Contents
4.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 54
4.2 Political and International Attention and the Need for Constitutional Advice...............
554.3 Object and Rationale of Constitutional Advice and Scrutiny Test................................... 57
4.3.1 Advice and Review: Constitutional Review in the Netherlands in Short........... 59
4.4 Actors on Constitutional Advice and the Different Nature of Advice............................. 60
4.4.1 Internal Governmental Constitutional Advice and Assessment.......................... 61
4.4.2 High Councils of State................................................................................................ 63
4.4.3 Netherlands Human Rights Institute............................................................................................. 67
4.4.4 Legal-Based Permanent Specialized Commissions............................................... 68
4.4.5 State Commissions and Other Ad Hoc (Constitutional) Advisory
Commissions.............................................................................................................................. 69
4.5 International and European Constitutional Advice.................................................................... 71
4.5.1 European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission).... 71
4.5.2 EU Fundamental Rights Agency............................................................................... 72
4.6 Focus: Advice on the Undesirable Foreign Funding of Organisations and on the Rule
of Law....................................................................................................................................... 73
4.6.1 Constitutional Advice Regarding Undesirable Foreign Funding
of Organisations...................................................................................................................... 74
4.6.2 Rule of Law and State Powers..................................................................................................................... 76
4.7 Impact and Effectiveness of Constitutional Advice Evaluated....................................... 77
4.8 Conclusion......................................................................................................................................... 79
References......................................................................................................................................... 81