Contents
23.1. SettingtheScene 2064
23.1.1 Introduction 2064
23.1.2 Conceptualizing and Measuring Poverty 2065
23.1.3 KeyPatternsandTrends 2071
23.1.4 The Welfare State and Poverty 2075
23.2.
Social Protection and Redistribution 208023.2.1 Introduction 2080
23.2.2 Cash Transfers for the Inactive Working-Age Population 2088
23.2.3 Child Poverty and Child Cash Transfers 2094
23.2.4 The Working Poor and Combating In-Work Poverty 2096
23.2.5 Pensions 2102
23.3. Beyond Social Protection 2108
23.3.1 Noncash Social Spending and Poverty 2108
23.3.2 The Labor Market, Education, and Active Labor Market Policy 2112
23.3.3 Intergenerational Transmission, Childhood, and Neighborhoods 2116
23.4. The Welfare State, Antipoverty Policy, and the Economic Crisis of the Late 2000s 2120
23.4.1 Poverty, Income Inequality, and the Economic Crisis 2120
23.4.2 The Crisis and Antipoverty Policy in the Medium Term 2122
23.5. Future Research Directions 2126
Acknowledgments 2128
References 2128