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Conclusion

Gifts and gift-giving serve to distill and communicate complex relationships and relative social status. In the case of funerary gifts, this includes status relations among the dead, among the living, and between the living and the dead.

The social status of the various participants at Pisa is reinforced by their roles in the ceremony and the inferiae they bring. There was still no clear agreement yet in 2 CE on just what the position of the emperor and his family was exactly vis-à-vis the various communities of the empire. In particular the ritual status of the imperial family across Roman society was still being worked out when Lucius died. One of the key ideological underpinnings of the principate was its reliance on consensus among all classes as an extraconstitutional justification for the dominance of Augustus and his family, that is, a shared acceptance of a relationship between the domus Augusta and the people of the empire. The creation of inferiae for Lucius's manes provided a moment to reinforce annually a particular understanding of this relationship, one that depended on a Roman model but contained local elements.

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Source: Blakely S. (ed.). Gods, Objects, and Ritual Practice. Lockwood Press,2017. — 371 p.. 2017

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