Table of Cases

South African Cases

AAA Investments (Proprietary) Ltd v Micro Finance Regulatory

Council 2006 (11) BCLR 1255 (CC)...................................................... 35, 39

AB v Pridwin Preparatory School 2020 (9) BCLR 1029....................................

Allpay Consolidated Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd v Chief

Executive Officer of the South African Social Security

Agency (No 2) 2014 (6) BCLR 641 (CC)................................................ 40, 42

Bhe v Magistrate, Khayelitsha 2005 (1) SA 580 (CC)........................................ 180

Calibre Clinical Consultants (Pty) Ltd v National Bargaining

Council for the Road and Freight Industry [2010] 4 All SA 561....... 35, 43-44

Certification of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa,

1996 (10) BCLR 1253 (CC)....................................................................... 209

Daniels v Scribante 2017 (8) BCLR 949 (CC).............................................. 211-13

Du Plessis v De Klerk, 1996 (5) BCLR 658....................................... 3-4,.. 18, 55, 62,

64, 101-02, 131, 209, 212, 214 Governing Body of the Juma Musjid Primary School v Essay NO

2011 (8) BCLR 761 (CC)........................................................................... 210

Jackson v Metropolitan Edison Co 419 US 345 (1974)........................ 4,.. 17, 35-38,

40-41, 43, 82 Khumalo v Holomisa 2002 (8) BCLR 771 (CC) 41-42, 48, 210, 212

Murray v Minister of Defence 2009 (3) SA 130 (CA).................................. 145, 161

South African National Defence Union v Minister of Defence

2007 (8) BCLR 863 (CC)........................................................................... 145

Canadian Cases

David Heller v Uber Technologies 2019 ONCA 1 (Court of Appeal

for Ontario).................................................................................................

Fraser v Ontario (Attorney General) (2008) 92 OR (3d) 481

(Supreme Court of Ontario)........................................................................ 165

Health Services & Support v British Columbia [2007] 2 SCR 391.... 145,...... 150, 165

Kenya Bus Service Ltd v Attorney General [2005] KLR 788........................... 3, 214

McKinney v University of Guelph [1990] 3 SCR 229............................ 3,... 15-16, 44

Re Drummond Wren (1945) OR 778 (Ont HC).................................................... 59

RWDSU v Dolphin Delivery Ltd [1986] 2 SCR 573............................................. 49

Kenyan Cases

Agnes Nanjala William v Jacob Petrus Nicholas Vandergoes,

MSA CA Civil Appeal No 127 of 2011 (UR) (Court of Appeal

of Kenya).............................................................................................. 196-97

CMN v AWM, Environment and Land Case 208 of 2012

(High Court of Kenya)................................................................................. 196

Duncan Muriuki Kaguuru v Baobab Beach Resort and Spa Ltd,

Petition No 223 of 2012.............................................................................. 216

Federation of Women Lawyers v Attorney-General,

Petition No 164B of 2016, High Court of Kenya.................................. 196-97

Isaac Ngugi v The Nairobi Hospital, Petition No 407 of 2012........................... 216

Jemimah Wambui Ikere v Standard Group Ltd, Petition

No 466 of 2012........................................................................................... 216

Kenya Bus Service Ltd v Attorney General [2005] KLR 788............................ 3,.. 214

Law Society of Kenya v Betty Sungura Nyabuto, Petition 21 of 2010................. 215

Mwangi Stephen Mureithi v Hon’ble Danile Toroitch Arap Moi,

Petition No 625 of 2009, 17 (High Court of Kenya)................................... 215

Peter Mburu Echaria v Priscilla Njeri Echaria, Civil Appeal No 75

of 2001 (Court of Appeal of Kenya)...........................................................

Rose Wangui Mambo v Limuru Country Club, Constitutional

Petition No 160 of 2013............................................................................. 216

Stephen Saitoti Kapaiku v Cocacola Sabco Nairobi Bottlers Ltd,

Petition No 338 of 2012............................................................................. 216

Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta v Nairobi Star Publications Ltd,

Petition No 187 of 2012............................................................................. 215

US Cases

Barsky v Board of Regents of University of State of New York

347 US 442 (1954)......................................................................................... 4

Blum v Yaretsky 457 US 991 (1981)............................................. 11, 36-37, 41, 43

Burton v Wilmington Parking Authority 365 US 715(1961)........................... 35-36

Coppage v Kansas 236 US 1 (1915).................................................................... 20

Cotter v Lyft 13-cv-04065-VC (11 March 2015) (District Court

for the Northern District of California)....................................................... 142

Douglas O’Connor v Uber Technologies No C-13-3826 EMC,

11 March 2015 (Northern District of California)........................................ 142

Dynamex v The Superior Court of Los Angeles County

Ct App 2/7 B249546 (Supreme Court of California)................................. 142

Evans v Newton 382 US 296 (1965)................................................................... 38

Ex Parte Virginia 100 US 333 (1879)................................................................. 9

Flagg Bros Inc v Brooks 436 US 149 (1978)........................................... 11-13,.... 37

Fletcher v Peck 10 US (6 Cranch) 87 (1810)........................................................ 19

Griggs v Duke Power Co 401 US 424 (1971)................................................... 100

Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v Equal

Employment Opportunity Commission 565 US 171 (2012).........................

Hudgens v NLRB 424 US 507 (1976)......................................................... 38, 40

Jackson v Metropolitan Edison Co 419 US 345 (1974)...................... 4, 17, 35-38,

40-41, 43,82 Jones v Alfred H Mayer Co 392 US 409 (1968)..................... 100

Lawson v Grubhub Case No 15-cv-05128-JSC (8 February 2018)

(District Court of the Northern District of California)................................ 142

Local 590 v Logan Valley 391 US 308 (1968)..................................................... 38

Lochner v New York 198 US 45 (1905)............................................................ 7, 20

Lugar v Edmondson Oil Co 457 US 922 (1982).................................................. 16

Marsh v Alabama 326 US 501 (1946)............................................................ 38-41

Monroe v Pape 365 US 167, 255 (1961)............................................................. 15

Moose Lodge No 107 v Irvis 407 US 163 (1972).......................................... 11, 36

NLRB v Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp 301 US 1 (1937)................................... 145

Nevada Department of Human Resources v Hibbs 538 US 721 (2003)............. 184

New York Times v Sullivan 376 US 254 (1964)............................................... 48-49

Public Utilities Commission v Pollack 343 US 451 (1952)................................... 35

Razak v Uber CA No 16-573 (11 April 2018) (District Court

for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania).................................................... 142

Reitman v Mulkey 387 US 369 (1967)........................................................... 43, 99

Rendell-Baker v Kohn 457 US 830 (1981)............................................... 37, 40, 43

San Francisco Arts and Athletics v USOC 483 US 522 (1986)............................. 37

Shelley v Kraemer 334 US 1 (1948)............................................. 16,... 56-57, 74-75,

80, 99, 127 Slaughter-House Cases 83 US 36 (1873)...................................

Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v Inclusive

Communities Project 576 US 519 (2015)............................................. 100, 132

Trustees of Dartmouth College v Woodward 17 US (4 Wheat)

518 (1819).................................................................................................... 19

United States v Cruikshank 92 US 542 (1875)............................................ 9, 17, 39

Vega v Postmates 2018 NY Slip Op 4610 (21 June 2018)

(Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York).......................... 142

Virginia v Rives 100 US 313 (1880)................................................................ 9, 20

Indian Cases

Indian Medical Association v Union of India (2011) 7 SCC 179............ 106-15, 133

Indian Young Lawyers’ Association v The State of Kerala,

Writ Petition (Civ) No 373 of 2006 (Supreme Court of India)............ 110, 112

Olga Tellis v Bombay Municipal Corporation, AIR 1986 SC 180...................... 188

Pradeep Kumar Biswas v Indian Institute of Chemical Biology

(2002) 4 SCC 111......................................................................................... 35

S Vasudevan v SD Mital, AIR 1962 Bom 53...................................................... 105

German Cases

25 BVerfGE 256 (1969) (‘Blinkfuer’)................................................................ 104

Burgschaft Case, BVerfGE 89, 214, NJW 1994 36............................................. 53

BVerfGE 7, 198 (1958)...................................................................................... 52

BVerfGE 81, 242, 7 January 1990 (Handelsvertreter)................................... 103-04

ECJ Cases

Association de mediation sociale v Union locale des syndicats

CGT and Others ECLI:EU:C:2014:2............................................... 66,... 89, 156

Case 26/62 Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie

der Belastingen [1963] ECR 1......................................................................

Case 36/74 Walrave and Koch v Association Union Cycliste International [1974] ECR 01405...................................................................................................... 65

Case 43/75 Defrenne v SABENA (No 2) [1976] ECR 455.................................... 65

Case C-144/04 Walter Mangold v Rudiger Helm [2005] ECR I-09981............... 66

Case C-281/98 Angonese v Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano SpA

[2000] ECR I-04139.................................................................................... 65

Case C-282/10 Maribel Dominguez v Centre informatique du

Centre Ouest Atlantique ECLI:EU:C:2011:559........................................... 66

Case C-320/16 Uber v Bensalem, Case (10 April 2018)..................................... 142

Case C-411/98 Angelo Ferlini v Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg

[2000] ECR I-08081..................................................................................... 65

Case C-624/19 K and Ors V Tesco Stores 2nd Chamber, 3 June 2021............... 66

Case C-91/92 Paola Faccini Dori v Recreb Srl [1994] ECR I-3325.................... 66

Defrenne v SABENA (No 2) [1976] ECR 455....................................................... 65

Sindicatul ‘Pastorul Cel Bun’ v Romania [2014] 58 EHRR 10.......................... 166

Irish Cases

Attorney General [SPUC] v Open Door Counselling Ltd [1988] IR 593.............. 68

Byrne v Ireland [1972] 1 IR 241........................................................................... 67

Educational Company of Ireland Ltd v Fitzpatrick (No 2) [1961] IR 345 67 Hanrahan v Merck Sharp and Dohme [1988] ILRM 629 (SC)................................................. 68

Hayes v INTO [1987] ILRM 651.......................................................................... 67

Hosford v John Murphy & Sons Ltd [1988] ILRM 300 (HC)................................ 68

Meskell v CIE [1973] IR 121........................................................................ 64, 67

Murtagh Properties v Cleary [1972] IR 330......................................................... 67

SPUC v Grogan [1989] IR 760............................................................................ 68

W v Ireland (No 2) [1997] 2 IR 141 (HC)............................................................. 68

UK Cases

Hall v Bull [2013] UKSC 73.............................................................................. 225

Independent Workers’ Union of Great Britain v The Secretary

of state for Works and Pensions [2020] EWHC 3050 (Admin)............. 138, 169

Lee v Ashers Baking Company Ltd [2018] UKSC 49......................................... 225

Re S (A Child) [2005] 1 AC 593........................................................................ 219

The Independent Workers Union of Great Britain v The Central

Arbitration Committee [2021] EWCA Civ 952..................................... 158, 166

Uber BV v Aslam [2018] EWCA Civ 2748................................... 104, 138, 167-68

Uber BV v Aslam [2021] UKSC 5...................................................................... 168

New Zealand Cases

Allan v Allan (1990) 7 FRNZ 102 (HC)............................................................. 194

B v B [2016] NZHC 1201.................................................................................. 192

Clayton v Clayton [Vaughan Road Property Trust] [2016] NZSC 29................ 193

Dalton v Dalton [1979] 1 NZLR 113 (CA)........................................................ 192

Martin v Martin [1979] 1 NZLR 97 (CA).......................................................... 192

P v P [1980] 2 NZLR 278 (CA)......................................................................... 192

Reid v Reid [1979] 1 NZLR 572 (CA)........................................................... 193-94

Williams v Williams [1979] 1 NZLR 122 (CA)................................................... 192

Other Authorities

C-176/12 Association de mediation sociale v Union locale des

syndicats CGT and Others ECLI:EU:C:2014:2................................ 66,... 89, 156

De Geillustreerde Pers NV v The Netherlands App no 5178/71,

Commission (Plenary) Report (31) (ECHR)............................................... 222

Inake v Deliveroo 6622665 CV EXPL 18-2673 (July 23 2018)

(Court of First Instance, Amsterdam)......................................................... 142

Maurice Tomlinson v TVJ and Ors [2020] JMCA Civ 52................................... 217

Michael Kaseris v Rasier Pacific, VOF [2017] FWC 6610

(Australian Fair Work Commission).......................................................... 142

Pallage v Rasier [2018] FWC 2579 (Australian Fair Work Commission)......... 142

Sindicatul ‘Pastorul Cel Bun’ v Romania [2014] 58 EHRR 10.......................... 166

Swedish Engine Drivers’ Union v Sweden [1976] ECHR 2................................. 165

T-494/92, Corte Constitutional de Colombia...................................... 188, 195-96