, 122-5 nature of, 116-7 termination of, 127 see also legitimation, adoption, paterfamilias, peculium patricians and plebeians, 11-12, 13, 47-8, 49, 50 patron see freedman Paul (jurist), 63, 68 pauperies see actio de pauperie peculium, 106-7, 120-1, 151-5 adventitium, 121, 125n castrense, 121 content of, 152-3 liability based on, 151-5 of filiusfamilias, 120-1 of slave, 106-7 quasi castrense, 121 see also paterfamilias permutatio, 381 personality, legal, 95 persons, law of, 93-157; see also institutional scheme pignoris capio, 37 pignus see pledge plebeians see patricians and plebeians plebiscitum, 11, 12, 50; see also concilium plebis pledge, 271-4, 350 nature of, 271-2
parties’ rights, duties and liabilities in,
272 enforcement of, 273-4 Pompey (Gaius Pompeius Magnus), 17-18 pontifex, 12, 55, 297 pontifex maximus, 55n, 124, 297n Populares see Optimates and Populares portio legitima, 311, 312 possession, 172-89, 242
civil, 178 elements of, 173-80 good faith, in, 183-6 loss of, 180-1 mental element of, 176-80 natural, 178 nature of, 172-4 of incorporeals see quasi-possession physical element of, 174-6 protection of, 181-3, 187-9 relationship with ownership, 173, 186-7
through another, 175-6
see also traditio, interdict, usucapio postliminium, 105 postulatio see iudicis postulatio postumi, 305-6, 309-10 potestas see patria potestas Pothier, 363, 367 practicks, 85 praescriptio, 40n praetor, 11, 14
fideicommissarius, 314 peregrine, 14 remedies granted by, 40; see also interdictum
role in litigation, 30; see also legis actiones, formulary procedure urban, 14
see also ius honorarium, edict precarium, 381 priests, 5n, 7-8, 11, 12, 54-5, 142, 195n, 360n; see also pontifex, pontifex maximus princeps see Principate Principate, 18-23 privacy, 414-15
Proculians see jurists, schools of procuratio in rem suam, 324 procurator, 36, 40, 324 prodigi, 100
pronouncement, imperial, 53-4, 61, 62-3; see also Codex
property
abandoned, 217—18
corporeal, 197
divini iuris, 194—5
enemy, 218
fungible, 199
humani iuris, 194—5
immoveable, 198
incorporeal, 197
law of, 159-279
moveable, 198
public, 195
types of, 194-9
see also res, ownership, vindication
Punic Wars, 15
quaestor, 10, 14
quasi-contractual liability, 428-36 scope of, 428-9 see also unjustified enrichment;
negotiorum gestio
quasi-delictual liability, 156,
437-44
carriers by sea, innkeepers and stablekeepers, 441-4
judge who made the case his own, 437-9
nature and scope of, 437
things hung or suspended, 441 things poured or thrown, 439-40 quasi-possession, 176, 256-7,
266-7
Quebec, 79, 82, 99, 246n
querela inofficiosae donationis, 311-12 querela inofficiosi testamenti, 310-12 Quintus Mucius Scaevola, 31, 57
Reception of Roman Law, 72-91 receptum, 382, 442-3
Reformation, Protestant, 80, 84
Regiam Majestatem, 83, 84, 312n regula Catoniana, 308
rei vindicatio see vindication
replicatio, 40
Republic, 10-18
reputation, 406, 407
res iudicata, 325
res
mancipi, 198-9, 199-202 nec mancipi, 198-9, 202-14; see also property
religiosae, 195 sacrae, 195 sanctae, 195
rescriptum see pronouncement, imperial restitutio in integrum, 40 retention, 276 right, personal, 163-5
extinction of, 324-5 transfer of, 323-4 right, real, 163-5 rights in security, 269-79
nature and function of, 269-70 see also security, real; security, personal; nexum; fiducia; pledge; hypothec; retention; adpromissio; sponsio; fidepromissio; fideiussio; adstipulatio
river
ownership of, 226-7 public, 195-6 see also alluvion, right of fishing robbery, 422
Roman-Dutch law, 82, 88, 179n, 314n, 414n; see also Netherlands, South Africa, Sri Lanka
Romano-canonical procedure, 30, 77 Romulus, 5, 7, 9, 142
Sabinians see jurists, schools of sacramentum, 33-4
St Paul, 108
sale, contract of, 352-65
additional terms in, 364-5 aestimatum, 381 buyer’s duties, 364 chance, of, 354 expected thing, of, 354 formation of, 352-8 guarantee against defects, 360-4 guarantee against eviction, 359-60 price in, 355-6 risk in, 356-7 seller’s duties in, 358-64
sale, contract of (cont.)
seller’s obligation to deliver with vacant possession, 359
seller’s obligation to take care of property, 358-9
subject matter of, 353-4
transfer of ownership in, 357-8; see also traditio, mancipatio, in iure cessio Savigny, 178-9, 182 Scotland, 21, 80n; see also Scots law,
Union of the Crowns, Union of Parliaments
Scots law, 82-92, 99
influence of English law on, 82, 83, 85 87-90, 276n, 400-3, 433
institutional writers of, 60, 88-9; see also Bankton, Bell, Erskine, Stair
Reception of Roman law into, 82-91 sea and seabed, public rights over, 196 security, personal, 277-8; see also rights in security; security, real; adpromissio; sponsio; fidepromissio; fideiussio; adstipulatio security, real, 270-6; see also rights in security; security, personal; nexum; fiducia; pledge; hypothec; retention Senate, 7, 12-13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19n, 20, 23, 24, 50, 53; see also senatusconsultum senatusconsultum, 20, 50, 53
Claudianum, 105
Macedonianum, 150n, 346-7
Neronianum, 304
Orphitianum, 290
Pegasianum, 315
Silianum, 106n
Tertullianum, 290
Trebellianum, 315-6
Velleianum, 98-9 separatio bonorum, 286, 288 sequester see sequestratio sequestratio, 177, 350 services of slaves and animals, 260 servitude, personal see usufruct servitude, praedial, 244-58
creation of, 250-4 establishing or denying, 255 exercise of, 254 extinction of, 257
modern law, in, 244-5, 258
nature of, 244-5
positive, 248; negative 248
possessory protection of, 256-7 protection of, 255-7 recognised types of, 247-50 restrictions on creation of, 245-7 slave
corruption of, delictual liability for, 422-3
legal capacity of, 106-7
treatment of, 107-8, 408
see also slavery, peculium
slavery, 103-15
imposition of, 104-6
nature of, 103-4
role of, 104
end of see manumission
see also slave
Social War, 16
solutio, 324
South Africa, 82, 88; see also
Roman-Dutch law
spatium deliberandi, 286, 287 specificatio, 216, 231-7
compensation, and, 235
good faith and, 234-5
Justinianic law of, 233-4
modern law, in, 236-7
nature of, 231-2
Sabinian/Proculian dispute concerning,
232-3 ,
sponsio, 277
Sri Lanka, 82
Stair, Viscount, 85-7, 129, 130-1, 154, 179, 182-3, 196, 221, 230, 234, 238, 278, 327, 331, 400, 411
stipulatio, 339-43
enforcement, 342
nature and development of, 339-40
requirements for, 340-4
writing, use of, 341-2
Struggle of the Orders, 11-12
stuprum, 135, 136, 138
succession, 281-317
agnates, by, 289, 291
cognates, by, 291
gens, by, 289
heirs and see heredes intestate, 288-93 liberi, by, 290-1, 297 legitimi, by, 291 praetorian order of, 290-1; see also will sui heredes, by, 288-9 testate, 294-312
Twelve Tables, intestate succession under, 288-9
universal, 283-4 sui iuris, 127-32
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius, 17n superficies, 191-2
testamenti factio, 96, 295 theft, 417-22
definition of, 417-9 furtum conceptum, 420 furtum oblatum, 420 identity of the defender, 419-20 identity of the pursuer, 419 manifest and non-manifest, 420 remedies for, 420-2
Theodosius II, 63 thesaurus see treasure
things, law of, 159-444; see also institutional scheme
Tiberius Gracchus, 16 traditio, 202-14
brevi manu, 212 by permission to take possession,
211-12 capacity, requirement for, 203-4 clavium, 211 conditions, suspensive and resolutive,
205 consent, requirement for, 205-7 constitutum possessorium, by, 212-13 direct, 211 general nature of, 210 general requirements for, 202-10 identification, requirement for, 207 in Scots law, 213-14 incertae personae, 212 iusta causa, requirement for, 207-10 longa manu, 211 operation of, 210—14 symbolical, 210, 211, 213 title, requirement for, 202—3 see also possession
Trajan, 119, 301
transactio, 16 treasure, 238—9
Tribonian, 65, 69, 70 tribune, 11, 16 tutela see guardianship
Twelve Tables, 47-9
Ulpian, 63, 68
Union of the Crowns, 87 Union of Parliaments, 87
United States of America, 79, 82n, 104; see also Louisiana
unjustified enrichment, 429-34
grounds of, 430-2
modern law, in, 432-4
usucapio, 239-43
good faith and, 241 iusta causa and, 241-2 modern law, in, 242-3 nature and scope of, 239-41 possession and, 242 usufruct, 259-68
creation of, 260 exercise of, 260-6 extinction of, 267 fruits, right to, 261-2 modern law, in, 265-6 nature of, 259-60
owner’s remedies in, 263-5 preservation of substance of property, and, 262-3
protection of, 266-7
use, right to, 261
usureceptio, 241n
usus, constitution of manus marriage by, 142, 143
usus, personal servitude of, 260
Usus Modernus Pandectarum, 81
vadimonium, 38, 410n Vatican Fragments, 267 vindex, 33, 36, 38 vindication, 162, 189-90
vis maior, 371, 444
Wars of Independence, 83-4 will
comitial, 297
holograph, 300
inprocinctu, 297
institution of heir in, 300-2
mancipatory, 298 praetorian, 298-9 public, 300
revocation of, 302—3
soldier’s, 297-8
tripartite, 300
will, capacity to make, 295-7, see also testamenti factio
will, nature and role of, 294-5
see also legatum; disinheritance
women
adoption of, 124 guardianship of see guardianship legal capacity of, 97-9 succession rights of, 289, 290