Alternative Christianities and their Offshoots
Some of the most successful new religious movements of the modem era are churches that derived from recognizably Christian sources and whose beginnings can be traced back to nineteenth-century America.
Then, as now, religious culture in the United States was pluralistic, and although most Americans professed some form of Christian belief, no single Christian denomination was dominant. What historians refer to as the Second Great Awakening—a nationwide evangelical movement that evoked intense religious fervor in many communities—continued to affect Christian thought in the United States up through the mid-i8oos. One manifestation of this upsurge in religious enthusiasm can be found in the formation of new Christian churches, some claiming new revelations of divine truth and many looking forward eagerly to the imminent Second Coming of Christ. The following discussion focuses on those groups whose influence continues to be felt today: the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Christian Science, Seventh-day Adventists, and Jehovah’s Witnesses.
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