Contents

4.1. Introduction 218

4.2. Egalitarian Political Philosophy Since Rawls 220

4.3. A Model and Algorithm for Equal-Opportunity Policy 229

4.4. A More General Approach 239

4.5.

4.6. Economic Development 248

4.7. Dynamics 256

4.8. Preparing the Ground for Empirical Analysis 259

4.9. Do People Advocate EOp? Lessons from Questionnaires and Experiments 261

4.9.1 Questionnaire on the Empirical Validity of EOp 262

4.9.2 Experiments 266

4.9.3 A Progress Report 270

4.10. Inequality of Opportunity: Measurement Issues and Empirical Results 272

4.10.1 Methodological Issues: General Remarks 272

4.10.1.1 EOp Measurement as a Multidimensional Problem 273

4.10.1.2 EOp as a Process 273

4.10.1.3 Lack of Relevant Information 274

4.10.1.4 Age and Sex 277

4.10.2 The Estimation Phase 278

4.10.2.1 The Case of a Rich Data Set 278

4.10.2.2 The Case of a Poor Data Set 282

4.10.3 The Measurement Phase 284

4.10.3.1 Types Versus Tranches 284

4.10.3.2 DU Versus FG 286

4.10.3.3 The Choice of an Index 288

4.11. Results 289

4.12. Conclusion 294

Acknowledgments 296

References 296