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SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ANIMAL HEALTH

Companion mammals such as dogs and cats occasionally acquire infection with APMV1. Cattle, sheep, goats, horses and other equids are susceptible following experimental infection and react with antibody formation.

However, all these species do not develop signs of disease and play no role in the epidemiology of ND.

NDV- infected poultry and hobby birds that are kept outside excrete virus in large quantities and can infect free- living wild birds in the vicinity.

REFERENCES

1. Lamb, R.A., Collins, PL., Kolakowsky, D. et al. Family Paramyxoviri- dae. Virus Taxonomy Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxomomy of Viruses. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press; 2005; pp. 655-68.

2. Alexander, D.J. & Senne, D.A. Newcastle disease, other avian paramyxo-viruses, and pneumovirus infections. In: Saif, Y.M., Fadly, A.M., Glisson, J.R., McDougald, L.R., Nolan, L.K. & Swayne, D.E. (eds) Diseases of Poultry, 12th edn. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing; 2008; pp. 75-115.

3. Globig, A. Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von aviaren Influenza- und aviaren Paramyxoviren bei Wildvogeln in Deutschland. Tierarztli- che Hochschule, Dissertation; urn:nbn:de:gbv:95-93716, Hannover, Germany, 2007.

4. Lierz, M., Gobel, T. & Kaleta, E.F. Vorkommen von Chlamydophila psittaci, Falkenherpesvirus und Paramyxovirus 1 bei geschwacht oder verletzt aufge-fundenen Greifvogeln und Eulen. Tierarztliche Praxis. 2002;130K:139-44.

5. Kaleta, E.F., Alexander, D.J. & Russell, PH. The first isolation of the PMV-1 virus responsible for the current panzootic in pigeons? Avian Pathology. 1985;14:553-7.

6. Bolte, A.L., Lutz, W & Kaleta, E.F. Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von Ortho- und Paramyxovirus-bedingten Infektionen bei freilebenden Graugansen (Anser anser Linne, 1758). Zeitschrift fur Jagdwissenschaf- ten. 1997;43:48-55.

7.

Kaleta, E.F. & Baldauf, C. Newcastle disease in free-living and pet birds. In: Alexander, D.J. (ed.). Vlaams Diergeneeskd Tijdschr. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1988; pp. 197-246.

8. Beck, I., Gerlach, H., Burkhardt, E. & Kaleta, E.F. Investigation of several selected adjuvants regarding their efficacy and side effects for the production of a vaccine for parakeets to prevent a disease caused by a aramyxovirus type 3. Vaccine. 2003;21:1006-22.

9. Leighton, F.A. &, Heckert, R.A. Newcastle disease and related avian para-myxoviruses. In: Thomas, N., Hunter, N.B. & Atkinson, C.T. (eds) Infectious Diseases of Wild Birds Ames. Iowa, USA: Blackwell Publishing; 2007; pp. 3-16.

10. Russel, PH. & Alexander, D.J. Antigenic variation of Newcastle disease virus strains detected by monoclonal antibodies. Archives of Virology. 1983;75:243-53.

11. World Organisation for Animal Health. Newcastle disease. In: OIE, (ed.). Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (Mammals, Birds and Bees). Paris: OIE; 2008. pp. 576-89.

12. World Organisation for Animal Health. Newcastle disease. In: Epizoot­ies OId, (ed.) Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Paris: OIE; 2008; pp.1-13.

13. eur-lex. Council Directive 92/66, amended version, 2004. Introducing Community Measures for the Control of Newcastle Disease. OJ L. 2002;260:1-20.

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Source: Gavier-Widen D., Meredith A., Duff Paul J. (eds.). Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals and Birds in Europe. London: Wiley-Blackwell,2012. — 568 p.. 2012
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