Conclusion
As a result of the Maya's own predilection for depicting ritual violence in their art, popular consciousness has long associated the Maya with titillating acts of human sacrifice.
Undoubtedly, bloodletting, ritual combat, animal and human sacrifice, and especially the ritual killing of children should give us pause. However, we also must consider the framework within which these acts were conducted. First and foremost, sacrifice was enacted out of duty and obligation to supernatural beings, gods who sacrificed of themselves to bring about creation and order. Sacrifice also served to establish hierarchy whereby lesser beings (animals, small children, enemies) were killed for the benefit of higher-order beings (kings and gods). In that framework, the Maya were not so different from the many other societies discussed in this volume where violence is used to empower some and disenfranchise others.Nevertheless, all members of Maya society were expected to contribute body and blood. Although Maya lords and ladies may have escaped death through proxy sacrifice, they nevertheless were obliged to suffer the pain and discomfort of spilling their own blood for the greater benefit of the whole.
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