This chapter deals with the critiques against the first and second pillars of economic policy as a discipline.
Section 2.1 tries to explain why the discipline did not pass to countries that were different from those where it was born as well as why it did not survive there. Section 2.2 sketches the preconditions for a discipline to exist and the different kinds of critiques aimed at economic policy as a discipline.
The following sections investigate the critiques, both minor (Section 2.3) and vital, addressed to the two pillars of the discipline (Section 2.4 for the first pillar, Section 2.5 for the second). The consequences of these critiques for policy attitudes - in terms of the preference for constraints and rules rather than discretionary action - are dealt with in Section 2.6. Finally, Section 2.7 links this chapter to Chapter 3, where the manner in which the first pillar was re-established and the long process for re-establishing the second pillar are analysed.2.1
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