Index

Abbasid Dynasty, 101-2

Abraham, Jewish Patriarch, 83-5, 97 absence of war, 1, 16, 104, 234 “A Common Word Between Us and

You,” 229 activism, 1, 3, 6, 8, 11, 30, 72, 87,

114, 120, 135, 137-8, 141, 143,

159, 162, 165, 181-3, 199-200, 202-5, 216, 220-1, 232-4, 241, 246

Addams, Jane, 181-3 administration, 25, 27, 31-2, 49, 54,

63, 65, 69, 73, 76, 78, 100, 101, 105-6, 148, 154, 155, 159, 163, 193

Adorno, Theodore, 222, 231, 242, advocacy, 176, 233,

Afghanistan, 206, 226 affinity groups, 203, 232

Al-Andalus, 102

Al-Rashid, Harun, 101 Amphictyonic League, 38, 41 Arabization, 100-1, 221, 242 Areopagus, 39-40

aggression, 13-15, 20-22, 41, 47, 53,

64, 71, 75, 81, 213, 246 agreements, 5, 9, 22, 34, 36, 39, 42,

44, 73, 85, 98, 99, 102-3, 106, 108-10, 121, 131, 154, 179, 191, 193, 201, 208, 214, 218, 226 agriculture, 9, 18-20, 27, 36, 38, 62, 64, 72, 75, 107, 153, 162, 164, 236, 237, 242

ahimsa, 62, 186

Akhenaton (Atenism), 32-33

Al Qaeda, 229

Alexandria, 53, 88, 94 Allegory of the Cave, 45-6 alliance(s), 9, 21, 34-5, 42, 57, 58,

67, 75, 86, 98-9, 107, 120, 126, 132, 150, 151, 154-5, 155, 157, 168-9, 178-9, 188, 196, 226, 229, 244, 247 allies, 22, 34, 42, 50, 133, 150, 196 in World Wars, 179, 188, 194,

247 alter-globalization, 22 Alternative Dispute Resolution

(ADR), 177 altruism, 18, 20, 71 Amaterasu, 76-7 Amenemhet I, 32 Americanization, 221, 242 Anabaptists, 116-17 anarchy, 55, 70, 74, 121, 174, anarchism, non-violent, 174 anthropology, 6, 12, 18, 20-1, 26 Anti-Corn Law League, 136-7 anti-nuclear movements, 197,

202-6

anti-war, 6, 8, 36, 42, 47, 72, 113,

115, 115, 164, 165, 184,

199-200, 204, 231 Apartheid, 7, 211, 216-18, 247 Apostles, 88, 90-3, 115 appeasement, 10, 32, 77, 86, 191-3 Ara Pacis, 54 armies, 8, 19, 22, 26, 28, 31, 32-3,

33, 36, 41, 42, 47, 62, 64-5, 73,

78-9, 81, 83, 93, 104, 106, 108, 115, 122, 134, 160, 163-5, 167, 171, 174, 189, 200, 226, 228, Arnobius, 94 Ashoka, 7, 60-4, 73, 91, 187, 237 asylum, 21, 47 Assyria, 25-6, 34, 86 Athens, 6, 35, 39-42, 44, 74, 226,

246, Audiencas, 152 Augustus, 5, 53-5, 94 authority, 5, 22-3, 26-7, 30, 36, 49,

50, 54, 63, 66, 67, 69, 79, 85,

90-2, 98-9, 100, 100, 130, 133, 135, 142, 145, 154-5, 174, 203, 230, 240, 245 authoritarianism, 18, 39, 40-1, 70 Axis of Evil, 229

Axis Powers, 192, 194, 212

Babeuf, Francois, 170 Babylon, 7, 24-8, 86 Bakunin, Mikhail, 174 Baghdad, City of Peace, 101-2, 142 Baha’I, 141-2, 242 balance of power, 11, 122, 126-7,

182, 195-6, 240 Balkans, 157, 188 Bandung Conference, 208 barbarians, 39, 40, 94, 104, 131, 146,

158, 247

Bastiat, Frederic, 169 battles, 22-3, 34, 36, 41-2, 47-8, 50,

52-3, 55, 57, 65, 85-6, 98, 101, 102, 128, 141, 155-6, 159, 181, 193, 222, 224, 230, Belgium, 132, 135, 157, 175, 188,

189, 191, 193

Bengal, 61, 154, 240

Bentham, Jeremy, 166-7, 241

Berlin Wall, 196, 207

Bible, 88, 98

big stick diplomacy, 160-1 biology, 13, 15, 17-18, 149, 174 bishops, 93, 94, 104-6, 108, 110, 113, 203

Bismarck, Otto van, 157, 173

Bloch, Ivan, 1, 5, 138,

Bloodless Revolution, 122

Bodin, Jean, 163

Bohemia, 153, 126

Bolsheviks, 175, 187-8

Boxer Rebellion, 158-9

Brazil, 10, 144, 153, 221

British Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), 204-5

British East India Company, 154-5, 240

Brook Farm, 171

Buddhism, 4, 60-3, 69, 72-4, 76-8, 80, 91, 101, 229, 232, 244, 245 bureaucracy, 57, 65, 69, 73, 78, 81, 106

Bush, George W., 226, 229

Bushido, 80-1, 240

Byzantium, 55, 95, 99-102, 107

Caesar, 52-3, 55, 92

Caliphates, 99-102

Canaan, 83, 84-5 capitalism, 162-70, 173-5, 195, 198, 220-1

Carnegie, Andrew, 138

Carthage, 48, 50, 94

Casas, Bartolome de las, 7, 145-6, 152, 204

caste system, 7, 56-7, 59, 61-2, 187, 239

Cataline Conspiracy, 50-1

Catholicism, 92, 110, 113-14, 116-20, 145, 147, 150, 152, 191

cenobite monks, 109, 170, 244 ceremonies, 20, 80, 149, 151, 163, Chamberlain, Austen, 191 Chamberlain, Neville, 192

Chang’an (Perpetual Peace), 73, 78 Channing, Ellery, 139, 243 Charlemagne, 101, 105, 107 charter companies, 153-4

Charter of Medina, 99 Chartists, 172

Chelcicky, Peter, 115-16 chiefdoms, 56-7, 65, 74

China

Ancient, 9, 56, 63-74, 79-82

Modern, 146, 158-9, 192-3, 208, 210,212, 225,

Chomsky, Noam, 200 Christianity, 4, 10, 20, 38, 52, 55, 88-95, 96-9, 101-2, 105, 107-10, 113-18, 120, 125, 134, 142, 145, 147, 153, 170, 172, 203, 216, 229, 244

Church and State, 26, 93, 115-16 Cicero, 51, 106, 114, 128, 240, cities, 6, 9, 20-5, 35, 37, 38, 43, 45,

47, 52, 57, 86, 102, 103-5, 117,150, 213, 217 city-states

Ancient Greek, 9, 35-41

Italian, 103, 110, 112, 126, 143 citizenship, 22, 24-6, 39-40, 49-50, 52, 55, 88, 104, 113, 122, 125, 134-5, 141, 152, 225, 239 civil disobedience, 8, 36, 45, 115-16, 140-1, 186, 199, 202, 216-17, 233

civil war, 2, 25, 27, 33, 48, 50, 52-4, 72, 101, 110, 116, 117, 121, 123, 138, 198, 211, 214, 226 civilization, 21-8, 35, 39, 57, 67, 124,

131, 169, 222, 246

Clamshell Alliance, 203 clans, 39, 66-7, 70, 76, 79, 95-6 clash of civilizations, 222 class, 7, 10, 21, 24, 40, 46, 48, 66,

70, 73, 79, 93, 105-6, 115-16, 118, 122, 136-7, 149, 163, 169-74, 182, 219, 239 Clausewitz, Carl von, 3, 163 Cleisthenes, 40-1 Clemenceau, Georges, 188

Clement of Alexandria, 94-5, 238

Cobden, Richard, 136-7 coinage, 27, 55, 244

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 122 Cold War, 4, 11, 184, 195-209, 211-12, 217, 219, 223, 226

Cole, David, 176

collective bargaining, 10, 176, 240, 244

collective liability, 66

colonialism, 6-7, 10, 47, 74, 86, 106, 109, 117-20, 123, 127, 143-54, 161, 163, 165, 178, 1846, 188-9, 207-8, 213-14, 232, 240, 242

Columbus, Christopher, 144-5

Committee for Non-Violent Action (CNVA), 202,

Committee of 100, 203 Commonwealth of Nation, 184 communism, 69, 124, 173-6, 196, 198, 204, 206, 217, 226, 226 competition, 10, 16-17, 38, 110, 147, 157, 164, 167, 169, 184, 201, 206, 209, 222, 242

Comte, Auguste, 170

Concert of Europe, 156, 180 Concordat of Worms, 110

Condolence Councils, 149 conflict resolution, 44, 99, 191, 198, 208, 211, 227

Confucius, 464, 66-70, 72-3, 77-8, 80-1, 89, 239, 246,

Congress of Berlin, 156-7

Congress of Vienna, 156 conscientious objecting, 10, 115, 117, 140, 180-1, 199

conscription, 25, 49, 65, 78-9, 81, 107, 120

Constantine, 88, 93, 95 conversion, 105, 145

Cooper, Sandi, 137 cooperation, 5, 10, 13, 16-18, 21-2, 37, 39, 41, 48, 64, 75, 85, 101, 107, 131, 148, 151, 158, 164, 180, 184-5, 190-1, 194, 199, 201, 206, 208, 213-16, 222, 230, cooperatives, 170-1, 239 counter-dominant behavior, 20, 239 counter-terrorism, 229-30

Court of International Justice, 131

Covenant of peace, 83-4, 117 Covenant, New (of Christ), 89-90 crimes against peace, 213 criticism/critical dialogue, 133-4, 247, 44, 113, 223, 225, 235, 247

Cromwell, Oliver, 117, 121

Cruce, Emeric, 126-7, 245

Cuba, 145, 156, 201 culture, 2, 6, 9, 14-15, 17-18, 21, 36-8, 46, 58, 65, 69-71, 73-5, 77, 81, 92, 104, 119, 149, 167, 199, 222, 231

Cyrus II, 27

Czechowic, Marcin, 116

Czechoslovakia, 183, 191-2, 196, 225

Damascus, 99-100, 102

Dante Alighieri, 110-1

Daoism, 70-4, 77, 244

Darwin, Charles, 6, 16-18, 181 Davenant, Charles, 127

David, King of the Jews, 86-8 defenses, 9, 17, 21, 27, 39, 42, 49, 51,

56, 67, 72, 75, 80, 86, 99, 116, 128, 131-2, 154, 167, 184, 196, 201-2, 204, 205, 240 Deganawidah, The Great Peacemaker,

151

Delian League, 41-2

Delphic Oracle and League, 9, 37-8 democracy, 3, 6, 40, 44, 61, 136, 151, 173, 175, 182, 187, 198, 205, 219-20, 222-6, 232, 246

Derrida, Jacques, 219, 221 detente, 200-2, 241 deterrence, 3, 22, 34, 41, 113, 195, 197, 201-2, 228, 240, 246-7

dialogue, 44-5, 71, 77, 113, 116, 133, 186, 223, 225, 247

Dike, 35, 45-6 diplomacy, 6, 10-11, 33-4, 38-9, 42, 62, 67, 72-3, 79, 84, 105, 111-12, 114, 126-7, 129, 133, 136-7, 140, 144, 146-7, 151,

155- 6, 158, 160-1, 165, 176,

196-7, 199, 206, 213, 225, 230, 247

disarmament, 44, 135, 169, 179, 183, 190-2, 200-1, 204-6, 212,

240 discrimination, 49-50, 62, 166, 186,

215-17, 235, 242 disease, 2, 89, 149, 190, 237 dissent, 86, 163, 200, 226 dollar diplomacy, 160-1 dominator social structure, 18, 56,

243 domination, 20, 40, 51, 54, 86,

136-7, 143, 159, 186, 192, 207, 221-2, 225, 231, 242

Draco, 40

Dubois, Pierre, 106 Dunant, Henri, 128-9, 237 Dutch, 7, 10, 81, 117, 120, 128,

146-8, 150, 154, 157, 213

ecology, 20, 32, 36, 232, 240-1 economics, 1, 3, 7, 9-10, 19, 21-2,

25, 27, 30-3, 36-7, 40, 50, 54-5,

57-8, 65, 71, 73, 78, 81, 86, 96,

98, 100-1, 105, 107, 116, 122, 126-7, 131, 135-7, 146, 150, 155, 160-178, 180, 182, 184, 187-9, 193, 195-7, 199, 204, 206-9, 211-12, 215, 219-24, 230, 235, 237-9, 241-3 edicts, 25, 62, 93 education, 39, 58, 69, 74, 80, 94, 104-5, 109, 113-14, 137-8, 142, 158, 182, 200, 212, 235-6, 238-9, 244

Egypt:

Ancient, 9, 29-35, 48, 52, 62,

83-4, 99-101, 109, 241, 247 Modern, 157, 208, 214-15 Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Irenaus, 15, 21 Eightfold Path, 60-2, 245 Eighty Years War, 119-20 Einstein, Albert, 197, 261 Eisenhower, Dwight, 199, 202, 204 Elizabeth I, 126, 154

Emergency Committee of Atomic

Scientists, 197 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 139, 172 Empedocles, 43 employment, 235, 241-2 enculturation, 13, 18, 20, 104, 238 end of history, 219 enlightenment, 10, 60-1, 73, 111,

123, 133, 247 ententes, 133 Epicureanism, 51-2, 92, 244 Erasmus, 113-14, 145, 247 eremite monks, 109, 244 ethics, 37, 44, 83-4, 87, 90, 97-8,

149, 231 ethnicity, 7, 224-7 European Nuclear Disarmament

(END), 204-5 European Union, 127 evolution, 6, 9, 14-19, 21, 24, 35, 83,

181, 239 eye for an eye, 84

Fabian Society, 172, 175, 180, 185 false peacemakers, 98

Fellowship of Reconciliation, 181-2 Fengjian system, 66-8, 71-2 feudalism, 66, 102, 105-7, 125, 162,

173, 239 First World War, 1, 10, 129, 131-2,

181-2, 185-6, 188, 192-3 Five Emperors (Chinese), 64 Five Good Emperors (Roman), 54-5 Five Pillars of Islam, 96, 245 Flavian Dynasty, 54 Florence, 110, 122, 126 Fogarty, Brian, 5 food, 13-15, 17-19, 24, 35, 77, 136,

149, 220, 236-7, 247 foreigners, 25, 31, 40, 64, 81, 158-9 Foreign Enlistment Acts, 132 Forest Diplomacy, 10, 151 Fourier, Charles, 171-2 Fourteen Point Plan, 188 Fox, George, 117-18 France, 47, 52, 105-7, 112, 115, 120,

122-4, 126, 132-3, 135, 138,

148, 150, 155-7, 164, 168-9, 171, 179, 184, 188-9, 191-3, 210-1, 214-15, 243

Frankfurt School, 222

free trade, 136, 159, 164, 167-9, 188, 222

Freeze, the, 205

Friedman, Thomas, 220 French Revolution, 125, 170, 240

Fukuyama, Francis, 219, 221

Gandhi, 7, 62, 116, 141, 185-7, 202, 216-17

Garden of Eden, 87

Geneva Conventions, 128, 179 George, David Lloyd, 188 geo-social configurations, 24-5, 27,

100, 243

Germany, 3, 10, 16, 55, 77, 103-7, 114, 120, 129, 132-3, 136,

156- 9, 168-9, 171-2, 178-80, 183, 185, 188-92, 198, 203, 205, 224

Gibbon, Edward, 104

Gifts, 38, 53, 64, 66, 73, 75, 104, 147 Global Peace Index, 224, 263 globalization, 11, 219-223, 227, 232,

242

global village, 231

Gods, 5, 9-10, 21, 26-7, 29-30,

32-3, 35-8, 50-1, 54, 58, 61,

63-6, 76-7, 82-7, 89-98, 103-5, 111, 117-18, 125, 141-2, 237, 242

Golden Ages, 36, 40, 42, 55, 67, 101 Golden Rule, 89

Goodall, Jane, 12

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 206-7 government, 3, 24, 27, 29, 39, 48-9,

70-1, 75-6, 101, 110, 122, 117, 119, 121-4, 134-7, 139-40, 151-3, 155, 159, 163-4, 166, 169-72, 174-5, 180, 182-7, 189-90, 192-4, 198-202, 205-6, 210-1, 215, 217, 219, 221-4, 228-9, 231-3, 246

Gradualists, 170, 172-3, 175, 186

Great Depression, 189

Grand Design, 126

Great Peace, Ancient China, 73-4,

242

Great Peace Rebellion, 158, 242

Great Law of Peace, 151

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity

Sphere, 193

Grebel, Conrad, 116

Greco-Persian Wars, 141

Greece

Ancient, 9, 35-55, 62, 237

Modern, 198, 211

Green Party, 205

Greenpeace, 203, 241

Grotius, Hugo, 10, 128-9, 240

Group of 7 and Group of 77, 208

Habermas, Jurgen, 223

Hague Peace Conferences, 128, 178-9, 183

Hammarskjold, Doug, 215

Hammurabi, 27-8, 62

Han Dynasty, 64, 67, 69, 72-3, 75

Han Fei, 69-70

harmony, 37, 43, 56-7, 63-4, 68-72,

74, 125, 149, 151, 158, 169, 171, 20, 209

Havel, Vaclav, 225

Hayashi Razan, 81

healthcare, 235-8

Heavenly Kingdom of Peace, 158

Hegel, Fredrick, 173 hegemony, 24, 41, 56

Hellenic League, 41 henotheism, 26-7, 33, 58, 83

Heraclitus, 43

Herodotus, 43

Hesiod, 36-7, 43, 241

Heian-kyo (Capital of Peace), 79

Hideyoshi, 80

Himiko, 75-6

Hinduism, 4, 57-60, 62, 74, 154, 186-7

hippies, 200

Hippocratic Oath, 43, 237 history, 1-11, 21, 24, 28, 29-30, 35,

44, 46, 48, 56, 60, 62, 64, 77,

83, 87, 88, 91, 97, 99, 103-4, 110, 114, 124, 137, 151, 158, 160, 173, 189, 201, 218-19, 227, 233-46

historians, 1, 6, 11, 21, 24, 31-2,

40-3, 48, 50, 54, 63, 66, 79, 81,

99, 101, 125-6, 131, 133, 135, 178, 189, 192, 200, 221 Hitler, Adolf, 184, 189, 192, 246 Hittite, 22, 34, 247 Hobbes, Thomas, 5-6, 16, 121-4 Holy Alliance, 155 Holy Roman Empire, 108, 110, 116,

119-20, 150 home-base social structure, 9, 18-22,

237

Homer, 36-7 Horae, 35-6, 237 Hugo, Victor, 135-6 humanity, 4-6, 9, 14, 16-18, 21,

36-8, 43, 52, 60, 64, 69, 87, 89,

91, 95, 110-1, 113, 115, 121-2, 127, 129, 137, 140-1, 181, 201-2, 219, 232-3, 235, 239, 245

human rights, 131, 135, 187, 211-12, 218, 222-4

Hundred Schools of Thought/Peace,

67, 72 hunting-gathering, 9, 16, 18-19, 67,

75, 236 Huntington, Samuel, 221-3 Hus, Jan, 115 Hussein, Saddam, 226 Hutter, Jacob, 116

Iberian War of Succession, 144 idealism, 45

identity, 7, 22, 26, 48, 56, 70, 84,

125, 223 imperatives of peace, 2, 4, 17, 227,

236 bio-genetic, 17-18, 20, 36, 195,

202 categorical, 134, 238 cultural, 17-20, 36, 202

economic, 162

ideological, 46, 57 instinctual, 14 moral, 91

philosophical, 68 political, 112, 246 religious, 30, 245 urban, 22

imperialism, 7, 10, 92, 119, 143, 151-62, 167, 178, 185, 207, 214, 221

incentives, 50, 68, 225, 235, 246-7 independence, 27, 47, 52, 62, 120, 124, 131-2, 134, 153, 155, 156, 160, 167, 182, 184-9, 193, 198, 208, 210, 211, 213, 214-15, 225, 244

India

Ancient, 7, 9, 56-63, 74-5, 78, 239 Modern, 143-4, 147, 150, 154, 184-7, 208, 217, 224, 228

Indies, 145-8, 152, 154

Indonesia, 63, 208, 213 industrialism, 1, 10, 119, 162-178,

189, 237, 239, 242

instincts, 12-15, 17, 141, 169, 236, 240

Institute of International Law, 130 intellectuals, 3, 11, 44, 68-9, 93-4,

101,123,126,135140,172-3,

180,183,197, 200, 235, 238, 245 interdependency, 17, 21, 123, 168,

231, 234, 239, 242

International Labor Organization, 176, 190

international law, 10, 129-30, 134, 159, 166, 169, 190, 193, 212-13, 240

International Law Association, 130 International Law Commission, 212 International Peace Bureau, 138 international relations, 7, 129 International League for Peace and Liberty, 136

International and Permanent League for Peace, 137

internet, 231-2

Inter-Parliamentary Union, 131 International Workingmen’s

Association, First and Second, 174

investigation, 10, 68, 98, 210, 228-9,

235, 247

Iran, 61, 63, 99, 224, 226, 229, 247 Iraq, 7, 21, 99, 224, 225-7, 229, 231 Ireland, 147, 150, 224

Irene, 35, 51, 92-3, 101

Irenarchs, 51-2, 106

Iroquois, 147 irrigation, 19, 21, 24

Islam, 4, 8, 10, 60, 95-102, 113, 143,

199, 226, 226, 229, 245 Islamic Law of Nations, 98 Islamization, 100-1 Isocrates, 40

isolationism, 8, 79, 81, 132, 156, 181,

193, 240 isonomy, 40-2, 44, 48, 50, 62, 124,

135, 215-16, 246

Israel, 86, 99, 214-15, 224

Japan

Ancient, 5, 9-10, 63, 74-82, 105,

236, 238, 240

Modern, 132, 138, 146-7, 156,

158, 179, 184, 191-3, 213, 224 Jaspers, Karl, 9 Jay Treaty, 134 Jefferson, Thomas, 155

Jesus, 88-92, 95, 97, 109, 141, 152,

239

jihad, 98, 229

Judaism, 4, 10, 83-91, 95, 98-9, 214,

237

judges, 38, 54, 85, 87, 101, 113, 123,

129-31

just war, 51, 104, 128, 152, 240, just warfare, 128, 240 justice, 7, 25, 27, 29, 35, 37, 43-4,

68, 77, 85-8, 91, 96-7, 110, 137,

140, 146, 151, 169, 180, 198,

200, 209, 211, 215-17, 221, 237, 241-2, 244

Justices of the Peace, 106

Kalinga War, 62 kami, 76-8, 80, 82

Kant, Immanuel, 111, 133-6, 142,

239, 247 Karma, 59, 245 Kautalya, 58 Kellogg-Briand Pact, 190-1 Kelly, Petra, 205 Kennedy, John F., 200-1, 204 kentoshi, 76-7, 79 Keynes, John Maynard, 180, 189 King Jr., Martin Luther, 116, 216-18 kingdoms, 33, 36, 56-7, 62, 70, 74,

86-7, 89-91, 106-9, 113, 117, 120, 141, 158,

Kojiki, 76-7 Korea, 63, 75-8, 81, 199-200, 211,

229-30 Kushan, 73 Kropotkin, Peter, 17

Land of True Peace, 145 language, 7, 13, 18-19, 22, 26, 33,

43, 55, 57-8, 62, 73, 94, 105, 108, 125, 140, 148-9, 225, 247 Laozi, 70 La Paz, 152 Latin League, 47-8 law, 1, 3, 7, 10, 22, 27, 28, 33, 35-6,

39-40, 43-5, 49-50, 53-5, 59,

62, 66-7, 69, 71, 73, 78-9, 80,

84, 88-9, 92-3, 98, 101, 103, 108, 112, 114,-5, 117, 121-3, 125, 128-30, 132-4, 136-7, 140, 146, 148, 151-3, 155-6, 159, 163-4, 166, 172, 179, 186, 190-1, 213, 216-17, 240, 246 League of Armed Neutrality, 132 League of Nations, 10, 131, 185, 189,

194-5, 209-10, 212-14, 245 League of Peace and Power, 149, 151 Legalism, 69-73, 78, 122, 246 legitimacy, 22, 26-7, 30, 59, 66, 67,

69, 79, 85, 100, 111, 124, 144, 235, 240, 246 legislatures, 106, 122, 131, 135, 186,

205

Lenin, Vladimir, 175, 187, 189 liberalism, 122-3, 136-7, 165, 167-8,

195, 219, 221, 226

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, 228 Lincoln, Abraham, 2-3

Li Si, 69-70, 72

Livy, 1, 112 localism, 221

Locarno Pact, 190-2 Locke, John, 123-5

Louis XIV, 120, 122, 150 Luther, Martin, 113-14 Lycurgus, 39

Machiavelli, 48, 112-13, 152, 246 Magna Carta, 108

Mainau Declaration, 198 Malthus, Thomas, 168, 241 Mandate of Heaven, 66-8, 71-2, 76 Mandela, Nelson, 186, 216-18, 228 Maritime Court of Barcelona, 131 Marshall, Monty, 223

Marsilius, 111-12 Martens, George Frederic de, 129-30 Marx, Karl, 171, 173-5, 219 Marxism, 175, 188-9 mass action, 203-5

Mazarin, Cardinal, 120, 122 McBride, Sean, 229

McLuhan, Marshall, 231 media, 11, 137, 203-4, 216, 227,

231, 244 meditation, 4, 59, 61-2, 65, 77 mercantilism, 122, 162-5, 167, 169,

170, 176, 189, 207, 231, 241 Mesopotamia, 21-28, 31, 35, 55, 83,

243-4

Mencius, 68-9

Mennonites, 116-17, 120 Middle Ages, 103-109 militarism, 39, 75, 80, 92, 94, 115,

141, 165, 167-8, 182, 189, 209 Mill, James Sr. and Jr., 166-8 Minoan Peace, 37, 240 missionaries, 20, 73, 91-2, 109, 146,

148-9

Mohammed, 95-100, 102, 244

Mohism, 71-2 monarchy, 117, 121-2, 124-5, 153,

156 monasticism, 103, 108-9, 243 Monroe Doctrine, 156, 159-60, 230,

247 Montesquieu, 122-4, 128 More, Thomas, 113 Moses, 84-5 MoveOn.org, 231 Mughals, 154-5 Muste, A.J., 181, 202, 216 mutualism

socio-biological, 17 socio-economic, 174, 221 mutual aid, 17, 239 Mutually Assured Destruction

(MAD), 197 mythology, 26, 35-8, 57, 64, 92

Napoleon Bonaparte, 125, 140-1,

153, 155-6 natives, 27, 56, 100, 144-50, 152-3,

155-6, 185 Nazis, 10, 184, 189-93 negotiation, 10, 31, 34, 42, 50, 76,

84, 98-100, 102, 106, 11, 120, 130-1, 144, 147, 149, 154-5,

157- 9, 163, 165, 168, 175-9, 184, 190-1, 193, 199, 201, 210, 212, 213-15, 217, 223, 229-30 neutrality, 7, 11, 24, 58, 128, 130-33,

152, 156, 179-80, 182-3, 213-15, 240

New Harmony, 171 Nobel, Alfred, 139, 181 Nobel Peace Prize, 181, 183, 198,

207, 228

No Conscription Fellowship (NCF),

180 non-aggression, 104, 190-2, 208 Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), 11,

207- 9, 217 non-resistance, 141, 186 non-intervention, 120 non-cooperation, 49, 141, 175, 186,

196, 205, 216, 233 non-violence, 6, 8, 14, 27, 41, 44-5, 61-3, 69, 80, 89, 91-2, 93-4, 109, 114-16, 124, 130, 137, 139, 141-2, 146, 149, 161, 170-1, 173-5, 180-7, 196, 200, 202-3, 205, 207, 216-17, 220-22, 227, 231, 237, 240-1, 243, 247 non-violent direct action, 202-4, 233, 241

Nonviolence Code, 203

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 133, 196-7, 207-9, 221, 226-7, 247

nuclear weapons, 8, 11, 195, 197-8, 201-3, 212, 204-6, 228-9, 247 nutrition, 64, 235-7

oil, 184, 208, 226, 227, 241 olive branch, 38, 152

Olympics, 9, 38-9, 41

One Hundred Years’ War

“one world, one peace,” 207, 215, 248

“one world, many peaces,” 207, 215, 221

Open Door policy, 159-60, 192-3, 230, 247

Opium Wars, 158 Origen, 94-5 organisms, 16-17 Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC), 208 organized peace movement, 10, 135-42, 174, 178, 181, 202, 233, 240

Ottoman Empire, 142, 157, 179,

188

Our Lady Peace, 152

Owen, Richard, 171-2

pacification, 32, 64, 72, 76, 78, 80, 86-8, 89, 92, 94, 98, 104, 120, 145, 150, 193, 240

pacific settlement of disputes, 49, 210 pacifism, 6, 8, 31, 88-9, 92-4, 109, 115-18, 135, 137-8, 141, 148, 173, 180-3

Palestine, 93, 142, 214, 228 Panchscheel, 208

Paradise (heaven), 29-30, 36, 47, 66,

71, 87-9, 90-1, 94, 96, 103-5, 109-10

Paris Peace Conference, 136-8 Passy, Frederic, 131, 137, 169 partnership social structure, 18, 20, 56, 62, 75, 243

Pauling, Linus, 198, 245 Pax, etymology of, 48 Pax Augusta, 53-4

Pax Britannica, 8, 157, 168

Pax Dei, 105

Pax Islamica, 8, 99-101

Pax Romana, 1, 46, 49, 53-5, 88,

93-5, 246

Pax Sinica, 73

peace

at any price, doctrine, 168, 191, 241 axes of, 9

Carthaginian, 189 civilized, 21, 23-5, 27 collective, 2, 4, 7-8, 57, 71, 77, 108-9, 119, 177, 207, 236 corporeal, 235-9 culture of, 227 democratic, 220

domestic, 25, 31-2, 40, 48-50, 103,

147

heroic, 36-7

hot, 195, 197, 199, 207 individual, 2, 4-5, 177 inner, 4-5, 13, 51, 58-60, 70, 77,

84, 87, 90, 109, 139, 228, 235, 243-5

international, 107, 126-33, 135-6, 138-9, 143, 164, 168, 183, 205, 209, 210

intra-national, 106, 119-25, 136, 173, 211, 227, 240

messianic, 87-89 oppressive, 29-30, 32-3, 39-40,

72, 75, 78-9, 81, 226 parchment, 10, 192 pedagogy, 2, 20, 44, 72, 91, 137,

199, 247-8

periodicals about, 135, 180

periods of, 4, 5, 9, 14, 27, 31, 35, 37-8, 40, 42, 54, 60, 63, 73-4, 79, 99, 105, 241

principles of, 28, 33, 43, 52, 60, 62, 68, 71, 72, 80, 83, 92, 95, 116, 118, 125-6, 131, 156, 166, 168, 177, 208, 230, 231, 234-5, 245-8

research, 205, 224, 246 sanctuarial, 9, 21, 152, 235, 238-43 science of, 168

social, 2, 5-6, 13, 18, 37, 51-2, 56-7, 60, 64, 77, 90, 109, 170-1, 174, 177

socio-economic, 235, 238, 241 symbols of, 38, 45, 62, 78, 86, 90, 151, 186, 221

threats to, 229, 233, 243

unitive, 31-3, 100, 124, 241

words for, 22, 29, 35, 58, 64-5, 83, 96, 139, 204, 207

world peace, 11, 127, 130, 134, 142, 164, 167, 190, 195, 197-9,

208- 9, 211-12, 215, 221-2, 228, 233-48

peace and friendship policy, 73

Peace-Building Fund, 227

Peace Churches, 148, 180

Peace Congresses, 127, 135, 138-9, 156, 181, 183

Peace of al-Hudaybiyyah, 99

Peace of Augsburg, 119-20

Peace of Callias, 42

peace of mind, 78, 90

Peace of Nicias, 42

Peace of Westphalia, 10, 119-20, 125-6, 133

“Peace for our time,” 192

peace pipe, 10, 149

Peace Societies, 135-9, 181 peacekeeping, 24, 27, 31, 106, 164, 196-7, 213-15, 227, 232 peacemakers, 6-8, 10-11, 46, 62, 89, 98, 110-1, 120, 141, 144, 151, 168-9, 197-8, 202, 207, 228-9, 234, 236, 238, 244-5 peacemaking, 2-4, 6-16, 19-22, 25-7,

29, 35-6, 39, 43, 46-7, 49, 56-8,

73, 83, 88-9, 91, 95, 97-8, 103, 105-7, 109-10, 112, 114-15, 118-20, 123-4, 126, 133, 136, 138, 143-5, 149, 151, 154, 157, 159, 162-3, 166, 169, 174, 178, 182, 191, 209, 213-15, 218, 220, 224, 226-8, 231-4, 248 Pearson, Lester B., 215 Peasant’s Revolt, 116 Peloponnesian League, 41 People of the Book, 85, 97, 100 People of the Pact, 100 Perestroika, 206 Penn, William, 118, 127, 147-8 Persia, 41-2, 95 Petrarch, 111 Pharaohs, 30-3, 84 Philo of Alexandria, 88 philosophy, 3, 4, 9, 35, 43-6, 51, 57,

67-70, 80, 93, 113, 121, 124, 129, 140-1, 170, 180, 204, 219 physiocracy, 163-4 Plato, 39, 44-6, 104, 113, 242 plenitude, 235, 244 plowshares, 203 Poland, 116, 150, 189, 191-2, 207 politics, 3, 34-5, 155, 157, 163, 175,

186, 189, 221-2, 242 polls, 199 Polybius, 41, 50 polytheism, 10, 58-9, 62, 77, 93 popular culture, 199 Portugal, 7, 81, 107, 120, 143-4,

146-8, 150, 153-4, 157, 193 post-war, 3-4, 26-7, 33-4, 41, 183,

185, 187,, 191, 194, 219 Potonie, Edmond, 137 Power Pacts, 193 prayer, 4, 77, 95, 99, 101, 108,116 primates, 9, 12-15, 18, 239-40, 246 private law, 130 private war, 79, 105, 108 Prize Courts, 130, 138 prehistory, 4, 9, 12-21, 35, 37, 75,

237, 239, 242

Promised Land, 83-4, 87, 90, 237

Protagoras, 44 protest, 6, 25, 45, 68, 72, 90, 99,

115-16, 152, 173, 179, 181,

186-7, 189-90, 196, 199-200, 202-4, 207, 214, 216-17, 226, 231-2

Protestantism, 113-18, 120, 147, 150, 192

Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph, 174, 221 proxy wars, 198-9 public law, 130

public war, 79, 105

Pufendorf, Samuel, 129

Pugwash Conference, 198, 202, 238

Punic Wars, 48

Pyramid of Peace, 234-48

Pyrrhic victory, 48

Pythagoras, 43

Quakerism, 6, 116-18, 147-8, 182,

202

Quesnay, Francois, 164 quilombo, 153

Qur’an, 95-102

Quraysh, 95-6, 98-9

Qin Dynasty, 67, 69-70, 72, 74

Qing Dynasty, 65, 158

Quebec, 181, 225

Quietude, 235, 244

Ramses the Great, 32-4 rapprochement, 93

Reagan, Ronald, 201, 206 realpolitik, 112, 157 reason, 13, 42, 44, 46, 111, 121,

123-4, 129, 133-4, 140-1, 146 reciprocity, 13, 18, 42, 66, 68, 75, 89,

97-9, 105-6, 116, 168, 197, 205, 247

recognition, 15, 100, 105, 107, 150, 176, 235, 244-5

reconciliation, 14, 32-3, 44, 91, 110, 127, 181, 187, 218

Red Cross, 128, 237

Reformation, 114-18 refugees, 135, 153, 190, 228 reglements d’avouerie, 108 reincarnation, 59, 90

Reign of Terror, 125 religion, 3, 9, 21, 25-6, 32, 59-60,

63, 73-4, 85-6, 89, 93, 97-101, 120, 123, 142, 148, 207,

244

Renaissance, 109-114 republicanism, 5, 48-9, 53-5, 112,

117, 122, 134-5, 169, 246 respect, 33, 51, 55, 68, 80, 82, 84, 92,

100-1, 152, 187, 190, 192-3,

203, 208, 224-5, 235, 244-5 restorative behavior, 114, 240 Reublin, Wilhelm, 116 revolution, 6, 10, 24, 50, 71, 122,

124-5, 150, 153, 155, 157, 162,

164, 170-5, 179, 184, 186, 188, 193, 196, 207, 225, 236, 240, 243

Ricardo, David, 167-8, 242 rituals, 5, 14, 20, 33, 57-9, 65, 82,

86, 88, 147, 151 ritsuryo, 78 Roe, Sir Thomas, 154 rogue states, 11, 227, 229 Rolin-Jacquemyns, Gustave, 130 Romanization, 48, 50, 74, 104, 221,

242

Rome

Ancient, 5, 9, 46-55, 63, 88, 92-4,

101, 103-6, 189, 239

City of, 100, 106, 111, 112, 200 Roosevelt, Franklin, 189, 192 Roosevelt, Theodore, 138, 159, 159,

179

Roosevelt Corollary, 159-60 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 5-6, 16,

124-5

Russell, Bertrand, 180-1, 197, 203,

245

Russia, 116, 132-3, 138-41, 150, 155, 157-8, 175, 178-9, 187-8, 210, 211, 224-5

Sabines, Rape and Peace of, 47 Sainthood, 108

Saint Augustine, 94, 103-5, 109, 111, 114

Saint Cyprian, 94

Saint Francis of Assisi, 108, 184

Saint Justin, 93-4

Saint Melito, 94

Saint-Pierre, Abbe, 127

Saint-Simon, Henri, 170

sakoku, 81

samurai, 79-80, 244

SANE, National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, 204-5 sanctions, 10, 66, 71, 117, 168, 211, 217, 226, 227, 230, 247,

Sangha, 61-3, 244 sanitation, 56, 62, 171, 235-7

Satyagraha, 186-7, 202, 216

Say, Jean-Baptiste, 168

Schmalkaldic League, 120

School of Prosperous Peace, 81, 238

Schmoller, Gustav von, 169

Scramble for Africa, 157 secessionism, 224-5

Second World War, 182, 185, 187, 193, 195, 200, 202, 209, 213, 214, 226, 247

secularism, 4-5, 25, 57, 80, 106, 108, 110-1, 115, 123, 125, 142, 172, 180

security, 30, 54, 168, 184, 190, 193,

209- 12

self-determination, 120, 129, 188

Semai, 9, 20

Seneca, 52

September 11, 2001, 226, 230

Sermon on the Mount, 89

Sforza, 126,

Shang Dynasty, 65-7

Sharia, 101

shelter, 38, 235-7

Shiites, 100-1, 141, 226,

Shinto, 76-7, 81

Shoen, 79-81, 240

Shultz Doctrine, 230

Silver Rule, 68, 89

Sima Qian, 63

simple societies, 9, 20, 238

Sinicization, 74, 221, 242

Six-Fold Policy, 58

slavery, 3, 10, 24-5, 28, 30, 40, 48-9, 52, 62, 71, 84, 107, 124, 140, 145-8, 153, 190, 213

Smith, Adam, 164-6, 170

social cohesion, 17, 39, 64, 66-7, 239

social contracts, 5-6, 121, 124

Social Democratic Parties, 173, 175 social justice, 7, 35, 137, 169, 200,

215, 216-17, 221-2, 242

Social War, 50

socialism, 3, 10, 138, 162, 164, 170-7, 183, 189, 195, 198, 222, 239, 242

sociology, 5, 7, 170

Socrates, 43-6, 61, 247

Soga, 76, 78

Solomon, 86-7

Solon, 40, 246

Sophistry, 44, 134

Souleyman, Elizabeth, 164

South Africa, 181, 184-6, 211, 216-17, 247

sovereignty, 107, 120, 133, 193, 198, 210, 212, 222, 227, 240

space race, 201

Spain, 47, 101-2, 106, 108, 117, 120, 127, 138, 143-6, 150, 152, 155-6, 184, 225

Sparta, 35, 39-42, 47, 74, 114, 122, 226, 240, 247

Spencer, Herbert, 16

Sponsel, Leslie, 12, 16, 20 statecraft, 31, 58, 66, 81, 98

static dynamism, 95, 236

Stoicism, 4, 51-2, 55, 70, 244 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, 205 stratification, social, 18, 25, 57, 59,

75-6

strife, 36-7, 40, 43, 57, 59, 72, 83,

88, 117-18, 189, 220, 237, 239 strikes and lockouts, 175-6 structural violence, 25, 57, 62, 75,

107, 124, 149, 173, 185, 209, 220, 239

student activism, 170, 199, 202, 216

Suez Canal, 157, 214

subalterns, 220-1

Suijin, 76

Sumer, 22-5

Sunni, 100, 226

survival

of the fittest, 6, 16, 247

of the peaceful, 6, 12, 17, 202, 247

of humanity, 13, 15, 17-19, 22, 35, 232-3, 242, 247

sustainability, 232, 241

Suttner, Bertha von, 181

Swaraj, 187

Sweden, 120, 130, 132, 138, 150

Switzerland, 120, 132 symmachiae, 42 sympathy, 17, 127, 239, 245 syncretism, 26-7, 33, 58, 74, 77, 83,

91

Synods, 108

Syria, 99-100, 214, 215

Tacitus, 48

Taika, 78-80

Tasaday, 9, 20, 238 taxation, 100, 122 tea ceremony, 80 technology, 1, 11, 15, 25, 157, 196, 227, 231-2

Templum Pacis, 54

Tempyo, Era of Heavenly Peace, 78 Ten Commandments, 84

terrorism, 11, 174-5, 227-35, 245 Tertullian, 94

Thales, 43

Themis, 35-7

Thucydides, 40, 42-3

Thermidor, 125, 240

Thirty Years Peace, 42

Thirty Years War, 119

Thoreau, Henry, 139-40, 216

Three Sovereigns, 63-4

Tito, 5, 208, 226 tolerance, 13-14, 55, 59, 95, 100,

102, 187

Tolstoy, Leo, 116, 139-42, 174, 216 Tokugawa Peace, 81

Torah, 83-4, 87-8, 91, 97-8, 237 Transcendentalism, 139, 142, 243 transformative non-violence, 142,

186, 216, 240 transportation, 53, 76, 130, 232 treaties, 7, 34, 42, 48, 65, 67, 102,

107, 120, 129-30, 132, 134, 138,

144, 147, 150, 154, 157, 160,

169, 184-5, 198, 209, 212-13, 244

treaties, medieval, 107-8

Treaty of Alcazovas, 144

Treaty of Alliance and League, 126

Treaty of Atlantidas, 42

Treaty of Lausanne, 185

Treaty of Osnabrück, 130

Treaty of Paris, 149

Treaty of Saragossa, 144

Treaty of Tordesillas, 144

Treaty of Versailles, 189-90, 192

Treaty of Windsor, 107

Treuga Dei, 105 tributary system, 33, 57, 75, 83, 129,

247

Triple Alliance, 132

Triumvirates, 52-3

truces, 36, 28, 42, 100, 105, 111,

120, 214

Truth and Reconciliation

Commission, 218

Turkey, 63, 74, 94, 99, 102, 113, 142, 185, 225

Tutu, Desmond, 218

Twelve Tables, 49 tyranny, 40-1, 44, 54, 114, 124-5, 152-3

Umayyad Dynasty, 100-2

Unions, trade, 171-2, 175-6, 244 United Nations (UN), 7, 127, 131,

185, 187,194, 196, 198, 200-1, 208-17, 221, 225-7, 230, 245

United for Peace and Justice, 231

Universal Declaration of Human

Rights, 211

Universal Peace Congress, 138 universities, 114, 199, 238

Ur, 22-3, 83

uti possidetis, 147, 150

USSR, 11, 189-90, 195-8, 200-1,

204-6, 211-12, 220, 225-6 utilitarianism, 4, 71, 166 Utopia(n), 109, 114, 116, 145, 171,

173, 177, 240

Varros, Marcus Terentius, 52, 55 Vedic Culture, 57, 59-60, 72, 237 Vedism, 58

Vietnam, 63, 157, 199-200 villages, 9, 21-2, 24, 56-7, 75, 107, 171, 213

Visconti, Filippo, 126 Vitoria, Francisco de, 152-3 Vopiscus, Falvius, 54

walking

upright, 15-16

for peace, 62, 84, 139, 149, 202 Waal, Frans de, 13

Walras, Leon, 169

war and peace, 4, 15, 26, 41, 47, 49,

51, 64, 128-9, 138, 140-1, 154, 175, 197, 219, 231, 246

war crimes, 213 warfare, 8-9, 15-16, 19-21, 24-6,

31, 33, 37, 39, 41, 56-7, 64-5,

75, 79, 87, 91, 102, 105, 107, 109, 113, 115, 117, 127-9, 132, 138, 144, 149, 152, 160, 176, 179, 181-2, 221, 223-4, 232, 240

Warsaw Pact Organization (WPO), 196, 207, 209, 226, 247

Washington

D.C., 138, 182, 192

George, 132, 155 march on, 200 wealth disparities, 235, 243 Weddle, Meredith, 6 Weil, Simone, 183-4 weltpolitik, 157

Westphalian System, 119, 133, 210 William the Silent, 117, 120

Wilson, Woodrow, 183, 188-90

Wolff, Christian, 129, 246

Women’s Peace Party, 182

Women’s International League for

Peace and Freedom (WILPF), 183

World Social Forum, 221 wu-wei, 70-1, 244

Wycliffe, John, 115

Yahweh, 84-6, 89, 237

Yin-Yang, 70

yoga, 58

Yugoslavia, 5, 208, 226, 246

Zampaglione, Gerardo, 46

Zen, 77

zero-sum mentality, 162, 164, 207

Zhou Dynasty, 66-8, 70

Zhuangzi, 70-1

Zinn, Howard, 200

Zongfa, 66-7