Table of Contents

Acknowledgements............................................................................................... vii

Table of Cases.......................................................................................................

Table of Authorities............................................................................................ xvii

PART I

THEORY

1. The Default Vertical Approach.................................................................... 3

I. Introduction......................................................................................... 3

II. The Civil Rights Cases.......................................................................... 6

III. Sovereignty....................................................................................... 10

IV Freedom............................................................................................ 15

V Individual Responsibility................................................................... 18

VI. Alternative Bases for Default Verticality.......................................... 23

VII. The Contingency of the Public/Private Divide: The Case

of India......................................................................................................... 25

VIII. Conclusion........................................................................................ 29

2. State Action................................................................................................. 31

I. Introduction...................................................................................... 31

II. The Public Character of Private Actors............................................. 34

III. Critique............................................................................................. 42

IV. Insights.............................................................................................

3. Indirect and Direct Horizontality................................................................ 46

I. Introduction...................................................................................... 46

II. Indirect and Direct Horizontality: A Typology.................................. 48

III. Indirect Horizontality: Forms and Limits.......................................... 51

IV. Direct Horizontality: What It Solves (and What It Doesn’t)............. 63

V. Conclusion......................................................................................... 69

4. Two Models of Bounded Horizontality...................................................... 71

I. Introduction....................................................................................... 71

II. Two Contemporary Accounts of Bounded Direct

Horizontality................................................................................................ 73

III. Strengths and Weaknesses: An Analysis........................................... 79

IV. Conclusion: Towards the Institutional Model................................... 84

5. The Institutional Approach......................................................................... 86

I. Introduction...................................................................................... 86

II. The Institutional Approach: Philosophical Foundations................. 92

III. The Judicial Antecedents of the Institutional Approach............... 97

IV The Institutional Approach in India............................................. 105

V The Institutional Approach and the Assumptions of Default Verticality...... 122

VI. The Institutional Approach and Private Law Regimes.................... 130

PART II

APPLICATION

6. Application I: Platform Work................................................................... 137

I. Introduction....................................................................................

II. Why Platform Work?...................................................................... 141

III. Constitutionalising Labour and Employment Rights...................... 144

IV The Institutional Model as Applied to the Labour Market............. 149

V. The Institutional Model as Applied to Platform Work.................... 152

VI. Applying Rights According to the Institutional Model................... 158

VII. Conclusion...................................................................................... 170

7. Application II: Domestic Relationships and Unpaid Labour.................. 173

I. Introduction.................................................................................... 173

II. Contextualising the Issue................................................................ 181

III. The Applicability of the Institutional Approach............................. 185

IV. Application and Remedies.............................................................. 189

V. Conclusion.................................................................................... 198

8. The Prospects of the Institutional Approach............................................ 200

I. Introduction.................................................................................... 200

II. The Institutional Approach: A Summary........................................ 201

III. Contemporary Prospects................................................................ 209

IV. Conclusion.................................................................................... 226

Bibliography...................................................................................................... 227

Index.................................................................................................................. 239