Concluding Remarks
There are important distinctions to be drawn between the demons who cause illness in 4Q560 and 11Q11. In 4Q560 the demon is invisible—it penetrates the body and generates symptoms of fever, the feeling of heat inside and outside the body.
In 11Q11 the demon is visible—it is similar to that of the Mesopotamian sheriff-demon who kills either by fear or by physical harm, and was later related to the Passover narrative. Interestingly enough, ethnography offers no parallels of folk beliefs relating to a demonic destroyer endangering the firstborn around the time of the spring equinox. Rather, it seems that this figure is a literary construction of the P source in Exodus, the final and concluding element of the series of ten plagues in Egypt (Ex 7:14-10:29). It seems that postexilic Jewish traditions were acquainted with the demonic dangers of the Passover vigil.
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