Answers to Figure Legend Questions

FIGURE 18.2 The goal of the study was to look at the effect of fragmentation on species diversity in the remaining forest fragments rather than considering the direct effects of deforestation itself.

FIGURE 18.6 No, there could never be more local species than would be contained within a region, because the spatial scale of the region is larger than that of the local community.

FIGURE 18.9 Holt et al. (2013) used phylogenetic information acquired from DNA analysis and more recent global species distribution patterns to test whether Wallace's original biogeographic regions were supported by modern data collection.

FIGURE 18.11 One would expect speciation to increase as land masses separate because species would become reproductively isolated from one another, thus increasing the chance that they would follow different evolutionary trajectories. The separation of species in this way is known as vicariance.

FIGURE 18.16 The idea that the tropics serve as a cradle is meant to suggest that it is a place in which species arise or “are born.” The reference to the tropics as a museum is meant to suggest that it is a place in which species are protected from extinction and thus are “on display” for a long time.