REFERENCES

Aaberge, R. and Peluso, E. (2012). A Counting Approach for Measuring Multidimensional Deprivation', Discussion Paper 700, Research Department, Statistics Norway.

Abe, A. (2006).

Addison, T., Hulme, D., and Kanbur R. (2009). Poverty Dynamics: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Adler, M. D. (2011). Well-being and FairDistribution beyond Cost-BenefitAnalysis. NewYork: Oxford University Press.

Ahmed, A. I. M. U. (2007). ‘Consensual Poverty in Britain, Sweden and Bangladesh: A Comparative Study’ Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology, 4(2): 56-77.

Alkire, S. (2002a). Valuing Freedoms: Sens Capability Approach and Poverty Reduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Alkire, S. (2002b). ‘Dimensions of Human Development', World Development, 30(2): 181-205.

Alkire, S. (2006). ‘Needs and Capabilities’ in S. Reader (ed.), The Philosophy of Need, Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 80. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 229-52.

Alkire, S. (2008a). ‘Choosing Dimensions: The Capability Approach and Multidimensional Poverty’ in N. Kakwani and J. Silber (eds), The Many Dimensions of Poverty. NewYork: Palgrave Macmillan, 89-119.

Alkire, S. (2008b). ‘Using the Capability Approach: Prospective and Evaluative Analyses', in F. Comim, M. Qizilbash, and S. Alkire (eds), The Capability Approach: Concepts, Measures and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 26-49.

Alkire, S. (2011). ‘Multidimensional Poverty and its Discontents’ in Michel Aglietta et al. (eds), Measurefor Measure: How Well Do We Measure Development? Proceedings of the 8th AFD-EUDN Conference, 2010. Paris: AFD, 55-90.

Alkire, S. (2013). The Overseas Development Institute (ODI) Blog,.

Alkire, S. (2014). ‘Towards Frequent and Accurate Poverty Data’ OPHIResearch in Progress 43a, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S., Apablaza, M., Chakravarty, S., and Yalonetzky, G. (2014). ‘Measuring Chronic Multidimensional Poverty: A Counting Approach’ OPHI Working Paper 75, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S., Apablaza, M., and Jung, E. (2014a). ‘Multidimensional Poverty Measurement for EU-SILC Countries', OPHI Research in Progress 36c, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S., Apablaza, M., and Jung, E. (2014b). ‘Multidimensional Poverty Measurement for EU-SILC Countries', OPHI Research in Progress 36d, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S. and Ballon, P. (2012). ‘Understanding Association across Deprivation Indicators in Multi­dimensional Poverty’. Paper presented at the Research Workshop on Dynamic Comparison between Multidimensional Poverty and Monetary Poverty, OPHI, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S., Conconi, A., and Roche, J. M. (2013). ‘Multidimensional PovertyIndex 2013: BriefMethodological Note and Results’ OPHI, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S., Conconi, A., and Seth, S. (2014). ‘Multidimensional Poverty Index 2014: BriefMethodological Note and Results’ OPHI, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S. and Deneulin, S. (2009). A Normative Framework for Development' and ‘The Human Development and Capability Approach’, in S. Deneulin and L. Shahani (eds), An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency. London: Earthscan, chs 1-2.

Alkire, S. and Foster, J. (2007, rev. 2008). ‘Counting and Multidimensional Poverty Measurement’ OPHI Working Paper 7, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S. and Foster, J. (2009). ‘An Axiomatic Approach to Identification and Measurement of Multidimen­sional Poverty', OPHI Research in Progress 21a, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S. and Foster, J. (2010). ‘Designingthe InequalityAdjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)’ OPHI Working Paper 37, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S. and Foster, J. (2011a).

Alkire, S. and Foster, J. (2011b). ‘Understandings and Misunderstandings of Multidimensional Poverty Measurement', Journal of Economic Inequality, 9: 289-314.

Alkire, S. and Foster, J. (2013). ‘Evaluating Dimensional and Distributional Contributions to Multidimen­sional Poverty'. Mimeo, OPHI, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S., Foster, J., and Santos, M. E. (2011). ‘Where Did Identification Go?’ Journal of EconomicInequality, 9(3): 501-5.

Alkire, S. and Klasen, S. (2013). ‘The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) and Monetary Poverty: Dynamic Comparisons from 12 Country Studies'. Mimeo.

Alkire, S., Meinzen-Dick, R., Peterman, A., Quisumbing, A. R., Seymour, G., and Vaz, A. (2013). ‘The Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index’ World Development, 53: 71-91.

Alkire, S. and Roche, J. M. (2012). ‘Beyond Headcount: Measures that Reflect the Breadth and Components of Child Poverty’ in A. Minujin and S. Nandy (eds), Global Child Poverty and Well-Being: Measurement, Concepts, Policy and Action. Bristol: Policy Press, 103-34.

Alkire, S. and Roche, J. M. (2013). ‘How Multidimensional PovertyWent Down: Dynamics and Comparis­ons?', OPHI Briefing 16, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S., Roche, J. M., and Seth S. (2011). ‘Sub-national Disparities and Inter-temporal Evolution of Multidimensional Poverty across Developing Countries', OPHI Research in Progress 32a, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S., Roche, J. M., and Seth S. (2013). ‘The GlobalMultidimensional PovertyIndex 2013’ OPHIBriefing 13, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S., Roche, J. M., Santos, M. E., and Seth, S. (2011). ‘Multidimensional Poverty Index 2011: Brief Methodological Note’ OPHI Briefing 07, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S., Roche, J. M., and Vaz, A. (2014). ‘How Countries Reduce Multidimensional Poverty: A Disaggregated Analysis', OPHI Working Paper 76, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S. and Samman, E.

Alkire, S. and Santos, M. E. (2009). ‘Poverty and Inequality Measurement', in S. Deneulin and L. Shanai (eds), An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach. Abingdon: Earthscan, ch. 6.

Alkire, S. and Santos, M. E. (2010). AcuteMultidimensionalPoverty: ANewIndexfor DevelopingCountries', OPHI Working Paper 38, University of Oxford; also published as Human Development Research Paper 2010/11.

Alkire, S. and Santos, M. E. (2014). ‘Measuring Acute Poverty in the Developing World: Robustness and Scope of the Multidimensional Poverty Index’, World Development, 59: 251-74.

Alkire, S., Santos, M. E., Seth, S., and Yalonetzky, G. (2010). ‘Is the Multidimensional Poverty Index Robust to Different Weights?', OPHI Research in Progress 22a, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S. and Sarwar, M. (2009). ‘Multidimensional Measures of Poverty and Wellbeing’ OPHI Research in Progress 6a, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S. and Seth, S. (2008). ‘Determining BPL Status: Some Methodological Improvements’ Indian Journal of Human Development, 2(2): 407-24.

Alkire, S. and Seth, S. (2013a). ‘Identifying BPL Households’ Economic and Political Weekly, 48(2): 49-67.

Alkire, S. and Seth, S. (2013b). ‘Multidimensional PovertyReduction in Indiabetween 1999 and 2006: Where and How?’ OPHI Working Paper 60, University of Oxford.

Alkire, S. and Seth, S. (2013c). ‘Selecting a Targeting Method to Identify BPL Households in India’ Social Indicators Research, 112(2): 417-46.

Alkire, S. and Seth, S. (2015). ‘Multidimensional PovertyReduction in Indiabetween 1999-2006: Where and How?’ World Development, 72: 93-108.

Alkire, S. and Stein, F. (2013). The Data Deluge. Mimeo.

Altimir, O. (1979). La Dimension de la Pobreza en America Latina. Cuadernos de la Cepal No. 27, Naciones Unidas, Santiago de Chile.

Amarante, V, Arim, R., and Vigorito, A.

Amemiya, T. (1985). Advanced Econometrics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Anaka, M. and Kobus, M. (2012). ‘Multidimensional PovertyAnalysisin Polish Gminas’ Ekonomista, 112(1): 101-17.

Anand, S. (1983). Inequality and Poverty in Malaysia: Measurement and Decomposition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Anand, S. (2008). ‘Sen, Amartya’ in S. N. Durlauf and L. E. Blume (eds), The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd edn. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Anand, S. and Sen, A. (1994). ‘Human Development Index: Methodology and Measurement’ Human Development Report Office Occasional Paper, UNDP.

Anand, S. and Sen, A. (1997). ‘Concepts of Human Development and Poverty: A Multidimensional Perspective’ in Human Development Papers 1997: Poverty and Human Development, UNDP, 1-20.

Anand, S., Segal, P., and Stiglitz, J. E. (2010). Debates on the Measurement of Global Poverty, Initiative for Policy Dialogue Series. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Anderson, G. (1996). ‘Nonparametric Tests of Stochastic Dominancein Income Distributions’ Econometrica, 64(5): 1183-93.

Anderson, G. (2008). ‘The Empirical Assessment of Multidimensional Welfare, Inequality and Poverty: Sample Weighted Multivariate Generalizations of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Two-Sample Test for Stochastic Dominance’ Journal of Economic Inequality, 6(1): 73-87.

Andrews, F. M. (ed.) (1986). Research on the Quality of Life. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research.

Andrews, F. M., Klem, L., Davidson, T. N., O’Malley, P. M., and Rodgers, W. L. (1981). A Guidefor Selecting Statistical TechniquesforAnalyzing Social Science Data. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research.

Angulo Salazar, R. C., Diaz, B.Y., and Pardo Pinzon, R.

Apablaza, M. and Yalonetzky, G. (2011). ‘Measuring the DynamicsofMultiple Deprivations among Children: The Cases of Andhra Pradesh, Ethiopia, Peru and Vietnam’. Mimeo, OPHI.

Apablaza, M. and Yalonetzky, G. (2013). ‘Decomposing Multidimensional Poverty Dynamics’, YoungLives Working Paper 101.

Arndt, C. and Volkert, J. (2011). ‘The Capability Approach: A Framework for Official German Poverty and Wealth Reports’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 12(3): 311-37.

Arndt, C., Distante, R., Hussain, M. A., et al. (2012). ‘Ordinal Welfare Comparisons with Multiple Discrete Indicators: A First-Order Dominance Approach and Application to Child Poverty’, World Development, 40(11):2290-301.

Asselin, L. M. (2009). Analysis of Multidimensional Poverty: Theory and Case Studies. Dordrecht: Springer.

Asselin, L. M. and Anh, V. T. (2008). ‘Multidimensional Poverty and Multiple Correspondence Analysis’, in N. Kakwani and J. Silber (eds), Quantitative Approaches to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 80-103.

Atkinson, A. B. (1970). ‘On the Measurement of Inequality’, Journal of Economic Theory, 2(3): 244-63.

Atkinson, A. B. (1987). ‘On the Measurement of Poverty’, Econometrica, 55(4): 749-64.

Atkinson, A. B. (1989). Poverty and Social Security. Hemel Hempstead: HarvesterWheatsheaf.

Atkinson, A. B. (1999). ‘The Contributions of Amartya Sen to Welfare Economics’, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 101(2): 173-90.

Atkinson, A. B. (2003). ‘Multidimensional Deprivation: Contrasting Social Welfare and Counting Approaches’, Journal of Economic Inequality, 1(1): 51-65.

Atkinson, A. B. (2012). ‘Public Economics after the Idea of Justice’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 13(4): 521-36.

Atkinson, A. B. and Bourguignon, F. (1982). ‘The Comparison of Multi-dimensioned Distributions of Economic Status’, Review of Economic Studies, 49(2): 183-201.

Atkinson, A. B. and Bourguignon, F. (1987). ‘Income Distribution and Differences in Needs’, in G. F. Feiwel (ed.), Arrow and the Foundation of the Theory of Economic Policy. London: Macmillan, 350-70.

Atkinson, A. B. and Marlier, E. (2010). Analysing and Measuring Social Inclusion in a Global Context. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.

Atkinson, A. B., Cantillon, B., Marlier, E., and Nolan, B. (2002). Social Indicators: The EU and Social Inclusion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Atkinson, A. B., Cantillon, B., Marlier, E., and Nolan, B. (2005). Taking Forward the EU Social Inclusion Process. Luxembourg Presidency of the Council of the European Union.

Atkinson, A. B., Marlier, E., Monatigne, F., and Reinstadler, A. (2010). ‘Income Poverty and Income Inequality’, in A. B. Atkinson and E. Marlier (eds.), Income and Living Conditions in Europe. Eurostat Statistical Books. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 101-32.

Azevedo, V and Robles, M. (2013). ‘Multidimensional Targeting: Identifying Beneficiaries of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs’, Social Indicators Research, 112(2): 447-75.

Baliamoune-Lutz, M. and McGillivray, M. (2006). ‘Fuzzy Well-Being Achievement in Pacific Asia’, Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 11(2): 168-77.

Balisacan, A. M. (2011). ‘What Has ReallyHappenedto Povertyinthe Philippines? NewMeasures, Evidence, and Policy Implications’, UP School of Economics Discussion Paper 2011-14.

Ballon, P. (2011). ‘A Structural Model of Female Empowerment’, in Model-Based Multidimensional Poverty Indices: Theoretical Construction and Statistical Properties, doctoral dissertation, thesis no. 759, University of Geneva, ch. 3.

Ballon, P. and Apablaza, M. (2012). ‘Multidimensional Poverty Dynamics in Indonesia’. Paper presented at the Research Workshop on Dynamic Comparison between Multidimensional Poverty and Monetary Poverty, OPHI, University of Oxford.

Ballon, P. and Duclos, J. Y. (2014). ‘Multidimensional Poverty in North and South Sudan’, African Development Bank Research Paper, forthcoming.

Ballon, P. and Krishnakumar, J. (2011). ‘Measuring Capability Poverty: A Multidimensional Model-Based Index’, in P. Ballon, Model-based Multidimensional Poverty Indices: Theoretical Construction and Statistical Properties, doctoral dissertation, thesis no. 759, University of Geneva, ch. 2.

Baluch, B. and Masset, E. (2003). ‘Do Monetary and Non-monetary Indicators Tell the Same Story about Chronic Poverty? A Study of Vietnam in the 1990s’, World Development, 31(3): 441-53.

Bandura, R. (2008). A Survey of Composite Indices Measuring Country Performance: 2008 Update. UNDP/ODS Working Paper. New York: United Nations Development Programme.

Banerjee, A. V and Duflo, E. (2011). PoorEconomics: ARadical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty. New York: Public Affairs.

Barrett, G. and Donald, S. G. (2003). ‘Consistent Tests for Stochastic Dominance’, Econometrica, 71(1): 71-103.

Barrientos, A. (2010). ‘Social Protection and Poverty’, UNRISD Paper 42, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.

Barrientos, A. (2013). Social Assistance in Developing Countries. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress.

Barro, R. J. (2003). ‘Determinants of Economic Growth in a Panel of Countries’, Annals of Economics and Finance, 4(2): 231-74.

Bartholomew, D. J., Steele, F., Moustaki, I., and Galbraith, J. I. (2008). Analysis of Multivariate Social Science Data. London: Chapman and Hall/CRC Press.

Bartholomew, D. J. and Tzamourani, P. (1999). ‘The Goodness-of-Fit of Latent Trait Models in Attitude Measurement’, Sociological Methods and Research, 27: 525-46.

Basilevsky, A. T (1994). Statistical Factor Analysis and Related Methods: Theory and Applications. New York: John Wiley.

Basu, K. (1980). Revealed Preference of Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Basu, K. and Foster, J. (1998). ‘On Measuring Literacy’, Economic Journal, 108(451): 1733-49.

Basu, K. and Lopez-Calva, L. F. (2010). ‘Functionings and Capabilities’, in K. J. Arrow, A. Sen, and K. Suzumura (eds), Handbook of Social Choice and Welfare. Amsterdam: Elsevier, ii.153-88.

Batana, Y. M. (2013). ‘Multidimensional Measurement of Poverty among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa’, Social Indicators Research, 112(2): 337-62.

Batana, Y. M. and Duclos, J.-Y. (2008). ‘Multidimensional Poverty Dominance: Statistical Inference and an Application to West Africa’, CIRPEE Working Paper 08-08.

Batana, Y. M. and Duclos, J.-Y. (2010). ‘Multidimensional PovertyamongWest African Children: Testingfor Robust Poverty Comparisons’, in J. Cockburn and J. Kabubo-Mariara (eds), Child Welfare in Developing Countries. NewYork: Springer, 95-122.

Batana, Y. M. and Duclos, J.-Y. (2011). ‘Comparing Multidimensional Povertywith Qualitative Indicators of Well-Being’, in J. Deutsch and J. Silber (eds), The Measurement of Individual Well-Being and Group Inequalities: Essays in Memory ofZ. M. Berrebi. London: Routledge, ch. 13.

Battiston, D., Cruces, G., Lopez-Calva, L. F., Lugo, M. A., and Santos, M. E. (2013). ‘Income and Beyond: Multidimensional Poverty in Six Latin American Countries’, Social Indicators Research, 112(2): 291-314.

Bauman, K. (1998). ‘Direct Measures of Poverty as Indicators for Economic Need: Evidence from the Survey of Income and Program Participation’, Population Division Technical Working Paper 30, US census bureau.

Bauman, K. (1999). ‘Extended Measures of Well-Being: Meeting Basic Needs', Household Economic Studies, US Department of Commerce.

Bavetta, S. and Del Seta, M. (2001). ‘Constraints and the Measurement of Freedom of Choice', Theory and Decision, 50(3): 213-38.

Beccaria, L. and Minujin, A. (1985). Metodos alternativospara medirla evolucion del tamano de Iapobreza', INDEC Documento de Trabajo 6, Buenos Aires.

Bedi, T., Coudouel, A., and Simle, K. (eds) (2007). More Than a Pretty Picture: Using Poverty Maps to Design Better Policies and Interventions. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Beja, E. L., Jr and Yap, D. B. (2013). ‘Counting Happiness from the Individual Levelto the Group Level', Social Indicators Research, 114(2): 621-37.

Belhadj, B. (2011). ‘A New Fuzzy Poverty Index by Distinguishing Three Levels of Poverty’, Research in Economics, 65(3): 221-31.

Belhadj, B. and Limam, M. (2012). ‘Unidimensional and Multidimensional Fuzzy Poverty Measures: New Approach’, Economic Modelling, 29(4): 995-1002.

Belhadj, B. and Matoussi, M. S. (2010). ‘Poverty in Tunisia: A Fuzzy Measurement Approach', Swiss Journal of Economic and Statistics, 146(2): 431-50.

Bennett, C. J. and Mitra, S. (2013). ‘Multidimensional Poverty: Measurement, Estimation, and Inference', Econometric Reviews, 32(1): 57-83.

Benzecri, J. P. and Bellier, L. (1973). Lanalyse de donnees: Lanalyse des correspondances. Paris: Dunod.

Berenger, V. and Verdier-Chouchane, A. (2007). ‘Multidimensional Measures of Well-Being: Standard of Living and Quality of Life across Countries', World Development, 35(7): 1259-76.

Berenger, V, Deutsch, J., and Silber, J. (2013). ‘Durable Goods, Access to Services and the Derivation of an Asset Index: Comparing Two Methodologies and Three Countries', Economics Modeling, 35: 881-91.

Betti, G., Cheli, B., Lemmi, A., and Verma, V (2006). ‘Multidimensional and Longitudinal Poverty: An Integrated Fuzzy Approach’, in A. Lemmi and G. Betti (eds), Fuzzy Set Approach to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement. NewYork: Springer, 111-37.

Betti, G., Gagliardi, F., Lemmi, A., and Verma, V (2012). ‘Subnational Indicators of Poverty and Deprivation in Europe: Methodology and Applications', Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society, 5(1): 129-47.

Betti, G. and Verma, V. (1999). ‘Measuring the Degree ofPovertyin a Dynamic and Comparative Context: A Multi-dimensional Approach Using Fuzzy Set Theory', in Proceedings of the ICCS-VI, Lahore, Pakistan, 27-31 August, xi.289-301.

Betti, G. and Verma, V (2004). AMethodologyfortheStudyofMulti-DimensionalandLongitudinalAspects of Poverty and Deprivation', Working Paper 49, Dipartimento di Metodi Quantitativi, Universita di Siena.

Betti, G. and Verma, V (2008). ‘Fuzzy Measures of the Incidence of Relative Poverty and Deprivation: A Multi-Dimensional Perspective’, Statistical Methods and Applications, 17(2): 225-50.

Bibi, S., Duclos, J.-Y., and Verdier-Chouchane, A. (2012). Assessing Absolute and Relative Pro-poor Growth, with an Application to Selected African Countries', Economics—The Open-Access Open-Assessment E-Journal, 6: article no. 20127.

Biewen, M. (2002). ‘Bootstrap Inference for Inequality, Mobility and Poverty Measurement', Journal of Econometrics, 108(2): 317-42.

Boarini, R. and d'Ercole, M. M. (2006). ‘Measures of Material Deprivation in OECD Countries', OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 37.

Boland, P. J. and Proschan, F. (1988). ‘Multivariate Arrangement Increasing Functions with Applications in Probability and Statistics', Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 25(2): 286-98.

Bollen K. A. (1989). Structural Equations with Latent Variables. NewYork: John Wiley.

Bollen, K. A., Glanville, J. L., and Stecklov, G. (2002). ‘Economic Status Proxies in Studies of Fertility in Developing Countries: Does the Measure Matter?', Population Studies, 56(1): 81-96.

Boltvinik, J. (1991). ‘La medicion de la pobreza en America Latina', Comercio Exterior, 41(5): 423-28.

Boltvinik, J. (1992). ‘El Metodo de Medicion Integrada de la Pobreza: Una propuesta para su desarrollo', Comercio Exterior, 42(4): 354-65.

Boltvinik, J. (1995). ‘La Pobreza en Mexico II. Magnitud', Salud Publica Mexico, 37(4): 298-309.

Boltvinik, J. (1996). ‘Evolucion y Magnitud de la Pobreza en Mexico', Estudios Demograficosy Urbanos 32.

Boltvinik, J. (2012). ‘Medicion multidimensional de la pobreza. America Latina, de precursora a rezagada. La experiencia contrastante de Mexico: una guia para la region?’. Paper presented at the Seminario Internacional Multidimensionalidad de la pobreza, Alcances para su definicion y evaluacion en America Latina y el Caribe'. Universidad de Chile, 22-3 November.

Booth, C. (1894). TheAged Poor: Condition. London: Macmillan.

Booth, C. (1903). Life and Labour of the People in London. London: Macmillan.

Booysen, F., Servass Van Derberg, R., Von Maltitz, M., and Du Rand, G. (2008). ‘Using an Asset Index to Assess Trends in Poverty in Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries', World Development, 36(6): 1113-30.

Bossert, W., Ceriani, L., Chakravarty, S. R., and DAmbrosio, C. (2012). ‘Intertemporal Material Deprivation’, CIREQ Cahier 07-2012.

Bossert, W., Chakravarty, S. R., and DAmbrosio, C. (2012). ‘Poverty and Time’, Journal of Economic Inequality, 10(2): 145-62.

Bossert, W, Chakravarty, S. R., and DAmbrosio, C. (2013). ‘Multidimensional Poverty and Material Deprivation with Discrete Data’, Review of Income and Wealth, 59(1): 29-43.

Bound, J., Jaeger, D. A., and Baker, R. M. (1995). ‘Problems with Instrumental Variables Estimation When the Correlation between the Instruments and the Endogenous Explanatory Variable Is Weak', Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90(430): 443-50.

Bourdieu, P. (1986). ‘The Forms of Capital’, in J. G. Richardson (ed.) and R. Nice (trans.), Handbook of Theory and Researchfor the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood.

Bourdieu, P. (1987). ‘What Makes a Social Class? On the Theoretical and Practical Existence of Groups', Berkeley Journal of Sociology, 32: 1-17.

Bourguignon, F. (1989). ‘Family Size and Social Utility: Income Distribution Dominance Criteria’, Journal of Econometrics, 42(1): 67-80.

Bourguignon, F., Benassy-Quere, A., Dercon, S., Estache, A., Gunning, J. W, Kanbur, R., Klasen, S., Maxwell, S., Platteau, J.-P., and Spadaro, A. (2008). Millennium Development Goals at Midpoint: Where Do We Stand? European Report on Development,.

Bourguignon, F., Benassy-Quere, A., Dercon, S., Estache, A., Gunning, J. W., Kanbur, R., Klasen, S., Maxwell, S., Platteau, J.-P., and Spadaro, A. (2010). ‘Millennium Development Goals: An Assessment’, in R. Kanbur and M. Spencer (eds.), Equity and Growth in a Globalizing World. Washington, DC: World Bank, ch. 2.

Bourguignon, F. and Chakravarty, S. R. (2003). ‘The Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty', Journal of Economic Inequality, 1(1): 25-49.

Bourguignon, F. and Chakravarty, S. R. (2009). ‘Multidimensional Poverty Orderings: Theory and Applications', in K. Basu and R. Kanbur (eds), Arguments for a Better World: Essays in Honor of Amartya Sen, i: Ethics, Welfare, and Measurement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 18.

Bowley, A. L. and Burnett-Hurst, A. R. (1915). Livelihood and Poverty: A Study in the Economic and Social Conditions of Working Class Households in Northampton, Warrington, Stanley, Reading (and Bolton). London: King.

Boyden, J. and Bourdillon, M. (2012). Childhood Poverty: Multidisciplinary Approaches. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Bradshaw, J. and Finch, N. (2003). ‘Overlaps in Dimensions of Poverty', Journal of Social Policy, 32(4): 513-25. Braybrooke, D. (1987). Meeting Needs. Princeton: Princeton UniversityPress.

Brighouse, H. and Robeyns, I. (eds) (2010). Measuring Justice: Primary Goods and Capabilities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Brown, J. D. (2011). ‘Questions and Answers about Language Testing Statistics: Likert Items and Scales of Measurement?', SHIKEN: JALT Testing & Evaluation SIG Newsletter, 15(1): 10-14.

Browne, M. W. and Arminger, G. (1995). ‘Specification and Estimation of Mean-and-Covariance Structure Models', in G. Arminger, C. C. Clogg, and M. E. Sobel (eds), Handbook of Statistical Modelingfor the Social and Behavioral Sciences. NewYork: Plenum Press, 311-59.

Browning, M. (1992). ‘Children and Household Economic Behavior', Journal of Economic Literature, 30(3): 1434-75.

Burchardt, T. (2009). ‘Agency Goals, Adaptation and Capability Sets', Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 10(1): 3-19.

Burchardt, T. (2013). ‘Deliberate Research as a Tool to Make Value Judgements', CASE Paper 159, LSE,.

Burchardt, T. and Vizard, P. (2007). ‘Developing a Capability List: Final Recommendations of the Equalities Review Steering Group on Measurement', CASE Working Paper 121.

Burchardt, T. and Vizard, P. (2011). ‘Foundations for Equality and Human Rights Monitoringin 21st Century Britain’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 12(1): 91-119.

Burchi, F. and Passacantilli, A. (2013). ‘Inequality in the Monetary and Functionings Space: The Case of Peru under the First Garcia Government (1985-1990)', Journal of International Development, 25(3): 340-61.

Callan, T., Layte, R., Nolan, B., Watson, D., Whelan, C. T., Williams, J., and Maitre, B. (1999). Monitoring Poverty Trends. Dublin: ESRI.

Callan, T., Nolan, B., and Whelan, C. T. (1993). ‘Resources, Deprivation and the Measurement of Poverty', Journal of Social Policy, 22(2): 141-72.

Callander, E. J., Schofield, D. J., and Shrestha, R. N. (2012a). ‘Multiple Disadvantages among Older Citizens: What a Multidimensional Measure of Poverty Can Show', Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 24(4): 368-83.

Callander, E. J., Schofield, D. J., and Shrestha, R. N. (2012b). ‘Capacity for Freedom: ANewWayofMeasuring PovertyAmongstAustralian Children', Child Indicators Research, 5(1): 179-98.

Callander, E. J., Schofield, D. J., and Shrestha, R. N. (2012c). ‘Towards a Holistic Understanding of Poverty: A New Multidimensional Measure of Poverty for Australia’ Health and Sociology Review, 21(2): 141-55.

Callander, E. J., Schofield, D. J., and Shrestha, R. N. (2012d). ‘Capacity for Freedom: Using a New Poverty Measure to Look at Regional Differences in Living Standards within Australia’ Geographical Research, 50(4): 411-20.

Callander, E. J., Schofield, D. J., and Shrestha, R. N. (2013a). ‘Chronic Health Conditions and Poverty: A Cross-Sectional Study Using a Multidimensional Poverty Measure', British Medical Journal Open, 3(11): article no. e003397.

Callander, E. J., Schofield, D. J., and Shrestha, R. N. (2013b). ‘Freedom Poverty: A New Tool to Identify the Multiple Disadvantages Affecting Those with CVD', International Journal of Cardiology, 166(2): 321-6.

Calvo, C. (2008). ‘Vulnerability to Multidimensional Poverty: Peru, 1998-2002’ World Development, 36(6): 1011-20.

Calvo, C. and Dercon, S. (2013). ‘Vulnerability to Individual and Aggregate Poverty’ Social Choice and Welfare, 41(4): 721-40.

Cardenas, J. C. and Carpenter, J. (2013). ‘Risk Attitudes and Economic Well-Being in Latin America’, Journal of Development Economics, 103(C): 52-61.

Casella, G. and Berger, R. L. (1990). Statistical Inference, vol. 70. Belmont, CA: Duxbury Press.

Castro, J. F., Baca, J., and Ocampo, J. P. (2012). ‘(Re)counting the Poor in Peru: A Multidimensional Approach’, LatinAmerican Journal of Economics (formerly Cuadernos de Economia), 49(1): 37-65. Instituto de Economia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile.

CBS (2008). Analisis Dan Penghitungan Tingkat Kemiskinan 2008 [Analysis and Measurement of Poverty Levels 2008]. Jakarta: Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia [Badan Pusat Statistick].

Cerioli, A. and Zani, S. (1990). ‘A FuzzyApproachtotheMeasurement of Poverty’, in C. Dagum andM. Zenga (eds), Income and Wealth Distribution, Inequality and Poverty. Berlin: Springer, i.272-84.

CGD (2008). The Growth Report: Strategiesfor Sustained Growth and Inclusive Development. Commission on Growth and Development (CGD), World Bank, Washington, DC.

Chakravarty, S. R. (1983a). ‘Ethically Flexible Measures of Poverty’, Canadian Journal of Economics, 16(1): 74-85.

Chakravarty, S. R. (1983b). A New Index of Poverty’, Mathematical Social Sciences, 6(3): 307-13.

Chakravarty, S. R. (2001). ‘The Variance as a Subgroup Decomposable Measure of Inequality’, Social Indicators Research, 53(1): 79-95.

Chakravarty, S. R. (2006). ‘An Axiomatic Approach to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement via Fuzzy Sets’, in A. Lemmi and G. Betti (eds), Fuzzy Set Approach to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement. New York: Springer, 49-72.

Chakravarty, S. R. (2009). Inequality, Polarization and Poverty: Advances in Distributional Analysis, Economic Studies in Inequality, Social Exclusion, and Well-Being 6. New York: Springer.

Chakravarty, S. R. and DAmbrosio, C. (2006). ‘The Measurement of Social Exclusion’, Review of Income and Wealth, 52(3): 377-98.

Chakravarty, S. R. and DAmbrosio, C. (2013). A Family of Unit Consistent Multidimensional Poverty Indices’, in V Berenger and F. Bresson (eds.), Poverty and Social Exclusion around the Mediterranean Sea. NewYork: Springer, 75-88.

Chakravarty, S. R., Deutsch, J., and Silber, J. (2008). ‘On the Watts Multidimensional Poverty Index and its Decomposition’, World Development 36(6): 1067-77.

Chakravarty, S. R., Mukherjee, D., and Ranade, R. R. (1998). ‘On the Family of Subgroup and Factor Decomposability Measures of Multidimensional Poverty’, in D. J. Slottje (ed.), Research on Economic Inequality. London: JAI Press, viii.175-94.

Chakravarty, S. R. and Silber, J. (2008). ‘Measuring Multidimensional Poverty: The Axiomatic Approach’, in N. Kakwani and J. Silber (eds), Quantitative Approaches to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 192-209.

Chang, R. (ed.) (1997). Incommensurability, Incomparability, and PracticalReason. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Chantreuil, F. and Trannoy, A. (2011). ‘Inequality Decomposition Values’, Annals of Economics and Statistics, 101-2: 13-36.

Chantreuil, F and Trannoy, A. (2013). ‘Inequality Decomposition Values: TheTrade-OffbetweenMarginality and Efficiency’, Journal of Economic Inequality, 11(1): 83-98.

Cheli, B. and Betti, G. (1999). ‘Totally Fuzzy and Relative Measures of Poverty Dynamics in an Italian Pseudo Panel, 1985-1994’, Metron, 57(1-2): 83-104.

Cheli, B. and Lemmi, A. (1995). ‘A “Totally” Fuzzy and Relative Approach to the Multidimensional Analysis of Poverty’, Economic Notes, 24(1): 115-33.

Chen, S. and Ravallion, M. (2010). ‘The Developing World is Poorer than We Thought, But No Less Successful in the Fight against Poverty', The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 125(4): 1577-625.

Chen, J., Sun, H., Wang, Z., et al. (2012). ‘An Analysis of Income Components of Rural Households in Xinjiang, China', Outlook on Agriculture, 41(3): 163-9.

Cherchye, L., Moesen, W., Rogge, N., Puyenbroeck, T. V, Saisana, M., Saltelli, A., Liska, R., and Tarantola, S. (2007). ‘Creating Composite Indicators with DEA and Robustness Analysis: The Case of the Technology Achievement Index', Journal of the Operational Research Society, 59(2): 239-51.

Cherchye, L., Ooghe, E., and Puyenbroeck, T. V (2008). ‘Robust Human Development Rankings', Journal of Economic Inequality, 6(4): 287-321.

Chiappero-Martinetti, E. (1994). A New Approach to Evaluation of Well-Being and Poverty by Fuzzy Set Theory', Giornale degli Economisti e Annali di Economia, 53(3): 367-88.

Chiappero-Martinetti, E. (1996). ‘Standard of Living Evaluation Based on Sen's Approach: Some Methodo­logical Suggestions’, Notizie di Politeia, 12(43-4): 37-53.

Chiappero-Martinetti, E. (2000). ‘A Multidimensional Assessment of Well-Being Based on Sen's Functioning Approach', Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Sociali, 108(2): 207-39.

Chiappero-Martinetti, E. (2008). ‘Complexity and Vagueness in the Capability Approach: Strengths or Weaknesses?', in F. Comim, M. Qizilbash, and S. Alkire (eds), The Capability Approach: Concepts, Applications and Measurement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 268-309.

Chiappero-Martinetti, E. and Roche, J. M. (2009). ‘Operationalization of the Capability Approach, from Theory to Practice: A Review of Techniques and Empirical Applications', in E. Chiappero-Martinetti (ed.), Debating Global Society: Reach and Limits of the Capability Approach. Milan: Fondazione Feltrinelli, 157-203.

Chung, K. H. and Lee, S. (2001). ‘Optimal Bootstrap Sample Size in Construction of Percentile Confidence Bounds', Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 28(1): 225-39.

Clark, C. R., Hemming, R., and Ulph, D. (1981). ‘On Indices for the Measurement of Poverty', Economic Journal, 91(362): 515-26.

Clark, D. A. (2008). ‘The Capability Approach: Its Development, Critiques and Recent Advances', in R. Ghosh, K. R. Gupta, and P. Maiti (eds), Development Studies. New Delhi: Atlantic Books and Distributors, ii.105-27.

Clark, D. A. (2012). Adaptation, Poverty and Development: The Dynamics of Subjective Well-Being. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Clark, D. A. and Hulme, D. (2010). ‘Poverty, Time and Vagueness: Integratingthe Core Poverty and Chronic Poverty Frameworks', Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34(2): 347-66.

Clarke, M. (2013). ‘Good Works and God's Work: A Case Study of Churches and Community Development in Vanuatu', Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 54(3): 340-51.

Coady, D., Grosh, M., and Hoddinott, J. (2004). Targeting of Transfers in Developing Countries: Review of Lessons and Experience. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Cohen, A. (2010). ‘The Multidimensional PovertyAssessmentTool: A New FrameworkforMeasuring Rural Poverty', Development in Practice, 20(7): 887-97.

Cohen, A. and Saisana, M. (2014). ‘Quantifying the Qualitative: Eliciting Expert Input to Develop the Multidimensional Poverty Assessment Tool’, Journal of Development Studies, 50(1): 35-50.

Cohen, G. A. (1989). ‘On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice', Ethics, 99(4): 906-44.

Cohen, L., Manion, L., and Morrison, K. (2000). Research Methods in Education, 5th edn. London: Routledge Falmer.

CONEVAL (2009). ‘Programa Anual de Evaluacion para el Ejercicio Fiscal 2009 de los Programas Federales de la Administracion Publica Federal’. Consejo Nacional de Evaluacion de la Politica de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL),.

CONEVAL (2010). Methodologyfor Multidimensional Poverty Measurement in Mexico. Consejo Nacional de Evaluacion de la Politica de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL).

Coste, J., Bouee, S., Ecosse, E., Leplege, A., and Pouchot, J. (2005). ‘Methodological Issues in Determining the Dimensionality of Composite Health Measures Using Principal Component Analysis: Case Illustration and Suggestions for Practice’, Quality of Life Research, 14: 641-54.

Cowell, F. A. (1980). ‘Generalized Entropy and the Measurement of Distributional Change’, European Economic Review, 13(1): 147-59.

Cowell, F. A. (1989). ‘Sampling Variance and Decomposable Inequality Measures’, Journal of Econometrics, 42(1): 27-41.

Cowell, F A. (2000). ‘Measurement of Inequality’, in A. Atkinson and F. Bourguignon (eds), Handbook of Income Distribution. Amsterdam: Elsevier, i.87-166.

Cowell, F. A. and Kuga, K. (1981). AdditivityandtheEntropyConcept: AnAxiomaticApproachto Inequality Measurement’, Journal of Economic Theory, 25(1): 131-43.

Crocker, D. (2009). Ethics of Global Development: Agency, Capability, and Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Curran, C. E. (2002). Catholic Social Teaching, 1891-Present: A Historical, Theological, and Ethical Analysis. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

DAmbrosio, C., Deutsch, J., and Silber, J. (2011). ‘Multidimensional Approaches to Poverty Measurement: An Empirical Analysis of Poverty in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy and Spain, Based on the European Panel’, Applied Economics, 43(8): 951-61.

Dag Hammarskjold Foundation (1976). What Now? Another Development. The 1975 Reporton Development and International Cooperation. Motala, Sweden: Motala Grafiska.

Dalton, H. (1920). ‘The Measurement ofthe Inequality of Incomes’, The Economic Journal, 31(121): 348-61.

Datt, G. (2013). ‘Making Every Dimension Count: Multidimensional Povertywithout the “Dual Cut-Off”’, Monash Economics Working Papers 32-13.

Davidson, R. and Duclos, J.-Y. (2000). ‘Statistical Inference for Stochastic Dominance and for the Measurement of Poverty and Inequality’, Econometrica, 68: 1435-64.

Davidson, R. and Duclos, J.-Y. (2012). ‘Testing for Restricted Stochastic Dominance’, Econometric Reviews, 32(1): 84-125.

Davidson, R. and Flachaire, E. (2007). ‘Asymptotic and Bootstrap Inference for Inequality and Poverty Measures’, Journal of Econometrics, 141(1): 141-66.

Davies, R. (1997). ‘Beyond Wealth Ranking: The Democratic Definition and Measurement of Poverty’. Briefing note prepared for the ODI Workshop ‘Indicators of Poverty: Operational Significance’ in London, October.

Davies, R. and Smith, W. (1998). The Basic Necessities Survey (BNS): The Experience of ActionAid Vietnam. Hanoi: ActionAid.

Deaton, A. (1992). Understanding Consumption. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress.

Deaton, A. (1997). The Analysis of Household Surveys: A Microeconometric Approach to Development Policy. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.

Deaton, A. and Grosh, M. (2000). ‘Consumption’, in M. Grosh and P. Glewwe (eds), Designing Household Survey QuestionnairesforDevelopingCountries: Lessonsfrom 15 Years of the Living Standards Measurement Study. Washington, DC: World Bank, iii.91-133.

Deaton, A. and Kozel, V. (2005). ‘Data and Dogma: The Great Indian Poverty Debate', World Bank Research Observer, 20(2): 177-99.

Deaton, A. and Muellbauer, J. (1980). Economics and Consumer Behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Decancq, K. (2012). ‘Elementary Multivariate Rearrangements and Stochastic Dominance on a Frechet Class', Journal of Economic Theory, 147(4): 1450-9.

Decancq, K. and Lugo, M. A. (2012). ‘Weights in Multidimensional Indices of Well-Being: An Overview', Econometric Reviews, 32(1): 7-34.

Decancq, K. and Neumann, D. (2014). ‘Inclusive and Multidimensional Methodologies for Measuring Well-Being: An Empirical Comparison', in M. D. Adler and M. Fleurbaey (eds), Oxford Handbook on Well-Being and Public Policy (forthcoming).

Decancq, K., Fleurbaey, M., and Maniquet, F. (2014). ‘Multidimensional Poverty Measurement with Individual Preferences', Princeton University William S. Dietrich II Economic Theory Center Research Paper 058.

Decancq, K., Van Ootegem, L., and Verhofstadt, E. (2011). ‘What if We Voted on the Weights of a Multidimensional Well-Being Index? An Illustration with Flemish Data', Fiscal Studies, 34(3): 315-32.

Delors, J. (1971). Les indicateurs sociaux. Paris: Futuribles.

Deneulin, S. (2014). Wellbeing, Justice and Development Ethics, Human Development and Capability Debates Series. London: Routledge.

Deneulin, S. and Shahani, L. (2009). An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency. London: Earthscan.

Dercon, S. and Shapiro, J. (2007). ‘Moving On, Staying Behind, Getting Lost: Lessons on Poverty Mobility from Longitudinal Data', in D. Narayan and P. Petesch (eds), Moving out of Poverty. Washington, DC: World Bank, i.77-126.

Desai, M. and Shah, A. (1988). An Econometric Approach to the Measurement of Poverty’, Oxford Economic Papers, 40(3): 505-22.

Deutsch, J. and Silber, J. (2005). ‘Measuring Multidimensional Poverty: An Empirical Comparison of Various Approaches', Review of Income and Wealth, 51(1): 145-74.

Deutsch, J., Guio, A. C., Pomati, M., and Silber, J. (2014). ‘Material Deprivation in Europe: Which Expenditures are Curtailed First?', Social Indicators Research (April), DOI 10.1007∕s11205-014-0618-6.

Deutsch, J., Lazar, A., and Silber, J. (2013). ‘Becoming Poor and the Cutback in the Demand for Health Services in Israel', Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 2(1): 49-58.

Deutsch, J. and Silber, J. (2008). ‘The Order of Acquisition of Durable Goods and the Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty', in N. Kakwani and J. Silber (eds), QuantitativeApproaches to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 226-43.

Deutsch, J., Silber, J., and Verme, P. (2012). ‘On Social Exclusion in Macedonia: Measurement and Determinants’, in C. RuggeriLaderchiandS. Savastano (eds), Poverty and Exclusion in the WesternBalkans: New Directions in Measurement and Policy. New York: Springer, ch. 7.

DHS Bangladesh (2007): National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, and Macro International (2009). Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2007. Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Calverton, MD: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and Macro International.

DHS Senegal (2005): Ndiaye, Salif and Ayad, Mohamed (2006). Enquete Demographique et de Sante au Senegal 2005. Calverton, MD: Centre de Recherche pour le Developpement Humain (Senegal) and ORC Macro.

Dickerson, A. and Popli, G. (2013). ‘The Many Dimensions for Child Poverty: Evidence from the UK Millennium’. Paper presented at the V ECINEQ Meeting, Bari, Italy.

Di Tommaso, M. (2007). ‘Children Capabilities: A Structural Equation Model for India’, Journal of Socio-Economics, 36(3): 436-50.

Dobson, A. J. (2001). An Introduction to Generalized Linear Models. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.

Dollar, D. and Kraay, A. (2004). ‘Trade, Growth, and Poverty’, The Economic Journal, 114(493): F22-F49.

Dreze, J. and Khera, R. (2010). ‘The BPL Census and a Possible Alternative’, Economic and Political Weekly, 45(9): 54-63.

Dreze, J. and Sen, A. (2002). India: Development and Participation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Dreze, J. and Sen, A. (2013). Uncertain Glory: India and its Contradictions. London: Allen Lane.

Dryzek, J. (2010). Foundations and Frontiers of Deliberative Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Dubois, D. and Prade, H. (1980). Fuzzy Sets and Systems: Theory and Applications. New York: Academic Press.

Dubois, W E. B. (1899, 1967). The Philadelphia Negro. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press.

Duclos, J.-Y. and Araar, A. (2006). Poverty and Equity: Measurement, Policy and Estimation with DAD. Berlin and Ottawa: Springer.

Duclos, J. Y. and Echevin, D. (2011). ‘Health and Income: A Robust Comparison of Canada and the US’, Journal of Health Economics, 30(2): 293-302.

Duclos, J. Y., Sahn, D. E., and Younger, S. D. (2006a). ‘Robust Multidimensional Poverty Comparisons’, The Economic Journal, 116(514): 943-68.

Duclos, J. Y., Sahn, D. E., and Younger, S. D. (2006b). ‘Robust Multidimensional Spatial Poverty Comparisons in Ghana, Madagascar, and Uganda’, World Bank Economic Review, 20(1): 91-113.

Duclos, J. Y., Sahn, D. E., and Younger, S. D. (2011). ‘Partial Multidimensional Inequality Orderings’, Journal of Public Economics, 95(3-4): 225-38.

Duclos, J.-Y., Tiberti, L., and Araar, A. (2013). ‘Multidimensional Poverty Targeting’, Cahiers de recherche 1339, CIRPEE.

Dworkin, R. (1986). Law’s Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Dworkin, R. (2000). Equality and Capability. Cambridge. MA: Harvard University Press.

Efron, B. (1979). ‘Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife’, The Annals of Statistics, 7(1): 1-26.

Efron, B. and Tibshirani, R. (1993). An Introduction to the Bootstrap. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.

Elbers, C., Fujii, T., Lanjouw, P., Ozler, B, and Yin, W. (2007). ‘Poverty Alleviation through Geographic Targeting: How Much Does Disaggregation Help?’, Journal of Development Economics, 83(1): 198-213.

Elbers, C., Lanjouw, J. O., and Lanjouw, P. (2002). ‘Micro-level Estimation of Poverty and Inequality’, Econometrica, 71(1): 355-64.

Erikson, R. (1993). ‘Descriptions of Inequality: The Swedish Approach to Welfare Research’, in M. Nussbaum and A. K. Sen (eds), The Quality of Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 67-83.

Eurobarometer (2007). Special Eurobarometer 279/Wave 67.1: Poverty and Exclusion: Report. European Commission.

Eurostat (2002). Statistiques Sociales Europeennes: Deuxieme rapport sur le revenu, la pauvrete et !exclusion sociale. Luxembourg: Office des publications officielles des Communautes europeennes.

Fattore, M., Maggino, F., and Colombo, E. (2012). ‘From Composite Indicators to Partial Orders: Evaluating Socio-Economic Phenomena through Ordinal Data’, in F. Maggino and G. Nuvolati (eds), Quality of Life in Italy, Social Indicators Research Series 48. Dordrecht: Springer, 41-68.

Fay, M., Leipziger, D., Wodon, Q., and Yepes, T. (2005). Achieving Child-Health-Related Millennium Development Goals: The Role of Infrastructure’, World Development, 33(8): 1267-84.

Feres, J. C. and Mancero, X. (2001). ‘El metodo de las necesidades basicas insatisfechas (NBI) y sus aplicaciones a America Latina’, Series Estudios Estadisticos y Prospectivos 4. CEPAL, Naciones Unidas, Santiago de Chile.

Ferreira, F. H. G. (2011). ‘Poverty Is Multidimensional. ButWhat Are We GoingTo Do About It?’ Journal of Economic Inequality, 9(3): 493-5.

Ferreira, F. H. G. and Lugo, M. A. (2013). ‘Multidimensional PovertyAnalysis: LookingforaMiddle Ground’ World Bank Research Observer, 28(2): 220-35.

Fields, G. S. (2001). Distribution and Development: A New Look at the Developing World. New York: Russell Sage Foundation and Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Filmer, D. and Pritchett, L. H. (1999). ‘The Effect of Household Wealth on Educational Attainment: Evidence From 35 Countries’, Population and Development Review, 25(1): 85-120.

Filmer, D. and Pritchett, L. H. (2001). ‘Estimating Wealth Effects without Expenditure Data—or Tears: An Application to Educational Enrolments in States of India’ Demography, 38(1): 115-32.

Finnis, J. (1997). ‘Commensuration and Public Reason’ in R. Chang (ed.), Incommensurability, Incomparab­ility, and Practical Reasoning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 215-33.

Finnis, J. (1998). Aquinas: Moral, Political, and Legal Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Firth, D. (1991). ‘Generalized Linear Models’ in D. V Hinkley, N. Reid, and E. J. Snell (eds), Statistical Theory and Modeling. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall.

Fisher, R. A. (1940). ‘The Precision of Discriminant Functions’ Annals of Eugenics, 10: 422-9.

Fiszbein, A. and Schady, N. (2009). ‘Conditional Cash Transfer: Reducing Present and Future Poverty’ World Bank Policy Research Report 47603.

Fleurbaey, M. (2002). ‘Development, Capabilities, and Freedom’, Studies in Comparative International Development, 37(2): 71-7.

Fleurbaey, M. (2006a). ‘Social Welfare, Priority to the Worst-Off and the Dimensions of Individual Well-Being’ in F. Farina and E. Savaglio (eds), Inequality and Economic Integration. London: Routledge, 225-68.

Fleurbaey, M. (2006b). ‘Capabilities, Functionings and Refined Functionings’ Journal of Human Etevelop- ment, 7(3): 299-310.

Fleurbaey, M. and Blanchet, D. (2013). Beyond GDP: Measuring Welfare and Assessing Sustainability. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fleurbaey, M. and Maniquet, F. O. (2011). A Theory of Fairness and Social Welfare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Fleurbaey, M. and Maniquet, F. O. (2012). Equality of Opportunity: The Economics of Responsibility. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.

Florez, C. E., Sanchez, L. M., and Espinosa, F. (2008). Diseno delIndice SISBEN en su tercera version (Resumen Ejecutivo). Colombia: Departamento Nacional de Planeacion.

Florez, C. E., Sanchez, L. M., Espinosa, F., and Angulo, R. (2011). The SISBENIII Index. Paper presented at the HDCA Conference 2011, The Hague, 5-8 September.

Foster, J. E. (1985) ‘Inequality Measurement’ in H. Peyton Young (ed.), Fair Allocation. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 31-68.

Foster, J. E. (2006). ‘Poverty Indices’ in A. de Janvry and R. Kanbur (eds), Poverty, Inequality and Development: Essays in Honor to Erik Thorbecke. NewYork: Springer, 41-66.

Foster, J. E. (2009). ‘A Class of Chronic Poverty Measures’, in T. Addison, D. Hulme, and R. Kanbur (eds), Poverty Dynamics: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 59-76.

Foster, J. E. (2010). ‘Freedom, Opportunity and Wellbeing', in K. Arrow, A. Sen, and K. Suzumura (eds), Handbook of Social Choice and Welfare. Amsterdam: Elsevier, ii.687-728.

Foster, J. E. and Santos, M. E. (2013). ‘Measuring Chronic Poverty', in G. Betti and A. Lemmi (eds), Poverty and Social Exclusion: New Methods of Analysis. London: Routledge, 143-65.

Foster, J. E. and Shorrocks, A. F. (1988a). ‘Poverty Orderings and Welfare Dominance', Social Choice and Welfare, 5(2-3): 179-98.

Foster, J. E. and Shorrocks, A. F. (1988b). ‘Poverty Orderings’, Econometrica, 56(1): 173-7.

Foster, J. E. and Shorrocks, A. F. (1991). ‘Subgroup Consistent Poverty Indices', Econometrica, 59(3): 687-709.

Foster, J. E. and Sen, A. K. (1997). ‘On Economic Inequality after a Quarter Century', an annex to A. Sen, On Economic Inequality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 107-220.

Foster, J. E. and Szekely, M. (2008). ‘Is Economic Growth Good for the Poor? Tracking Low Incomes Using General Means', International Economic Review, 49(4): 1143-72.

Foster, J. E., Seth, S., Lokshin, M., and Sajaia, Z. (2013). A Unified Approach to Measuring Poverty and Inequality: Theory and Practice. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Foster, J. E., Greer, J., and Thorbecke, E. (1984). A Class of Decomposable Poverty Measures', Econometrica, 52(3): 761-6.

Foster, J. E., Greer, J., and Thorbecke, E. (2010). ‘The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) Poverty Measures: 25 Years Later’, Journal of Economic Inequality, 8(4): 491-524.

Foster, J. E., Horowitz, A. W., and Mendez, F. (2012). An Axiomatic Approach to the Measurement of Corruption: Theory and Applications', World Bank Economic Review, 26(2): 217-35.

Foster J. E., McGillivray, M., and Seth, S. (2009). ‘Rank Robustness of Composite Indices', OPHI Working Paper 26, University of Oxford.

Foster, J. E., McGillivray, M., and Seth, S. (2012). ‘Rank Robustness of Composite Indices: Dominance and Ambiguity’, OPHI Working Paper 26b, University of Oxford.

Foster, J. E., McGillivray, M., and Seth, S. (2013). ‘Composite Indices: Rank Robustness, Statistical Association and Redundancy’, Econometric Reviews, 32(1): 35-56.

Fox, J. (2008). Applied Regression Analysis and Generalized Linear Models. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Fukuda-Parr, S. and Kumar, A. K. S. (2003). Readings in Human Development: Concepts, Measures, and Policies for a Development Paradigm. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fusco, A., Guio, A.-C., and Marlier, E. (2011). ‘Income Poverty and Material Deprivation in European Countries', CEPS/INSTEAD Working Paper 2011-04.

Gajdos, T. and Weymark, J. A. (2005). ‘Multidimensional Generalized Gini Indices', Economic Theory, 26(3): 471-96.

Galtung, J. (1980). ‘The Basic Needs Approach’, in K. Lederer, D. Antal, and J. Galtung (eds), Human Needs: A Contribution to the Current Debate. Cambridge: Oelgeschlager, Gunn & Hain, 55-125.

Galtung, J. (1994). Human Rights in Another Key. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Garcia-Diaz, R. (2013). ‘Poverty Orderings with Asymmetric Attributes', The B. E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, 13(1): 347-61.

Gardiner, K. and Evans, M. (2011). ‘Exploring Poverty Gaps among Children in the UK', Department for Work and Pensions Working Paper 103.

Garnett, J. C. (1919). ‘General Ability, Cleverness and Purpose’, British Journal of Psychology, 1904-1920, 9(3-4): 345-66.

Gekker, R. (2001). ‘On the Axiomatic Approach to Freedom as Opportunity: A General Characterization Result', Mathematical Social Sciences, 42(2): 169-77.

Gifi, A. (1990). Nonlinear Multivariate Analysis. NewYork: John Wiley.

Gillie, A. (1996). ‘The Origin of the Poverty Line', Economic History Review, 49(4): 715-30.

GOI (2009). Report of the Expert Group to Review the Methodology for Estimation of Poverty. New Delhi: Government of India (GOI), Planning Commission.

Gonner, C., Cahyat, A., Haug, M., and Limberg, G. (2007). Towards Wellbeing: Monitoring Poverty in Kutai Barat, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).

Gordon, D. and Pantazis, C. (1997). Breadline Britain in the 1990s. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Gordon, D., Levitas, R., Pantazis, C., Patsios, D., Payne, S., and Townsend, P. (2000). Poverty and Social Exclusion in Britain. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

Gordon, D., Pantazis, C., and Townsend, P. (2001). Child Rights and Child Poverty in Developing Countries. Bristol: Centre of International Poverty Research, University of Bristol.

Gordon, D., Nandy, S., Pantazis, C., Pemberton, S., and Townsend, P. (2003). Child Poverty in the Developing World. Bristol: Policy Press.

Gourieroux, C., Monfort, A., and Trognon, A. (1984). ‘Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Methods: Theory', Eco- nometrica, 52(3): 681-700.

Grab, J. and Grimm, M. (2011). ‘Robust Multiperiod Poverty Comparisons'. Journal of Statistics: Advances in Theory and Applications, 6(1-2): 19-54.

Gradin, C. (2013). ‘Race, Poverty and Deprivation in South Africa’, Journal of African Economies, 22(2): 187-238.

Gradin, C., del Rio, C., and Canto, O. (2012). ‘Measuring Poverty Accounting for Time', Review of Income and Wealth, 58(2): 330-54

Gravel, N. (1994). ‘Can a Ranking of OpportunitySets Attach an Intrinsic Importanceto Freedom of Choice', American Economic Review, 84(2): 454-8.

Gravel, N. (1998). ‘Ranking Opportunity Sets on the Basis of their Freedom of Choice and their Ability to SatisfyPreferences: A Difficulty', Social Choice and Welfare, 15(3): 371-82.

Gravel, N. and Mukhopadhyay, A. (2010). ‘Is India Better Off Today Than 15 Years Ago? A Robust Multidimensional Answer’ Journal of Economic Inequality, 8(2): 173-95.

Greenacre, M. J. (1984). Theory and Applications of Correspondence Analysis. NewYork: Academic Press.

Greenacre, M. J. and Blasius, J. (eds) (2006). Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Related Methods. London: Chapman & Hall.

Griffin, J. (1986). Well-Being: Its Meaning, Measurement, and Moral Importance. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Griffin, J. (1996). Value Judgement: Improving our Ethical Beliefs. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Grosh, M. and Glewwe, P. (2000). Designing Household Survey Questionnaires for Developing Countries: Lessons from 15 Years of the Living Standard Measurement Study, i. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Grusky, D. B. and Kanbur, R. (eds) (2006). Poverty and Inequality. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Guio, A.-C. (2005). ‘Material Deprivation in the EU. Statistics in Focus, Population and Social Conditions, Living Conditions and Welfare, 21/2005.

Guio, A.-C. (2009). ‘What Can Be Learned from Deprivation Indicators in Europe?' Paper presented at the Indicator Subgroup of the Social Protection Committee, 10 February.

Guio, A.-C., Fusco, A., and Marlier, E. (2009). A European Union Approach to Material Deprivation Using EU-SILC and Eurobarometer Data', CEPS/INSTEAD, IRISS Working Paper 2009-19.

Guio, A.-C., Gordon, D., and Marlier, E. (2012). ‘Measuring Material Deprivation in the EU: Indicators for the Whole Population and Child-Specific Indicators'. Mimeo.

Guio, A.-C. and Maquet, I. E. (2006). “‘Material Deprivation and Poor Housing”: What Can Be Learned from the EU-SILC 2004 Data? How can EU-SILC Be Improved in this Matter?’. Draft paper for the conference ‘Comparative EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions: Issues and Challenges’, Helsinki, November.

Gunewardena, D. (2004). Poverty Measurement: Meanings, Methods and Requirements. Colombo: Centre for Poverty Analysis.

Guttman, L. (1941). ‘The Quantification of a Class of Attributes: ATheoryandMethod of Scale Construction’, in P. Horst (ed.), The Prediction of Personal Adjustment. New York: Social Science Research Council, 321-48.

Guttman, L. (1977). ‘What Is Not What in Statistics’, The Statistician, 26(2): 81-107.

Gwatkin, D. R., Rutstein, S., Johnson, K., Pande, R., and Wagstaff, A. (2000). Socio-Economic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population within Developing Countries. HNP/Poverty Thematic Group. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Hagenaars, A., de Vos, K., and Zaidi, M. A. (1994). Poverty Statistics in the Late 1980s: Research Based on Micro-Data. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

Hagerty, M. R., Cummins, R. A., Ferris, A. L., Land, K., Michalos, A. C., Peterson, M., Sharpe, A., Sirgy, J., and Vogel, J. (2001). ‘Quality of Life Indexes for National Policy: Review and Agenda for Research’, Social Indicators Research, 55(1): 1-96.

Hallerod, B. (1994). ANewApproachto DirectMeasurement of Consensual Poverty’, SPRCDiscussion Paper 50.

Hallerod, B. (1995). ‘The Truly Poor: Direct and Indirect Consensual Measurement of Poverty in Sweden’, Journal of European Social Policy, 5(2): 111-29.

Hallerod, B., Larsson, D., Gordon, D., and Ritakallio, V-M. (2006). ‘Relative Deprivation: A Comparative Analysis of Britain, Finland and Sweden’, Journal of European Social Policy, 16: 328-45.

Hametner, M., Dimitrova, A., Endl, A., Fliedner, J., Schwab, S., Umpfenback, K., and Timeus Cerezo, K. (eds) (2013). ‘Poverty and Social Exclusion’, in I. Savova (ed.-in-chief), Smarter, Greener, MoreInclusive? Indicators to Support the Europe 2020 Strategy. Luxembourg: Eurostat, European Commission, ch. 5.

Hamilton, L. (2003). The Political Philosophy of Needs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hansen, J. P. (2003). ‘CAN’T MISS—Conquer any Number Task by Making Important Statistics Simple. Part 1: Types of Variables, Mean, Median, Variance and Standard Deviation’, Journalfor Healthcare Quality, 25(4): 19-24.

Haughton, J. H. and Khandker, S. R. (2009). Handbook on Poverty and Inequality. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Hentschel, J. and Lanjouw, P. (2000). ‘Household Welfare Measurement and the Pricing of Basic Services’, Journal of International Development, 12(1): 13-27.

Herrera, A. O., Scolnik, H. D., Chichilnisky, G., Gallopin, G. C., et al. (1976). Catastrophe or New Society? A Latin America World Model, IDRC-064e. Ottawa: IDRC.

Hicks, N. and Streeten, P. (1979). ‘Indicators of Development: The Search for a Basic Needs Yardstick’, World Development, 7(6): 567-80.

Hidalgo-Capitan, A., Guillen, A., and Deleg, N. (2014). Sumak Kawsay Yuyay: Antologia del pensamiento indigenista ecuatoriano sobre Sumak Kawsay, CIM-FIUCUHU-PYDLOS, Huelva y Cuenca.

High-Level Panel (2013). A New Global Partnership: Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economics through Sustainable Development: The Report of the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda. New York: United Nations Publications.

Hirschfeld, H. O. (1935). ‘A Connection between Correlation and Contingency’, Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 31(4): 520-4.

Hirway, I. (2003). ‘Identification of BPL Households for Poverty Alleviation Programmes’, Economic and Political Weekly, 38(45): 4803-38.

Hollen Lees, L. (1998). The Solidarities of Strangers: The English Poor Laws and the People, 1700-1948. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hotelling, H. (1933). ‘Analysis of a Complex of Statistical Variables into Principal Components’, Journal of Educational Psychology, 24(6): 417-41.

Hoy, M. and Zheng, B. (2011). ‘Measuring Lifetime Poverty’, Journal of Economic Theory, 146(6): 2544-62.

H0yland, B., Moene, K., and Willumsen, F. (2012). ‘The Tyranny of International Index Rankings’, Journal of Development Economics, 97(1): 1-14.

Hugo, V (2007). Hugos Works: Les Miserables, iii. Rockville: Wildside Press.

Hulme, D. and Shepherd, A. (2003). ‘Conceptualizing Chronic Poverty’, World Development, 31(3): 403-23.

Hulme, D., Moore, K., and Shepherd, A. (2001). ‘Chronic Poverty: Meanings and Analytical Frameworks’, CPRC Working Paper 2.

IISD (2009). BellagioSTAMP: SusTainability Assessment and Measurement Principles. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), OECD.

ILO (1976). Meeting Basic Needs: StrategiesforEradicatingMass Poverty and Unemployment: Conclusions of the World Employment Conference. Geneva: International Labour Organization.

INDEC (1984). La Pobreza en la Argentina, Indicadores de Necesidades Basicas Insatisfechas a partir de los datos del censo nacional de Poblacion y Vivienda 1980. Buenos Aires: Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas y Censos (INDEC), Presidencia de la Nacion, Secretaria de planificacion.

Jain, S. K. (2004). ‘Identification of the Poor: Flaws in Government Surveys’, Economic and Political Weekly, 39(46): 4981-4.

Jalan, J. and Murgai, R. (2007). An Effective ‘Targeting Shortcut’? An Assessment of the 2002 Below-Poverty Line Census Method. Mimeo, World Bank.

Jalan, J. and Ravallion, M. (1998). ‘Transient Poverty in Post-Reform Rural China’, Journal of Comparative Economics, 26: 338-57.

Jamieson, S. (2004). ‘Likert Scales: Howto (Ab)use Them’, Medical Education, 38(12): 1217-18.

Janvry, A. de and Sadoulet, E. (2010). ‘Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction: Additional Evidence’, The World Bank Research Observer, 25(1): 1-20.

Japan Commission on MeasuringWell-Being (JCMW) (2011). Measuring National Well-Being: Proposed Well-Being Indicators, The Commission on Measuring Well-Being, Japan.

Jayaraj, D. and Subramanian, S. (2009). ‘A Chakravarty-DAmbrosio View of Multidimensional Deprivation: Some Estimates for India’, Economic and Political Weekly, 45(6): 53-65.

Jenkins, S. P. and Lambert, P. J. (1998). ‘Three “I”s of Poverty CurvesandPoverty Dominance: TipsforPoverty Analysis’, Research on Economic Inequality, 8: 39-56.

Jenkins, S. P. and Micklewright, J. (eds) (2007). Inequality and Poverty Re-examined. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Joe, H. (1990). ‘Multivariate Concordance’, Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 35(1): 12-30.

Johansson, S. (1973). ‘The Level of Living Survey: A Presentation’, Acta Sociologica, 16(3): 211-19.

Jolliffe, I. T (2002). Principal Component Analysis, 2nd edn. NewYork: Springer.

Joreskog, K. G. (1970). ‘A General Method for Analysis of Covariance Structures’, Biometrika, 57(2): 239-51.

Joreskog, K. G. and Moustaki, I. (2001). ‘Factor Analysis or Ordinal Variables: A Comparison of Three Approaches’, Multivariate Behavioral Research, 36(3): 347-87.

Joreskog, K. G. and Sorbom, D. (1979). Advances in Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Models. Cambridge, MA: Abt Books.

Joreskog, K. G. and Sorbom, D. (1999). LISREL 8 User’s Reference Guide. Lincolnwood, IL: ScientificSoftware International.

Kahneman, D. and Krueger, A. (2006). ‘Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1): 3-24.

Kakwani, N. and Silber, J. (eds) (2008). Quantitative Approaches to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Kannai, Y. (1980). ‘The ALEP Definition of Complementarity and Least Concave Utility Functions’, Journal of Economic Theory, 22(1): 115-17.

Kast, M. and Molina, S. (1975). Mapa de la extrema pobreza. Santiago: Odeplan, Escuela de Economia Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile.

Kaztman, R. (1989). ‘La Heterogeneidad de la Pobreza. El Caso de Montevideo’, Revista de la Cepal, 37: 141-52.

Kaztman, R. (1996). ‘Virtudes y Limitaciones de los Mapas Censales de Carencias Criticas', Revista de la Cepal, 58: 23-32.

Kearns, A., Gibb, K., and Mackay, D. (2000). Area Deprivation in Scotland: A New Assessment’, Urban Studies, 37(9): 1535-60.

Kendall, M. G. (1970). Rank Correlation Methods. London: Griffin.

Kendall, M. G. and Gibbons, J. D. (1990). Rank Correlation Method. London: Edward Arnold.

Khan, S. N. and Qutub, S. (2010). ‘The Benazir Income Support Programme and the Zakat Programme: A Political Economy Analysis of Gender’. London: Overseas Development Institute (ODI).

Klasen, S. (2000). ‘Measuring Poverty and Deprivation in South Africa’, Review of Income and Wealth, 46(1): 33-58.

Klasen, S. (2008). ‘Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction: Measurement Issues Using Income and Non-income Indicators’, World Development, 36(3): 420-45.

Klemisch-Ahlert, M. (1993). ‘Freedom of Choice: A Comparison of Different Rankings of Opportunity Sets’, Social Choice and Welfare, 10(3): 189-207.

Klugman, J. (2002). A Sourcebook for Poverty Reduction Strategies. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Kolm, S. C. (1976a). ‘Unequal Inequalities. I’, Journal of Economic Theory, 12(3): 416-42.

Kolm, S. C. (1976b). ‘Unequal Inequalities. II’, Journal of Economic Theory, 13(1): 82-111.

Kolm, S. C. (1977). ‘Multidimensional Egalitarianisms’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 91(1): 1-13.

Krishnakumar, J. and Ballon, P. (2008). ‘Estimating Basic Capabilities: A Structural Equation Model Applied to Bolivia’, World Development, 36(6): 992-1010.

Krishnakumar, J. and Nagar, A. (2008). ‘On Exact Statistical Properties of Multidimensional Indices Based on Principal Components, Factor Analysis, MIMIC and Structural Equation Models’, Social Indicators Research, 86(3): 481-96.

Kuklys, W. (2005). Amartya Sen’s CapabilityApproach: Theoretical Insights and Empirical Applications. Berlin: Springer.

Kullback, S. and Leibler, R. A. (1951). ‘On Information and Sufficiency’, Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 22(1): 79-86.

Labar, K. and Bresson, F. (2011). ‘A MultidimensionalAnalysis of Poverty in Chinafrom 1991 to 2006’, China Economic Review, 22(4): 646-68.

Layard, R. (2005). Happiness: Lessons from a New Science. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Land, K. C., Ferriss, A., Michalos, A. C., and Sirgy, M. J. (2012). ‘Prologue: Social Indicators and Quality of Life’ in K. C. Land, A. C. Michalos, and M. J. Sirgy (eds), Handbook of Social Indicators and Quality of Life Research. NewYork: Springer, 1-22.

Land, K. C., Michalos, A. C., and Sirgy, M. J. (2012). Handbook of Social Indicators and Quality of Life Research. New York: Springer.

Lanjouw, P. and Ravallion, M. (1995). ‘Poverty and Household Size', The Economic Journal, 105(433): 1415-34.

Larochelle, C., Alwang, J., and Taruvinga, N. (2014). ‘Inter-temporal Changes in Well-Being during Conditions of Hyperinflation: Evidence from Zimbabwe’ Journal of African Economics, 23(2): 225-56.

Lasso de la Vega, M. C. (2010). ‘Counting Poverty Orderings and Deprivation Curves’ in J. A. Bishop (ed.), Studies in Applied Welfare Analysis: Papers from the Third ECINEQ Meeting. Research on Economic Inequality 18. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing, 153-72 (ch. 7).

Lawley, D. N. and Maxwell, A. E. (1971). Factor Analysis as a Statistical Method, 2nd edn. London: Butterworth.

Layte, R., Maitre, B., Nolan, B., Watson, D., Williams, J., and Casey, B. (2000). ‘Monitoring Poverty Trends: Results from the 1998 Living in Ireland Survey’ ESRI Working Paper 132.

Layte, R., Maitre, B., Nolan, B., and Whelan, C. (2001). ‘Persistent and Consistent Poverty in the 1994 and 1995 Waves of the European Community Household Panel Survey’ Review of Income and Wealth, 47(4): 427-49.

League of Arab States, UNDP, PAPFAM (2009). ‘Poverty and Deprivation in Arab States: A Comparative Study of Seven Countries Based on PAPFAM Surveys 2001-2004’

Leavy, J. and Howard, J., et al. (2013). What Matters Most? Evidence from 84 Participatory Studies with Those Living with Extreme Poverty and Marginalisation. Participate, Brighton: IDS.

Lelli, S. (2001). ‘Factor Analysis vs. Fuzzy Sets Theory: Assessingthe Influence of Different Techniques on Sen's Functioning Approach’ Center of Economic Studies Discussion Paper, 01.21.

Lemmi, A. and Betti, G. (2006). Fuzzy Set Approach to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement. New York: Springer.

Lenoir, R. (1974). LesExclus. Paris: Seuil.

Lewis, C. I. (1918). A Survey of Symbolic Logic. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Likert, R. (1932). A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes’ Archives of Psychology, 140: 1-55.

Lin, W. and Wong, C. (2012). Are Beijing's Equalization Policies Reaching the Poor? An Analysis of Direct Subsidies under the “Three Rurals” (Sannong)’ China Journal, 67: 23-45.

Lord, F. M. (1953). ‘On the Statistical Treatment of Football Numbers’ American Psychologist, 8: 750-1.

Luce, R. D. (1956). ‘Semiorders and a Theory of Utility Discrimination’ Econometrica, 24: 178-91.

Luce, R. D. (1959). ‘On the Possible Psychophysical Laws’ Psychological Review, 66(2): 81-95.

Maasoumi, E. (1986). ‘The Measurement and Decomposition of Multi-Dimensional Inequality’ Economet- rica, 54(4): 991-7.

Maasoumi, E. (1993). ‘A Compendium to Information Theoryin Economics and Econometrics’ Econometric Reviews, 12(2): 137-81.

Maasoumi, E. and Lugo, M. A. (2008). ‘The Information Basis of Multivariate Poverty Assessments', in N. Kakwani and J. Silber. (eds), Quantitative Approaches to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1-29.

Mack, J. and Lansley, S. (1985). Poor Britain. London: Allen and Unwin.

Maggino, F. (2009). ‘Towards More Participative Methods in the Construction of Social Indicators: Survey Techniques Aimed at Determining Importance Weights’. Paper presented at 62nd Annual Conference of the World Association for Public Opinion Research, Lausanne, 11-13 September.

Maggino, F. and Zumbo, B. D. (2012). ‘Measuring the Quality of Life and the Construction of Social Indicators’, in K. C. Land, A. C. Michalos, and M. J. Sirgy (eds), Handbook of Social Indicators and Quality of Life Research. New York: Springer, 201-38.

Maitre, B., Nolan, B., and Whelan, C. T. (2013). ‘A Critical Evaluation of the EU 2020 Poverty and Social Exclusion Target: An Analysis of EU-SILC 2009’, GINI Discussion Paper 79, August,.

Makdissi, P., Sylla, D., and Yazbeck, M. (2013). ‘Decomposing Health Achievement and Socioeco­nomic Health Inequalities in Presence of Multiple Categorical Information’, Economic Modelling, 35: 964-8.

Makdissi, P. and Wodon, Q. (2004). ‘Fuzzy Targeting Indices and Ordering’, Bulletin of Economic Research, 56(1): 41-51.

Marcus-Roberts, H. and Roberts, F. S. (1987). ‘Meaningless Statistics’, Journal of Educational Statistics, 12(4): 383-94.

Mardia, K. V, Kent, J. T., and Bibby, J. M. (1979). Multivariate Analysis: Probability and Mathematical Statistics. New York: Academic Press.

Marshall, A. W. and Olkin, I. (1979). Theory of Majorization and its Applications. NewYork: Academic Press.

Mather, M. (2007). ‘Demographic Data: Censuses, Registers, Surveys’, in G. Ritzer (ed.), Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, Blackwell Reference Online, accessed 22 August 2013.

Mayer, S. E. and Jencks, C. (1989). ‘Poverty and the Distribution of Material Hardship’, Journal of Human Resources, 24(1): 88-113.

McCullagh, P. and Nelder, J. A. (1989). Generalized Linear Models, 2nd edn. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.

McGillivray, M. (1991). ‘The Human Development Index: Yet Another Redundant Composite Development Indicator?’, World Development, 19(10): 1461-8.

McGillivray, M. and White, H. (1993). ‘Measuring Development? The UNDP’s Human Development Index’, Journal of International Development, 5(2): 1183-92.

McKay, A. and Lawson, D. (2003). ‘Assessing the Extent and Nature of Chronic Poverty in Low Income Countries: Issues and Evidence’, World Development, 31(3): 425-39.

McKenzie, D. (2005). ‘Measuring Inequalitywith Asset Indicators’, Journal of Population Economics, 18(2): 229-60.

Metz, T. and Gaie, J. B. R. (2010). ‘The African Ethic of Ubuntu/Botho: Implications for Research on Morality’, Journal of Moral Education, 39(3): 273-90.

Michalos, A. C., Smale, B., Labonte, R., Muharjarine, N., Scott, K., Moore, K., Swystun, L., Holden, B., Bernardin, H., Dunning, B., Graham, P., Guhn, M., Gadermann, A. M., Zumbo, B. D., Morgan, A., Brooker, A.-S., and Hyman, I. (2011). ‘The Canadian Index of Wellbeing’, Technical Report 1.0. Waterloo, ON: Canadian Index of Wellbeing and University of Waterloo.

Mills, A. M. and Zandvakili, S. (1997). ‘Statistical Inference via Bootstrapping for Measures of Inequality’, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 12(2): 133-50.

Minujin, A. and Nandy, S. (2012). Global Child Poverty: Concepts, Policy and Action. Bristol: Policy Press.

Minujin, A. and Shailen, N. (eds) (2012). Global Child Poverty and Well-Being: Measurement, Concepts, Policy and Action. Bristol: Policy Press.

Mishra, A. and Ray, R. (2013). ‘Multi-Dimensional Deprivation in India During and After the Reforms: Do the Household Expenditure and the Family Health Surveys Present Consistent Evidence?', Social Indicators Research, 110(2): 791-818.

Mitra, S. (2013). ‘Towards a Multidimensional Measure of Governance', Social Indicators Research, 112(2): 477-96.

Mitra, S., Posarac, A., and Vick, B. (2013). ‘Disability and Poverty in Developing Countries: A MultidimensionalStudy', World Development, 41: 1-18.

Mitra, S., Jones, K., Vick, B., et al. (2013). ‘Implementing a Multidimensional Poverty Measure Using Mixed Methods and a Participatory Framework’, Social Indicators Research, 110(3): 1061-81.

Morales, E. (1988). ‘Canasta Basica de alimentos: Gran Buenos Aires', Documento de Trabajo 3. INDEC/IPA.

Morduch, J. and Sinclair, T. (1998). Rethinking Inequality Decomposition, with Evidence from Rural China. Mimeo.

Morris, M. D. (1978). ‘A Physical Quality of Life Index’, Urban Ecology, 3(3): 225-40.

Muffels, R., Berghman, J., and Dirven, H.-J. (1992). A Multi-Method Approach to Monitor the Evolution of Poverty', Journal of European Social Policy 2(3): 193-213.

Muffels, R. and Vriens, M. (1991). ‘The Elaboration of a Deprivation Scale and the Definition of a Subjective Deprivation Poverty Line'. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the European Society for Population Economics, Tilburg University, 6-8 June.

Mukherjee, N. (2005). Political Corruption in India’s Below the Poverty Line (BPL) Exercise: Grassroots Perspectives on BPL in Perpetuating Poverty and Social Exclusion. New Delhi: Development Tracks in Research, Training and Consultancy.

Muthen, B. O. (1984). ‘A General Structural Equation Model with Dichotomous, Ordered Categorical, and Continuous Latent Variable Indicators', Psychometrika, 49(1): 115-32.

Muthen, L. K. and Muthen, B. O. (1998-2012). Mplus User’s Guide, 7th edn. Los Angeles, CA: Muthen & Muthen.

Naga, R. H. A. and Bolzani, E. (2006). ‘Poverty and Permanent Income: A Methodology for Cross-Section Data', Annales dEconomie et de Statistique, 81: 195-223.

Narayan, D. and Petesch, P. (eds) (2007). MovingoutofPoverty, i: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Mobility. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Narayan, D., Chambers, R., Shah, M. K., and Petesch, P. (2000). Voices of the Poor: Crying Outfor Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Nardo, M., Saisana, M., Saltelli, A., Tarantola, S., Hoffman, A., and Giovannini, E. (2008). Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide (No. 2008/3). Ispra, Italy: OECD Publishing.

National Statistics Bureau, Royal Government of Bhutan (2014). Bhutan: Multidimensional PovertyIndex 2012. Thimphu, Bhutan: National Statistics Bureau.

Nehmeh, A. (2013). ‘Urban Deprivation Index: The Methodology and Field Study Results in Tripoli, Lebanon' (forthcoming).

Nelder, J. A. and Wedderburn, R. W M. (1972). ‘Generalized Linear Models', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 135: 370-84.

Nelson, J. (1993). ‘Household Equivalence Scales: TheoryVersus Policy?’, Journal of Labor Economics, 11: 471-93.

Neubourg, C. de, Chai, J., Milliano, M. de, Plavgo, I., and Wei, Z. (2012). ‘Step-by-Step Guidelines to the Multiple Deprivation Analysis (MODA) for Children', UNICEF Research Working Paper WP-2012-10.

Newcombe, R. G. (1998). ‘Two-Sided Confidence Intervals for the Single Proportion: Comparison of Seven Methods’, Statistics in Medicine, 17(8): 857-72.

Nicholas, A. and Ray, R. (2012). ‘Duration and Persistence in Multidimensional Deprivation: Methodology and Australian Application', Economic Record, 88(280): 106-26.

Nicholas, A., Ray, R., and Sinha, K. (2013). ‘A Dynamic Multidimensional Measure of Poverty’ Discussion Paper 25/13, Monash University, Melbourne.

Nolan, B. and Whelan, C. (1996). Resources, Deprivation, and Poverty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Nolan, B. and Whelan, C. (2011). Poverty and Deprivation in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Noll, H.-H. (2002). ‘Towards a European System of Social Indicators: Theoretical Framework and System Architecture’ Social Indicators Research, 58(1-3): 47-87.

Norman, G. (2010). ‘Likert Scales, Levels of Measurement and the “Laws” of Statistics’ Advances in Health Science Education, 15(5): 625-32.

Notten, G. and Roelen, K. (2012). ‘A New Tool for Monitoring (Child) Poverty: Measures of Cumulative Deprivation’ Child Indicators Research, 5(2): 335-55.

Nteziyaremye, A. and MkNelly, B. (2001). ‘Mali Poverty Outreach Study of the Kafo Jiginew and Nyesigiso Credit and Savings with Education Programs’ Freedomfrom HungerResearch Paper 7. Davis, CA: Freedom from Hunger.

Nussbaum, M. (2000). Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nussbaum, M. (2003). ‘Capabilities as Fundamental Entitlements: Sen and Social Justice’ FeministEconomics, 9(2-3): 33-59.

Nussbaum, M. (2011). Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Nussbaum, M. and Sen, A. (eds) (1993). The Quality of Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Nussbaumer, P., Bazilian, M., and Modi, V (2012). ‘Measuring Energy Poverty: Focusing on What Matters’ Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(1): 231-43.

Nygard, F. and Sandstrom, A. (1989). ‘Income Inequality Measures Based on Sample Surveys’ Journal of Econometrics, 42(1): 81-95.

O’Donnell, O., Doorslaer, E. van, Wagstaff, A., and Lindelow, M. (2008). Analyzing Health Equity Using Household Survey Data: A Guide to Techniques and their Implementation. Washington, DC: World Bank.

OECD (1982). The OECD List of Social Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing.

OECD (2013). Development Co-operation Report 2013: Ending Poverty. Paris: OECD Publishing.

Pagani, A. (1960). La Linea Della Poverta. Milan: ANEA.

Papke, L. E. and Wooldridge, J. M. (1996). ‘Econometric Methods for Fractional Response Variables with an Application to 401(K) Plan Participation Rates’ Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11(6): 619-32.

Parfit, D. (1984). Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Pattanaik, P. K., Reddy, S., and Xu, Y. (2012). ‘On Measuring Deprivation and Living Standards of Societies in a Multi-Attribute Framework’ Oxford Economic Papers, 64: 43-56.

Pattanaik, P. K. and Xu, Y. (1990). ‘On Ranking Opportunity Sets in Terms of Freedom of Choice’ Recherches Economiques de Louvain, 56: 383-90.

Pattanaik, P. K. and Xu, Y. (1998). ‘On Preference and Freedom’ Theory and Decision, 44(2): 173-98.

Pattanaik, P. K. and Xu, Y. (2000). ‘On Diversity and Freedom of Choice’ Mathematical Social Sciences, 40(2): 123-30.

Pearson, K. (1901). ‘On Lines and Planes of Closest Fitto Systems of Pointsin Space', Philosophical Magazine, 6(2): 559-72.

Peichl, A. and Pestel, N. (2013a). ‘Multidimensional Affluence: Theory and Applications to Germany and the US', Applied Economics, 45(32): 4591-601.

Peichl, A. and Pestel, N. (2013b). ‘Multidimensional Well-Being at the Top: Evidence for Germany', Fiscal Studies, 34(3): 355-71.

Pereira, G. (2013). Elements of a Critical Theory of Justice. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Permanyer, I. (2011). ‘Assessing the Robustness of Composite Indices Rankings’, Review of Income and Wealth, 57(2): 306-26.

Permanyer, I. (2012). ‘Uncertainty and Robustness in Composite Indices Rankings’, Oxford Economic Papers, 64(1): 57-79.

Permanyer, I. (2013). ‘The Measurement of Success in Achieving the Millennium Development Goals', Journal of Economic Inequality, 11(3): 393-415.

Pett, M. A. (1997). Non-parametric Statistics for Health Care Research. London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Poi, B. P. (2004). ‘From the Help Desk: Some Bootstrapping Techniques’, Stata Journal, 4(3): 312-28.

Porter, C. and Quinn, N. (2013). ‘Measuring Intertemporal Poverty: Policy Options for the Poverty Analyst', in G. BettiandA. Lemmi (eds), PovertyandSocialExclusion: New Methods of Analysis. London: Routledge, 166-93.

Pradhan, M., Suryahadi, A., Sumarto, S., and Pritchett, L. (2000). ‘Measurements of Poverty in Indonesia—1996,1999, and Beyond’, Policy Research Working Paper 2438. Washington, DC: World Bank.

PSE (1983). Breadline Britain 1983. Poverty and Social Exclusion,.

Qizilbash, M. (2006). ‘Philosophical Accounts of Vagueness, Fuzzy Poverty Measures and Multidimension­ality', in A. Lemmi and G. Betti (eds), Fuzzy Set Approach to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement. New York: Springer, 9-28.

Quigley, W. (1998). ‘Backwards into the Future: How Welfare Changes in the Millennium Resemble English Poor Law of the Middle Ages', Stanford Law & Policy Review, 9(1): 101-13.

Rabe-Hesketh, S. and Skrondal, A. (2012). Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata, i: Continuous Responses, 3rd edn. College Station, TX: Stata Press.

Ragin, C. C. (2000). Fuzzy-Set Social Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Rahman, T., Mittelhammer, R. C., and Wandscheider, P. (2011). ‘Measuring the Quality of Life Across Countries: A Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes Approach’, Journal of Socio-Economics, 40(1): 43-52.

Ramalho, E. A., Ramalho, J. J., and Murteira, J. M. (2011). ‘Alternative Estimating and Testing Empirical Strategies for Fractional Regression Models', Journal of Economic Surveys, 25(1): 19-68.

Ranis, G., Samman, E., and Stewart, F. (2006). ‘Human Development: Beyond the Human Development Index', Journal of Human Development, 7(3): 323-58.

Ravallion, M. (1992). ‘Poverty Comparisons: A Guide to Concepts and Methods’, Living Standards Measurement Study, Working Paper 88. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Ravallion, M. (1994). Poverty Comparisons, Fundamentals of Pure and Applied Economics 56. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Press.

Ravallion, M. (1996). ‘Issues in MeasuringandModellingPoverty', TheEconomic Journal, 106(438): 1328-43.

Ravallion, M. (1998). Poverty Lines in Theory and Practice. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Ravallion, M. (2001). ‘Growth, Inequality and Poverty: Looking beyond Averages', World Develop­ment, 29(11): 1803-15.

Ravallion, M. (2011a). ‘The Two Poverty Enlightments: Historical Insights from Digitized Books Spanning Three Centuries’, Poverty & Public Policy, 3(2): 1-46.

Ravallion, M. (2011b). ‘On Multidimensional Indices of Poverty', Journal of Economic Inequality, 9(2): 235-48.

Ravallion, M. (2012). ‘Troubling Tradeoffs in the Human Development Index’ Journal of Development Economics, 99(2): 201-9.

Ravallion, M. (2013). Poverty Comparisons. London: Taylor & Francis.

Ravallion, M. and Huppi, M. (1991). ‘Measuring Changes in Poverty: A Methodological Case Study of Indonesia during an Adjustment Period’ World Bank Economic Review, 5(1): 57-82.

Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Rawls, J. (1993). Political Liberalism. NewYork: Columbia University Press.

Rawls, J. (1999a). A Theory of Justice, revised edn. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Rawls, J. (1999b). The Law of Peoples: with, The Idea of Public Reason Revisited. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Rawls, J. (2001). Justice as Fairness, ed. E. Kelly. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Raz, J. (1986). The Morality of Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Reader, S. (ed.) (2006). The Philosophy of Need, Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 80. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rencher, A. C. (2002). Methods of Multivariate Analysis, 2nd edn. NewYork: John Wiley.

Ringen, S. (1987). The Possibility of Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ringen, S. (1988). ‘Direct and Indirect Measures of Poverty’ Journal of Social Policy, 17(3): 351-66.

Rio Group (2006). ‘Compendium of Best Practices in Poverty Measurement’, accessed January 2014.

Rippin, N. (2012). Considerations of Efficiency and Distributive Justice in Multidimensional Poverty Measurement, PhD dissertation, Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen.

Robano, V and Smith, S. C. (2014). ‘Multidimensional Targeting and Evaluation: A General Frameworkwith an Application to a Poverty Program in Bangladesh’ OPHI Working Paper 65, University of Oxford.

Roberts, F. S. (1979). Measurement Theory with Applications to Decisionmaking, Utility, and the Social Sciences, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications 7. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Roberts, F. S. and Franke, C. H. (1976). ‘On the Theory of Uniqueness in Measurement’ Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 14(3): 211-18.

Robeyns, I. (2003). ‘Sen’s Capability Approach and Gender Inequality: Selecting Relevant Capabilities’, Feminist Economics, 9(2): 61-92.

Robeyns, I. (2005). ‘Selecting Capabilities for Quality of Life Measurement’, Social Indicators Research, 74(1): 191-215.

Robeyns, I. (2006). ‘The CapabilityApproach in Practice’, Journal of Political Philosophy, 14(3): 351-76.

Robeyns, I. and Veen, R. J. van der (2007). ‘Sustainable Quality of Life: Conceptual Analysis for a Policy-Relevant Empirical Specification’, MNP Report 550031006/2007.

Roche, J. M. (2008). ‘Monitoring Inequality among Social Groups: A Methodology Combining Fuzzy Set Theory and Principal Component Analysis’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 9(3): 427-52.

Roche, J. M. (2013). ‘Monitoring Progress in Child Poverty Reduction: Methodological Insights and Illustration to the Case Study of Bangladesh’, Social Indicators Research 112(2): 363-90.

Roelen, K. and Notten, G. (2011). ‘The Breadth of Child Poverty in Europe: An Investigation into Overlap and Accumulation of Deprivations’, Innocenti Working Paper 2011-04. Florence: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre.

Roelen, K., Gassmann, F., and Neubourg, C. de (2009). ‘The Importance of Choice and Definition for the Measurement of Child Poverty: The Case of Vietnam', Child Indicators Research, 2(3): 245-63.

Roemer, J. E. (1996). Theories OfDistributive Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Room, G. (ed.) (1995). Beyond the Threshold. Bristol: Policy Press.

Rowntree, B. S. (1901). Poverty: A Study of Town Life. London: Macmillan.

Roy, I. (2011). “‘New” List for “Old”: (Re)constructing the Poor in the BPL Census', Economic and Political Weekly, 46(22): 82-91.

Ruger, J. P (2007). ‘Health, Health Care, and Incompletely Theorized Agreements: A Normative Theory of Health Policy Decision-Making’, Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law, 32(1): 51 -87.

Ruggeri Laderchi, C. (1997). ‘Poverty and its Many Dimensions: The Role of Income as an Indicator', Oxford Development Studies, 25(3): 345-60.

Ruggeri Laderchi, C., Saith, R., and Stewart, F. (2003). ‘Does It Matter that We Don't Agree on the Definition of Poverty? A Comparison of Four Approaches', Oxford Development Studies, 31(3): 243-74.

Sahn, D. E. and Stifel, D. (2000). ‘Poverty Comparisons over Time and Across Countries in Africa', World Development, 28(12): 2123-55.

Sahn, D. E. and Stifel, D. (2003). ‘Exploring Alternative Measures of Welfare in the Absence of Expenditure Data', Review of Income and Wealth, 49(4): 463-89.

Saisana, M. and Saltelli, A. (2010). ‘The Multidimensional Poverty Assessment Tool (MPAT): Robustness Issues and Critical Assessment', Scientific and Technical Reports JRC56806 (EUR 24310 EN). Publications Office of the European Union.

Saisana, M., Saltelli, A., and Tarantola, S. (2005). ‘Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis as Tools for the Quality Assessment of Composite Indicators', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Ser. A (Statistics in Society), 168(2): 307-23.

Santos, M. E. (2013). ‘Tracking Poverty Reduction in Bhutan: Income Deprivation Alongside Deprivation in Other Sources of Happiness', Social Indicators Research, 112(2): 259-90.

Santos, M. E. and Santos, G. (2013). ‘Composite Indices of Development’, in B. Currie-Alder, D. Malone, R. Y. Medhora, and R. Kanbur (eds), International Development: Ideas, Experience and Prospects. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 5.

Sarle, W. S. (1995). ‘Measurement Theory: Frequently Asked Questions', Disseminations of the Inter­national Statistical Applications Institute. Wichita: ACG Press, i.61-6,, accessed 2 August 2013.

Sastry, N. (2004). ‘Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Developing Countries: The Case of Child Survival in Sao Paulo, Brazil’, Demography, 41(3): 443-64.

Schellenberg, J. A., Victora, C. G., Mushi, A., Savigny, D. de, et al. (2003). ‘Inequities Among the Very Poor: Health Care for Children in Rural Southern Tanzania', TheLancet, 361(9357): 561-6.

Schreiner, M. (2002). ‘Scoring: The Next Breakthrough in Microfinance?' Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest Occasional Paper 7.

Schreiner, M. (2004). ‘Benefits and Pitfalls of Statistical Credit Scoring for Microfinance', Savings and Development, 28(1): 63-86.

Schreiner, M. (2006). ‘A Simple Poverty Scorecard for Bangladesh’. Report to Grameen Foundation.

Schreiner, M. (2010). ‘Seven ExtremelySimple Poverty Scorecards', EnterpriseDevelopmentandMicrofinance, 21(2): 118-36.

Scutella, R., Wilkins, R., and Kostenko, W. (2013). ‘Intensity and Persistence of Individuals' Social Exclusion in Australia', Australian Journal of Social Issues, 48(3): 273-98.

Sen, A. K. (ed.) (1960). Growth Economics. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Sen, A. K. (1970). Collective Choice and Social Welfare. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd.

Sen, A. K. (1973). On Economic Inequality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sen, A. K. (1976). ‘Poverty: An Ordinal Approach to Measurement', Econometrica, 44(2): 219-31.

Sen, A. K. (1980). ‘Equality of What?', in S. McMurrin (ed.), Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 197-220.

Sen, A. K. (1981). Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sen, A. K. (1984). Resources, Values and Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Sen, A. K. (1985). ‘Well-Being, Agency and Freedom: The Dewey Lectures 1984', Journal of Philosophy, 82(4): 169-221.

Sen, A. K. (1987). ‘The Standard of Living: Lectures I and II’, in G. Hawthorn (ed.), The Standard of Living: The Tanner Lectures. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress, 1-38.

Sen, A. K. (1989). ‘Food and Freedom', World Development, 17(6): 769-81.

Sen, A. K. (1991). ‘Development as Capability Expansion', in K. Griffin and J. Knight (eds), Hu­man Development and the International Development Strategy for the 1990s. London: MacMillan, 41-58.

Sen, A. K. (1992). Inequality Re-examined. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sen, A. K. (1993). ‘Capability and Well-Being', in M. C. Nussbaum and A. Sen (eds), The Quality of Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 9-29.

Sen, A. K. (1996). ‘On the Foundations of Welfare Economics: Utility, Capability and Practical Reason’, in F Farina, F. Hahn, and S. Vannucci (eds), Ethics, Rationality and Economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 4.

Sen, A. K. (1997a). On Economic Inequality. Expanded edition with a substantial annex by James E. Foster and Amartya Sen. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sen, A. K. (1997b). ‘Maximization and the Act of Choice', Econometrica, 65(4): 745-79.

Sen, A. K. (1999a). Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sen, A. K. (1999b). ‘Mahbub ul Haq: The Courage and Creativity of his Ideas', Journal of Asian Economics, 10(1): 1-6. Text of speech at the Memorial Meeting for Mahbub ul Haq at the United Nations, New York, 15 October 1998.

Sen, A. K. (2000). A Decade of Human Development', Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 1(1): 17-23.

Sen, A. K. (2002). Rationality and Freedom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Sen, A. K. (2004). ‘Capabilities, Lists, and Public Reason: Continuing the Conversation', Feminist Economics, 10(3): 77-80.

Sen, A. K. (2008). ‘The Economics of Happiness and Capability', in L. Bruni, F. Comim, and M. Pugno (eds), Capability and Happiness. New York: Oxford University Press.

Sen, A. K. (2009). The Idea of Justice. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Seth, S. (2009). ‘Inequality, Interactions, and Human Development', Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 10(3): 375-96.

Seth, S. (2010). Essays in Multidimensional Measurement: Welfare, Poverty, and Robustness, doctoral dissertation, Vanderbilt University.

Seth, S. (2013). ‘A Class of Distribution- and Association-Sensitive Multidimensional Welfare Indices’, Journal of Economic Inequality, 11(2): 133-62.

Seth, S. and Alkire, S. (2014a). ‘Measuring and Decomposing Inequality Among the Multidimensionally Poor Using Ordinal Variables: A Counting Approach’, OPHI Working Paper 68, University of Oxford.

Seth, S. and Alkire, S. (2014b). ‘Did Poverty Reduction Reach the Poorest of the Poor? Assessment Methods in the Counting Approach’, OPHI Working Paper 77, University of Oxford.

Shaffer, P. (2013). ‘Ten Years of “Q-Squared”: Implications for Understanding and Explaining Poverty’, World Development, 45: 269-85.

Shannon, C. E. (1948). A Mathematical Theory of Communication’, TheBell System Technical Journal 27(3): 379-423.

Sharan, M. R. (2011). ‘Identifying BPL Households: A Comparison of Competing Approaches’, Economic and Political Weekly, 46(26): 256-62.

Shorrocks, A. F. (1980). ‘The Class of Additively Decomposable Inequality Measures’, Econometrica, 48(3): 613-25.

Shorrocks, A. F. (1995). ‘Revisiting the Sen Poverty Index’, Econometrica, 63(5): 1225-30.

Shorrocks, A. F. (1999). ‘Decomposition Procedures for Distributional Analysis: A Unified Framework Based on the Shapley Value’, Journal of Economic Inequality, 11(1): 1-28.

Siani Tchouametieu, J. R. (2013). ‘Has Poverty Decreased in Cameroon between 2001 and 2007? An Analysis Based on Multidimensional Poverty Measures’, Economics Bulletin, 33(4): 3059-69.

Siegel, M. and Waidler, J. (2012). ‘Migration and Multi-dimensional Povertyin Moldovan Communities’, Eastern Journal of European Studies, 3: 105-19. Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University.

Silber, J. and Yalonetzky, G. (2014). ‘Measuring Multidimensional Deprivation with Dichotomized and Ordinal Variables’, in G. Betti and A. Lemmi (eds), Poverty and Social Exclusion: New Methods of Analysis. London: Routledge, ch. 2.

Silver, H. (1995). ‘Reconceptualizing Social Disadvantage: Three Paradigms of Social Exclusion’, in G. Rodgers, C. Gore, and J. Figueiredo (eds), Social Exclusion: Rhetoric, Reality, Responses. Geneva: International Labour Organization.

Siminski, P and Yerokhin, O. (2012). ‘Is the Age Gradient in Self-Reported Material Hardship Explained By Resources, Needs, Behaviors, or Reporting Bias?’, Review of Income and Wealth, 58(4): 715-41.

Simpson, G. G. (1943). ‘Mammals and the Nature of Continents’, American Journal of Science, 241(1): 1-31.

Sirgy, M. J., Michalos, A. C., Ferriss, A. L., Easterlin, R., Patrick, P., and Pavot, W. (2006). ‘The Quality-of-Life (QOL) Research Movement: Past, Present and Future’, Social Indicators Research, 76(3): 343-466.

Skrondal, A. and Rabe-Hesketh, S. (2004). Generalized Latent Variable Modeling: Multilevel, Longitudinal, and Structural Equation Models. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.

Smith, S. C. (2012). ‘The Scope of NGOs and Development Programme Design: Application to Problems of Multidimensional Poverty’, Public Administration and Development, 32(4-5): 357-70.

Smithson, M. and Verkuilen, J. (2006). Fuzzy Set Theory: Applications in the Social Sciences. London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Spearman, C. (1904). “‘General Intelligence”, Objectively Determined and Measured’, American Journal of Psychology, 15(2): 201-93.

Stevens, S. S. (1946). ‘On the Theory of Scales of Measurement’, Science, NS 103(2684): 677-80.

Stevens, S. S. (1951). ‘Mathematics, Measurement and Psychophysics’, in S. S. Stevens (ed.), Handbook of Experimental Psychology. New York: John Wiley, 1-49.

Stevens, S. S. (1959). ‘Measurement, Psychophysics, and Utility’, in C. W Churchman and P. Ratoosh (eds), Measurement: Definitions and Theories. New York: John Wiley, 18-63.

Stewart, F. (1985). Basic Needs in Developing Countries. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Stewart, F. (2010). Horizontal Inequalities and Conflict. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Stewart, F., Saith, R., and Harriss-White, B. (2007). Defining Poverty in Developing Countries. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Stifel, D. and Christiaensen, L. (2007). ‘Tracking Poverty over Time in the Absence of Comparable Consumption Data’, World Bank Economic Review, 21(2): 317-41.

Stigler, G. J. (1954). ‘The Early History of Empirical Studies of Consumer Behavior’, Journal of Political Economy, 62(2): 95-113.

Stiglitz, J. E., Sen, A., and Fitoussi, J.-P. (2009). Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress,.

Stock, J. H., Wright, J. H., and Yogo, M. (2002). ‘A Survey of Weak Instruments and Weak Identification in Generalized Method of Moments’, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(4): 518-29.

Streeten, P., Burki, J. S., Haq, M. U., Hicks, N., and Stewart, F. (1981). First Things First: MeetingBasic Human Needs in Developing Countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sundaram, K. (2003). ‘On Identification of Households Below Poverty Line in BPL Census 2002: Some Comments on Proposed Methodology’, Economic and Political Weekly, 38(9): 896-901.

Sunstein, C. R. (1996). Legal Reasoning and Political Conflict. NewYork: Oxford University Press.

Svedberg, P. (2000). Poverty and Undernutrition: Theory, Measurement, and Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Swanepoel, J. W H. (1986). ‘A Note on Proving that the (Modified) Bootstrap Works’, Communications in Statistics (Theory and Methods), 15(11): 3193-203.

Szekely, M. (ed.) (2005). Numeros que mueven al mundo: La medicion de lapobreza en Mexico. Mexico City: Miguel Angel Porrua.

Tarozzi, A. and Deaton, A. (2009). ‘Using Census and Survey Data to Estimate Poverty and Inequality for Small Areas’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(4): 773-92.

Theil, H. (1967). Economics and Information Theory. Chicago: Rand McNally and Company.

Thomas, B. K., Muradian, R., Groot, G. de, and Ruijter, A. de (2009). ‘Multidimensional Poverty and Identification of Poor Households: A Case from Kerala, India’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 10(2): 237-57.

Thon, D. (1979). ‘On Measuring Poverty’, Review of Income and Wealth, 25: 429-40.

Thurstone, L. L. (1931). ‘Multiple Factor Analysis’, Psychological Review, 38(5): 406-27.

Tonmoy Islam, T. M. (2014). An Exercise to Evaluate an Anti-Poverty Program with Multiple Outcomes Using Program Evaluation’, Economics Letters, 122(2): 365-9.

Tout, H. (1938). The Standard of Livingin Bristol. Bristol: Arrowsmith.

Townsend, J. (1786). A Dissertation on the Poor Laws. Republished online at.

Townsend, P. (1952). Political and Economic Planning, Poverty: Ten Years after Beveridge, PlanningNo. 344. London: Political and Economic Planning.

Townsend, P (1954). ‘Measuring Poverty’, British Journal of Sociology, 5: 130-7.

Townsend, P. (1979). Povertyin the United Kingdom: A Survey of HouseholdResources and Standards of Living. London: Peregrine Books.

Trani, J.-F. and Cannings, T. I. (2013). ‘Child Poverty in an Emergency and Conflict Context: A Multidimen­sional Profile and an Identification of the Poorest Children in Western Darfur’, World Development, 48(C): 48-70.

Trani, J.-F., Biggeri, M., and Mauro, V (2013), ‘The Multidimensionality of Child Poverty: Evidence from Afghanistan’, Social Indicators Research, 112(2): 391-416.

Tsui K.-Y. (1995). ‘Multidimensional Generalizations of the Relative and Absolute Inequality Indices: The Atkinson-Kolm-Sen Approach, Journal of Economic Theory, 67(1): 251-65.

Tsui K.-Y. (1999). ‘Multidimensional Inequality and Multidimensional Entropy Measures: An Axiomatic Derivation, Social Choice and Welfare, 16(1): 145-57.

Tsui, K.-Y. (2002). ‘Multidimensional Poverty Indices, Social Choice and Welfare, 19(1): 69-93.

Tukey, J. W. (1961/1986). ‘Data Analysis and Behavioral Science or Learningto Bear the Quantitative Man's Burden by Shunning Badmandments, in L. V J. Belmont (ed.), The Collected Works of John W Tukey. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, iii.391-484.

UN (2001). ‘Principles and Recommendations for a Vital Statistics System: Revision 2', ST/ESA/STAT/SERM/19/REV2. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division.

UN (2008). ‘Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses: Revision 2', Statistical Papers Series M 67/Rev2. NewYork: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division.

UNDESA (2010). Rethinking Poverty: Report on the World Social Situation 2010. NewYork: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.

UNDESA (2011). World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision, i-ii. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division,, accessed July 2011.

UNDESA (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision. New York: United Nations De­partment of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division,, accessed March 2014.

UNDG (2013). A Million Voices: The World We Want: A Sustainable Future with Dignity for All. United Nations Development Group (UNDG).

UNDP (1990). Human Development Report 1990. United Nations Development Programme. NewYork: Oxford University Press.

UNDP (1995). Human Development Report 1995: Gender and Human Development. New York: Oxford University Press.

UNDP (2010a). TheReal Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development. Human Development Report 2010. New York: United Nations Development Programme.

UNDP (2010b). What Will it Take to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals?: An International Assessment. New York: United Nations Development Programme.

UNDP (2013). TheRise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World. Human Development Report 2013. New York: United Nations Development Programme.

UNDP and MOSA (1998). Mapping of the Living Conditions in Lebanon. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Ministry of Social Affairs (MOSA) of the Republic of Lebanon.

UNDP and MOSA (2007). Development of Mapping of Living Conditions in Lebanon, 1995-2004: A Comparison with the Results of ‘Mapping of Living Conditions in Lebanon, 1998’. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Ministry of Social Affairs (MOSA) of the Republic of Lebanon.

UNDP and MPDC (2006). Unsatisfied Basic Needs Mapping and Living Standards in Iraq, Study in Three Volumes: Analytic Report. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Central Organ­ization for Statistics and Information Technology, Ministry of Planning and Development Cooperation (MPDC) of the Republic of Iraq.

UNEP/UNCTAD (1975). ‘The Cocoyoc Declaration. Adopted by the Participants in the UNEP/UNCTAD Symposium on ‘Patterns of Resource Use, Environment, and Development Strategies, International Organization, 29(3): 893-901.

UNICEF (2004). The State of the Worlds Children 2005: Childhood Under Threat. NewYork: UNICEF.

UNRISD (2010). Combating Poverty and Inequality: Structural Change, Social Policy and Politics. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Flagship Report. Geneva: UNRISD/UN Publications,.

Ura, K., Alkire, S., Zangmo, T., and Wangdi, K. (2012). An ExtensiveAnalysis of The Gross National Happiness Index. Thimphu, Bhutan: Centre for Bhutan Studies.

Van Ootegem, L. and Verhofstadt, E. (2012). ‘Using Capabilities as an Alternative Indicator for Well-Being’, SocialIndicatorsResearch, 106(1): 133-52.

Velleman, P. F. and Wilkinson, L. (1993). ‘Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio Typologies are Misleading’ TheAmerican Statistician, 47(1): 65-72.

Venn, J. (1880). ‘On the Diagrammatic and Mechanical Representation of Propositions and Reasonings’, Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Series 5, 10(59): 1-18.

Verkuilen, J. (2005). ‘Assigning Membership in a Fuzzy Set Analysis’ Sociological Methods and Research, 33(4): 462-96.

Vero, J. (2006). ‘A Comparison of Poverty According to Primary Goods, Capabilities and Outcomes: Evidence from French School Leavers’ Survey’ in A. Lemmi and G. Betti (eds), Fuzzy Set Approach to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement. NewYork: Springer, 211-32.

Vogel, J. (1997). ‘The Future Direction of Social Indicators Research’ Social Indicators Research, 42(2): 103-16.

Vranken, J. (2002). Belgian Reports on Poverty. Paper presented at the conference ‘Reporting on Income Distribution and Poverty—Perspectives from a German and European Point of View’ organized by Hans Bockler Stiftung, Berlin, February.

Wagle, U. R. (2008). Multidimensional Poverty Measurement: Concepts and Applications, Economic Studies in Inequality, Social Exclusion and Well-Being 4. New York: Springer.

Wagle, U. R. (2014). ‘The Counting-Based Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty: The Focus on Economic Resources, Inner Capabilities, and Relational Resources in the United States’, Social Indicators Research, 115(1): 223-40.

Wagner, J. (2001). A Note on the Firm Size-Export Relationship’ Small Business Economics, 17(4): 229-37.

Walker, R., Kyomuhendo, G. B., Chase, E., et al. (2013). ‘Poverty in Global Perspective: Is Shame a Common Denominator?’ Journal of Social Policy, 42(2): 215-33.

Watts, H. W. (1968). An Economic Definition of Poverty’, in D. P. Moynihan (ed.), On UnderstandingPoverty. New York: Basic Books, 316-29.

Whelan, C. T., Layte, R., and Maitre, B. (2004). ‘Understanding the Mismatch between Income Poverty and Deprivation: A Dynamic Comparative Analysis’, European Sociological Review, 20(4): 287-302.

Whelan, C. T., Layte, R., Maitre, B., Gannon, B., Nolan, B., Watson, D., and Williams, J. (2001a). Monitoring Poverty Trends in Ireland: Resultsfrom the 2001 Living in Ireland Survey, ESRI Policy Research Series 51. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute.

Whelan, C. T., Layte, R., Maitre, B., and Nolan, B. (2001b). ‘Income, Deprivation and Economic Strain: An Analysis of the European Community Household Panel’ European Sociological Review, 17(4): 357-72.

Whelan, C. T. and Maitre, B. (2010). ‘Comparing Poverty Indicators in an Enlarged European Union’ European Sociological Review, 26(6): 713-30.

Whelan, C. T., Nolan, B., and Maitre, B. (2006). ‘Measuring Consistent Poverty in Ireland with EU-SILC Data’ ESRI Working Paper 165. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute.

Whelan, C. T., Nolan, B., and Maitre, B. (2014). ‘Multidimensional Poverty Measurement in Europe: An Application of the Adjusted Headcount Approach’ Journal of European Social Policy, 24(2): 183-97.

WHO Programme of Nutrition (1997). Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition, compiled by M. de Onis and M. Blossner. Geneva: World Health Organization.

WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group (2006). WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age, Weight-for- Length, Weight-for-Height and Body Mass Index-for-Age: Methods and Development. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Wiggins, D. (1998). Needs, Values, Truth, 3rd edn. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Wolff, H., Chong, H., and Auffhammer, M. (2011). ‘Classification, Detection and Consequences of Data Error: Evidence from the Human Development Index’, The Economic Journal, 121(553): 843-70.

Wolff, J. and De-Shalit, A. (2007). Disadvantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

World Bank (1990). World Development Report 1990: Poverty. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank (2000). World Development Report 2000/2001. Washington, DC: World Bank

World Bank (2013). Global Monitoring Report 2013: Monitoring the MDGs. Washington, DC: World Bank,, accessed 1 April 2014.

World Bank (2014). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank,.

Wright, G. (2008). Findings from the Indicators of Poverty and Social Exclusion Project: A Profile of Poverty Using the Socially Perceived Necessities Approach, Key Report 7. Pretoria: Department of Social Development, Republic of South Africa.

Yalonetzky, G. (2009). ‘Testing for Stochastic Dominance Among Additive, Multivariate Welfare Functions with Discrete Variables’, OPHI Research in Progress 9a, University of Oxford.

Yalonetzky, G. (2011). ‘A Note on the Standard Errors of the Members of the Alkire-Foster Family and its Components’, OPHI Research in Progress 25a, University of Oxford.

Yalonetzky, G. (2012). ‘Poverty Measurement with Ordinal Variables: A Generalization of a Recent Contribution’, ECINEQ Working Papers 246, Societyforthe Study of Economic Inequality.

Yalonetzky, G. (2013). ‘Stochastic Dominance with Ordinal Variables: Conditions and a Test’, Econometric Reviews, 32(1): 126-63.

Yalonetzky, G. (2014). ‘Conditions for the Most Robust Multidimensional Poverty Comparisons Using Counting Measures and Ordinal Variables’, Social Choice and Welfare, 43(4): 773-807.

Yu, J. (2013). ‘Multidimensional Poverty in China: Findings Based on the CHNS’, Social Indicators Research, 112(2): 315-36.

Zadeh, L. A. (1965). ‘Fuzzy Sets’, Information and Control, 8(3): 338-53.

Zaidi, A. and Burchardt, T. (2005). ‘Comparing Incomes When Needs Differ: Equivalization for the Extra Costs of Disability in the UK’, Review of Income and Wealth, 51(1): 89-114.

Zavaleta, D., Samuel, K., and Mills, C. (2014). ‘Social Isolation: A Conceptual and Measurement Proposal’, OPHI Working Paper 67, University of Oxford.

Zheng, B. (1997). ‘Aggregate Poverty Measures’, Journal of Economic Surveys, 11(2): 123-62.

Zheng, B. (2007). ‘Unit-Consistent Poverty Indices’, Economic Theory, 31: 113-42.

Zumbo, B. D. (ed.) (1998). ‘Validity Theory and the Methods Used in Validation: Perspectives from the Social and Behavioral Sciences’, Social Indicators Research, 45(1): 1-509.