Index

Abkhazians, 668

Abramowitsch, Shalom. SeeMendele

Mokher Seforim

Academy of Sciences, Imperial, 274, 369, 380; in Vienna, 443

Adelfotes, 156

Adriatic Sea, 462

Aegean Sea, 5, 25, 29-30, 96, 98, 462

Afghanistan, 667

Africa, 57, 462

Agriculture: in eighteenth century, 280; collectivization of, see Collectivization of agriculture

Aivazovskii, Ivan (1817-1900), 334

Aizenshtok, larema (1900-1980), 576 Akcja Wisla.

Akkerman, 173; see also Tighina

Akme^et, 580; see also Symferopol'/

Akmeget

Aksel'rod, Pavel (1850-1928), 343

Alans, 25, 27, 32-33. 39, 44-45, 106-107 Albania, 13, 652

Albanians, 270

Aldeigjuborg. See Staraia Ladoga/Aldeig- juborg

Aleichem, Shalom. See Shalom Aleichem

Aleksander Nevskii, 110, 646

Aleksander Sugar Refinery, 338

Aleksei Romanov (1629-1676), 210, 212­213, 218-220, 225

Aleksei, St. See Toth, Alexis

Alexander I Romanov (1777-1825), 312,

30, 344

Alexander II Romanov (1818-1881), 312, 322-323, 34L 366, 371

Alexander III Romanov (1845-1874), 216, 312, 371

Alexandria, patriarch of. See Patriarchate, of Alexandria

Alexianu, Gheorghe, 625

Algirdas (d. 1377), 130-131

All-German National Assembly, 407, 412 Allied and Associated Powers. See Entente

Allied Powers, 587, 639, 642-643

All-Russian Central Executive Committee,

527

All-Russian Communist (Bolshevik) party, 172, 497, 526, 531-532; and indigeniza- tion, 533; Eighth Congress of, 536; Khvyl'ovyi and, 545; Stalin and, 548; 16th Congress of, 566; Central Committee of, 553, 555, 557, 635

All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Work­ers’, Peasants’, and Soldiers’ Deputies, 527, 530; see also Supreme Soviet of USSR

All-Soviet government, 529-530 All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 542,

564-566; Jewish scholarship in, 576;

Polish scholarship in, 577

All-Ukrainian Alliance of Zemstvos, 490

All-Ukrainian Church Congress, 491

All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets of Work­ers’, Soldiers’, and Peasants’ Deputies, 481

All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets, Second, 490

All-Ukrainian Congress of Workers’, Sol­diers’, and Peasants’ Soviets, 481

All-Ukrainian Museum of Jewish Culture, 576

All-Ukrainian National Congress, 472

All-Ukrainian Orthodox Church Council, 545-546

All-Ukrainian Peasant Congress, 475 All-Union Communist party.

All-Union Communist party (CPSU), 653; see also Communist party of the Soviet Union

Alps, 57, 160-161

Alsace, 344, 462, 611

Am Olam, 343

American Jewish Joint Distribution Com­mittee, 575

American Revolution, 361

Americans, 352, 639

Amur (imperial province), 313

Anastasia, 76

Anatolia, 96, 175, 179

Andras I, 76

Andrei Bogoliubskii, 78, 80, 118 Andropov, lurii (1914-1984), 666 Andrusovo, Treaty of, 227-228, 233 Angel, 505

Anjou dynasty, 131

Anna (daughter of laroslav), 76

Anna (empress), 266, 274

An-ski, Sh. (Shloyme Zainvil Rapaport, 1863-1920), 344

Antes, 27, 34, 39-40, 42, 46, 53, 171 Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations, 433 Anti-Normanist position, 53-54; see also

Normanist position

Antioch, 94; patriarch of, see Patriarchate, of Antioch

Anti-Semitism, 341-342, 670

Antonenko-Davydovych, Borys (1899­1984), 654

Antonescu, Ion (1882-1945), 625 Antonov-Ovseenko, Vladimir (1883-1938), 482, 499

Antonovych, Dmytro (1877-1945), 379

Antonovych, Volodymyr (1834-1908), 19, 52, 366-367, 370, 376-377, 443, 450; on Cossacks, 160; on Mazepa, 239

Apostol, Danila/Danylo (1654-1734), 273, 281, 348

Apostol family, 251

Arab Caliphate, 44, 57-58

Arabs, 35, 94-95, 112

Aral Sea, 44

Archeographic Commission, 542

Architecture: in Kievan Rus', 99, 151; in Galicia-Volhynia, 121; in Polish-Lithua­nian Commonwealth, 149, 151; in Cos­sack state, 258; in 1700s, 286-287

Arenda, 147

Arendt, Hannah, 506

Argentina, 586

Arianism, 70

Arizona, 3

Arkhangelsk, 282

Armenia, 516

Armenian language, 387

Armenian-rite Catholic church, 391, 396, 398

Armenians, 9, 87, 112, 119, 146, 254, 270, 349, 668; in Lithuania, 139; in Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth, 156; in east­ern Galicia, 396; in Crimean ASSR, 579; in postwar Soviet Ukraine, 643

Army High Command, 469

Art: in Kievan Rus', 98, 151; in Lithuanian- Polish period, 151; and Mazepa, 239­240; in Soviet Ukraine, 544-545; history of, 655; see also Painting

Arta, 54

Artemivs'k, 270; see also Bakhmut/

Artemivs'k

Asia, 96; Central, see Central Asia

Asia Minor, 27-28, 30

Askol'd, 55-56, 61-62, 69, 71, 88

Assembly of Estates, 390

Association of Proletarian Writers

(HART), 544

Association of Revolutionary Peasant Writers (Pluh), 544

Association of Soviet Writers of Ukraine, 566

Association of the Polish People (Sto- warzyszenie Ludu Polskiego), 335

Astrakhan', 173, 175, 208-209, 215

Athens, 30, 335

Athos, Mount, 98

Audit Union of Ukrainian Cooperatives, 589

August II of Saxony, 243-244, 292, 295­

296

August III, 292, 295-296

Aurora Romana, 435

Auschwitz, 631

Ausgleich, 420, 454

Austria, 3, 13, 160, 387, 412-413, 415, 447; defeated by Prussia, 420; and World War I, 462, 464, 466-467; interwar, 589; annexed to Germany, 612-613; during World War II, 626

Austria-Hungary, 423, 43U 449, 457, 578, 611; formation of, 420; and outbreak of World War I, 461-463; and World War I, 464, 470, 482-484, 486, 488, 490; as anti­Russian, 507; see also Austrian Empire Austrian Army, 463

Austrian Empire, 16-17, 218, 228, 241, 300­302, 305, 307, 313-314, 354, 417, 448; acquires Ukrainian lands, 385; structure of, 387ff.; revolution of 1848 in, 4o6ff.

Austrians, 465, 514, 518

Austro-Germans, 412, 454, 600; see also Aus­trians; Germans

Austro-Hungarian Army, 464-465, 513 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 375, 378, 382,

434, 450, 466-467, 512-513, 519, 523, 594-595; use of term, 387

Autocephalous Ukrainian Orthodox church, 433

Autocephaly, 491, 596

Avars, 25, 27, 33-34, 42, 44

Azerbaijan, 112, 526

Azerbaijanis, 9, 635, 668

Azov (town), 173, 243, 247

Azov Army, 319

Azov, Sea of, 3, 5, 53, 70, 73, 106, log, 112, 175, 243, 272, 275, 307, 319, 497; Greeks along shores of, 9, 28, 30, 39, 349-350;

Germans and Mennonites along shores of, 344-346

Ba'al Shem Tov, Israel (1700-1760), 299, 340

Babel, Isaak, 576

Babi Yar. See Babyn lar

Babs'ki bunty, 556

Babyn lar, 631, 633

Bachyns'kyi, Andrei (1732-1809), 404

Bachyns'kyi, luliian (1870-193?), 446-447, 593

Bachyns'kyi, Lev (1872-1930), 593 Bachyns'kyi, Volodymyr (1880-1927), 592

Badan, Oleksander (1895-1933), 593 Baden, 344

Badeni, Kazimierz (1846-1909), 446

Badz'o, lurii (b. 1936), 661

Baghdad, 44, 60

Bahalii, Dmytro (1857-1932), 376, 542 Bahcesaray. See Bakhchesarai Bakhchesarai, 175-176, 347, 510-511;

Treaty of, 227

Bakhmut/Artemivs'k, 270, 541

Balaban, Dionysii (d. 1663), 255

Balaban, Gedeon (1530-1607), 164-166, 169

Balfe, Michael, 240

Balkans, 58, 64, 66, 95-96, 148, 155, 179, 269,301,314, 462

Balta, 300, 327

Baltic: countries, 13; peoples, 41, 58; prov­inces, 275; region, 500; states, 482; tribes, 127, 129

Baltic Sea, 5, 18, 38-39, 46-47, 161, 209, 254, 263, 281, 301, 327, 622; Kievan Rus' and, 52, 54-55, 58, 60, 64, 80, 91, 148; Galicia/Galicia-Volhynia and, 117, 123; Grand Duchy of Lithuania and, 127, 138; Muscovy and, 212, 238, 243, 247

Baludians'kyi, Mykhailo (1769-1847), 404 Balzer, Oswald (1858-1933), 429

Banat region, 318

Bandera, Stepan (1909-1959), 428, 597, 621, 626

Banderites/Banderite faction/ OUN-B, 621, 625-627, 633, 634-635; see also Orga­nization of Ukrainian Nationalists

Bantysh-Kamenskii, Dmitrii (1788-1850),

18, 357; on Mazepa, 238

Bar, Confederation of, 296, 300-301 Barabash, lakiv (d.

Barshchina, 320

Bartoszewicz, Joachim, 508

Basil (liturgy of), 167

Basilian order, 375, 595

Baskaki, 120

Basok-Melenivs'kyi, Μ., 379

Batih, 205

Batory, Stefan (1533-1586), 182-183

Batu, Khan (d. 1255), 107, 109, 119 Baturyn, 236, 241, 245-246, 252, 272, 274­

275, 281

Bauer, Otto, 378, 504

Bayer, Gottlieb, 52

Bazylevych, Vasyl' (1893-1942), 565 Bazylovych, loanykii (1742-1821), 404 Beauplan, Guillaume le Vasseur de (1600­1675), 171, 180, 184

Beilis, Menahem (1874-1934), 341 Belarus, 10, 11, 13, 36, 39, 626; Ukrainians

in, 10; Poles on, 17, 587; in Polish-Lithua­nian period, 129-130, 134, 138, 153, 159, 164, 179, 187-188, 190-191, 196; at time of Cossack state, 204, 255; claimed by Ivan III, 208; Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich and, 218; Khmel'nyts'kyi and, 219, 233; church hierarchs from, 289; in Russian Empire, 338, 359; as Soviet republic, 530, 580, 587, 617

Belarusans, 12-13, 500, 617; in Lithuanian- Polish period, 133, 140, 150; Orthodox church and, 203; Muscovy and, 208, 211; in Ukraine, 9; in Dnieper Ukraine, 331, 349, 374; Central Rada and, 504; in Soviet Ukraine, 573, 643; in interwar Poland, 587; see also Belorussians

Belgians, 330

Belgium, 350, 354 Belgorod, 212, 266

Belgorod Line, 211-212, 265

Beloozero, 55, 60

Belorussian SSR, 526, 587; after World War II, 643, 657; see also Soviet Belorussia

Belorussians Ibelorossy}, 438; Pogodin on, 400; see also Belarusans

Belz (city), 115; Jews in, 394; (palatinate), 136-137, 145, 172, 290, 292, 293, 301­302, 389; (region), 130-131

Belzec, 631

Bendasiuk, Semen (1877-1965), 441, 465 Bendery, 247

Benes, Edvard (1884-1948), 603

Berendei, 89

Berestechko, Battle of, 205

Bereza Kartuzka, 598 Berezhany, 444

Berezil' Theater, 544 Berezovs'kyi, Maksym (1745-1777), 286 Beria, Lavrentii (1899-1953), 652

Berlin, 314, 611, 628, 630

Berlin Wall, 667

Berynda, Pamva (157OS-1632), 187

Besieda, 441

Beskyd, Antonin (1855-1933), 604 Bessarabia (region), 626; annexed by Rus­sian Empire, 313; (imperial province), 307, 335, 341, 345, 348-349, 435, 599; in 1917-1918, 599-600

Bessarabia, southern, 9; in interwar Romania, 599-601; united with Soviet Ukraine, 617, 622, 639; reacquired by

Romania, 624; Germans from, 630; deportation of Jews from, 632

Bessarabian Covered Market (Bessa- rabka), 340

Bessarabian Protocol, 600

Bezborod'ko, Aleksander (1747-1799),

285, 317

Bialik, Hayyim Nachman (1873-1934), 344 Bialystok, 588

Bibikov, Dmitrii G.

Big Three, 639

Bila Tserkva, 200, 240, 492; agreement at,

205

Bila Vezha, 45, 64, 73, 79

Bilaniuk, Petro (b. 1932), 71

Bilhorod, 112, 117; (Orthodox eparchy),

72, 76

Bilinsky, Yaroslav (b. 1932), 647 Bilohrudivka culture, 41

Bilozers'kyi, Vasyl' (1825-1899), 363-364 BILU organization, 343

Birchak, Volodymyr (1881-1952), 608 Birka, 58

Birnbaum, Nathan (1864-1937), 435 Bismarck, Otto von, 420

Bisy, 47

Black clergy, 86

Black Council (Chama Rada), 236

Black earth (c/iomozem), 6

Black Hundreds, 341

Black Sea, 5, 18, 34, 38, 44-46, 58, 60, 64,

91, 96, 112, 117, 148, 177, 203, 238, 243, 314, 327, 353, 462, 510, 622, 624

Black Sea coastal cities, Greeks in, 581

Black Sea Cossacks, 307, 319; Black Sea

Cossack Army, 319

Black Sea Germans, 271, 345, 578, 630

Black Sea Lands, 3, 8-9, 11, 321, 347, 349,

599; in earliest period, 25, 28-35, 39, 70; in Kievan period, 62, 95-96, 109-110, 112, 148, 172; in Lithuanian-Polish period, 173, 175, 185; at time of Cossack state, 221, 228, 243, 247; acquired by Rus­sian Empire, 265, 275, 302; in Civil War, 501-502; Germans in, 344-345, 624; Jews in, 575

Blakytnyi, Vasyl' (Vasyl' Ellans'kyi, 1894­1925), 532, 537, 544, 568

Blitzkrieg, 622

Bloc of Non-Partisan Russians, 507 Blue Waters, Battle of, 130 Bobrinskoi, Georgii, 465 Bobrzyhski family, 330 Bobrzyhski, Michal (1849-1935), 429 Bodians'kyi, Osyp (1808-1877), 359~36o Boh Cossack Army, 319 Bohemia, 115, 146, 161, 387, 392, 395, 412,

605, 613 Bohemia-Moravia, 615; Kingdom of, 131,

420

Bohoiavlennia (church). See Church, of the Epiphany

Bohuslav, 176, 224 Boiars'ki dumy, 87 Boichuk, Mykhailo (1882-1939), 544 Boikos, 595

Boleslaw, 123

Boleslaw V (‘the Pious’), 146

Bolshevik party. See All-Russian Communist (Bolshevik) party

Bolshevik Revolution, 21, 432-433, 463,

486, 535, 539, 566, 574

Bolsheviks, 432, 470, 477-478, 482, 485,

500, 534-536,622; in Dnieper Ukraine in revolutionary era, 481-482,485-487,492, 494-495, 497-499, 501, 507, 509, 520; pogroms and, 506; in Crimea, 511; and the church, 546; and nationalism, 536 Borets'kyi, lov (d.

arrests of former, 565 Borshosh-Kumiats'kyi, lulii (1905-1978),

607

Bortnians'kyi, Dmytro (1751-1825), 286 Borys/Boris, St, 73, 102

Boryslav, 429, 585

Bosh, Evgeniia (1879-1925), 343-344

Bosnia-Hercegovina, 462

Bospor. See Panticapaeum/Bospor Bosporan Kingdom, 30, 32-34, 44, 70, 112,

146

Bosporus, 5, 96, 314, 462

Boyars, 85-86, 94, 114, 117-118, 120; in Muscovy, 210; in Kievan period, 85-86; Lithuanian, 133-134, 136, 138-139; Rus' boyars in Lithuania, 134, 136, 138

Boz (d. ca. 375), 40

Brandenburg, 205, 217, 219

Brandt, Willy, 463

Branicki family, 292, 330

Bratchiny, 156

Bratslav (town), 237, 299; (palatinate), 145, 171,176,179,183, 290, 292-293, 296, 299, 302; and agreement of Pereiaslav, 217; in Period of Ruin, 219; and Hadiach, 221­224; under Ottoman rule, 228, 290; (region), annexed by Polish Kingdom from Lithuania, 136-137, 149, 172, 227 Bratstva. See Brotherhoods

Bratstvo Tarasivtsiv. See Taras Brotherhood Brazil, 425

Brazilians, 352

Breslau/Wroclaw, 282

Brest (city), 115; brotherhood in, 159;

Jesuit school in, 190; (region), 129, 307 Brest, Union of, 160, 164-169, 187, 203,

211; voided, 650

Brest-Litovsk (city), 486; Treaty of, 482­484, 486, 488, 490, 512; united with Soviet Belorussia, 617

Brezhnev, Leonid (1906-1982), 659, 660­662, 666-668, 670

Britain, 56, 314, 321, 354; and Civil War, 501; see also Great Britain

British, 639

British Bible Society, 375 Briukhovets'kyi, Ivan (d. 1668), 266 Briullov, Karl (1799-1852), 362

Brodii, Andrii (1895-1946), 614

Brodski, Eliezar (1848-1904), 338 Brodski, Israel (1823-1888), 338

Brody: Jews in, 394; Battle of, 637

Bronstein, Lev. SeeTrotskii, Leon Bronze Age, 26-27

Brotherhoods (bratstva), 156-157, 158­159, 169, 211, 256, 288

Brovchenko, Volodymyr (b. 1931), 663 Brückner, Aleksander, 52

Brusilov, Aleksei (1853-1926), 466 Brussels, 6

Brzesc/Brest (palatinate), 584 Bucak Nogay, 175

Buchach, 287; Jews in, 394 Buchko, Ivan (1891-1974), 595 Buda, 391, 402

Budapest, 388, 415, 451, 518, 605, 637 Budennyi, Semen (1883-1973), 503 Budzynovs'kyi, Viacheslav (1868-1935), 446 Buh River (Western), 5, 36, 38, 46, 117,

143, 175, 307, 327, 385, 617, 620, 639 Bukharin, Nikolai, 568 Bukovina (Habsburg province), 390, 393,

395, 403, 411, 599; in revolution of 1848, 414-415; becomes separate province, 415, 418; after 1848, 417-418, 426, 429, 440, 448-449, 608; restored as separate province, 420; Society for Romanian Lit­erature and Culture in, 435; national movement in, 452-454; tsarist army in, 463-465; in secret protocol, 485-486; in World War I, 512-513; claimed by West Ukrainian National Republic, 514; claimed by Ukrainian National Repub­lic, 515; in revolutionary era, 517-518; in interwar Romania, 599; (region), 8, 68, 216; Germans in, 452; Jews in, 339, 435, 452; Poles in, 452; Romanians in, 435, 452; acquired by Habsburg Empire, 301, 385

Bukovina, northern, 8-9, 389, 431, 439; national movement in, 436; recognized as part of Romania, 525; in interwar Romania, 519, 597,600-602; united with Soviet Ukraine, 617, 622,639; reacquired by Romania, 624; Germans from, 630; deportation of Jews from, 632

Bukovina, southern, Ukrainians in, 10

Bukovinians, 414

Bukovyna, 453

Bukovyns'kaia zoria, 453

Bul'ba-Borovets', Taras (1908-1981), 634 Bulgaria, 13, 462-463, 483-484, 523, 612­

613, 652

Bulgarian Empire, 64, 72, 82, 93, 95,98-99, 101, 160

Bulgarians, 9, 269, 331, 349, 504; in Soviet Ukraine, 573, 643; in Crimean ASSR, 579

Bulgars, 25, 27, 33-34, 45

Burghardt, Oswald (lurii Klen, 1891­

1947), 578

Burunday, 120

Byron, Lord, 239

Byzantine Commonwealth, 95-96

Byzantine emperor, 73

Byzantine Empire, 14, 25, 33, 40, 58, 61-62,

64, 80, 208, 374; Christianity and, 62, 69,

71, 76, 97, 160; cultural influence of, 95­98; and Khazars, 34-35, 40, 58; attacked by Oleh, 62, 188, by Ihor, 63, by Pech­enegs, 75; trade with, 40, 44, 46, 58, 60,

73, 79, 91, 94-95, 112,148; end of, 148, 155

Byzantine Greeks, 69, 97-98, 112

Caffa/Kefe, 112, 173; (Roman Catholic

bishopric), 112; see alsoKefe; Theodosia Calvin, John, 161

Calvinists, 222

Cambridge, Massachusetts, 428

Canada, 3, 345, 425-426, 428, 461, 515, 578,

586, 643, 659, 671

Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies,

428

Cantacuzino family, 349

Carniola, 387-388

Carol II, 599, 602

Carpathian Basin, 39

Carpathian Mountains, 5, 8, 27, 36, 38, 40,

42, 44, 46-47, 89, 94, 107, 117, 294, 385, 403, 4o8, 415, 438, 465, 519, 583, 635, 637

Carpathian Sich, 614-615

Carpatho-Russian Liberation Committee, 449

Carpatho-Rusyns in North America, 426­427

Carpatho-Ukraine, 614-615, 674; Hungar­ian occupation of, 427

Carynnyk, Marco (b. 1944), 559

Casimir III Piast (‘the Great,’ 1310-1370), 123,131-132

Caspian Sea, 28, 34, 44-45, 57, 64, 91, 106, 112

Catalans, 354

Catargiu family, 349

Cathedral of St Sophia, 75-76, 99,102, 258, 489, 515, 545

Catherine I (1684-1727), 273

Catherine II (1729-1796), 267, 270, 274, 276, 285, 296, 305, 319; makes trip to Crimea, 271; and Enlightenment, 275; and churches, 284, 374; and Kohiv shchyna, 300; and nobles, 316-317, 355; and cities, 321; and peasantry, 323; invites German colonists, 344, 346; Knyhy bytiia on, 364

Caucasus Mountains, 5, 44-45, 175, 272, 438, 557, 563, 622, 624, 668

Caves Monastery. See Monastery of the Caves

Cecora/Tsetsora Fields, Battle of, 186, 196 Celan, Paul (1920-1970), 431

Cembalo, 112

Central Asia, 25-26, 35, 46, 60, 75, 91, 106, 110, 112, 148, 658, 668; Chingis Khan in, 106; annexed to Russian Empire, 313; emigration to, 325, 330; deportations to, 557, 620, 643, 651, 653

Central Europe, 34, 58, 71, 94, 112, 115, 146, 148-149, 161-162, 271, 353, 420, 432

Central Jewish Library, 576

Central Military Committee, 513

Central Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Posol'skii prikaz), 237

Central Ministry for Litde Russia (Malo- rossiiskii prikaz), 237

Central Polish Library, 577

Central Powers, 463, 482, 485-486, 488, 490, 492, 512, 523, 525

Central Rada, 470-475, 477, 479-482, 485­486, 489-491, 495, 510, 53á; deposed by German Army, 486-488; and peasantry, 498-499; and other peoples, 504; and Jews, 507; and Russians, 507; and Poles, 508; and Crimean Tatars, 511; and Bessa­rabia, 599

Central Ruthenian National Council, 519

Ceres, 178

Cernäup. See Chemivtsi/Cernäup

Chair of Ukrainian Studies, 428 Charlemagne, 56-57

Charles I Habsburg (1887-1922), 467, 513 Charles X Gustav, 219

Charles XII, 238, 243-245, 247, 267

Charles Martel, 35

Charles University, 588

Charter of the Nobility, 274, 355 Chartorys'kyi family, 190

Chas, 602

ChecheT, Mykola (1891-1937), 542, 566 Cheliad’. See Slaves

Chelm/Kholm (city), 115, 121; (region), 10, 130-131, 302, 307, 375, 385, 389, 508; within interwar Poland, 583-584, 596; in Generalgouvernement, 617, 620, 627; (imperial province), seeKholm; (Ortho­dox eparchy), 122,152-153, 188, 222, 375, 620; (Uniate eparchy), 189; abol­ished, 374-375

Chepa, Adriian (1760-ca. 1822), 357 Cheremissians, 44

Cherkasy, 179

Cherkasy (town), 179, 181, 187, 196, 299;

(district), 192

Chem', 181, 251

Chernenko, Konstantin (1911-1985), 666 Cherniakhiv, 41

Cherniakhiv culture, 40, 42

Chernihiv (city), 6, 46, 73, 84, 92, 107, 109, 134, 237, 241, 252, 256, 258, 280, 314, 486; hromada in, 367; seminary in, 286; (principality), 66-67, 75, 77, 82,103, 106-107, 110, 112, 114, 118, 130; (palati­nate), 204-205, 217, 221-224, 229, 231­233, 236, 250; annexed by Poland from Muscovy, 171-172; (imperial province), 276, 307-308, 312, 316, 326, 349, 361; peasant landholdings in, 325-326; in 1917, 477, 479; in 1918, 486, 489; (oblast), 551; (region), 8, 53, 209, 212, 278, 332, 633-634; (Orthodox eparchy), 72, 284, 375; (Roman Catholic diocese), 335

Chemihiv-Briansk (Orthodox eparchy),

153

Chernivtsi/Cernaup, 388, 403, 435, 454, 465, 517-518; taken by Romania, 518; within Romania, 525, 600-601

Chemivtsi, University of, 601-602 Chemyhovs'kyi lystok, 367 Chersonesus, 28, 33-34, 70, 72 Cherven', 66, 115

Chervonyi prapor, 532 Chetvertyns'kyi, Gedeon (d. 1690), 255 Chetyi minei, 102

Chicherin, Georgii Vasilevich, 527 China, 44, 106, 110, 639

Chingis Khan/Temujin (ca. 1167-1227), 105-107, 109, 173, 175

Chi§inati/Kishinev, 341

Choma Rada. See Black Council Chomi Klobuky, 75, 85, 89, 120 Chornobyl', 657; nuclear disaster at, 427, 431, 669-670

Chornovil, Viacheslav (b. 1938), 661 Chortkiv offensive, 516 Chortoryia, 502

Chrysostom, St John (liturgy of), 165, 167 Chteniia, 360

Chubar, Vlas (1891-1939), 538 Chubaty, Nicholas (1889-1975), 71 Chubyns'kyi, Pavlo (1839-1884), 367, 370, 373

Chud, 55

Chumaky, 327; chumak songs, 370 Chuprynka, Taras (Roman Shukhevych, 1907-1950), 648

Church: of St Andrew, 287; of St Nicholas, 121; of the Dormition (Tithe Church, Desiatynna), 99; of the Epiphany (Bohoiavlennia), 258; of the Holy Dor­mition (Uspens'kyi Sobor), 158, 164; of the Holy Protectress, 286; of the Nativity of the Virgin, 287

Church Slavonic language: in Kievan Rus', 99, 101-102; in Grand Duchy of Lithua­nia, 131, 140; in Orthodox cultural revival, 157, 159, 162; standard estab­lished for, 187; in Cossack state, 256; in Kievan Academy, 285, 288; in Galicia, 401, 440, 444-445; in Transcarpathia, 404

Church Slavonic script. See Kyrylytsia script Churchill, Winston, 639, 646

Chyhyryn (town), 196, 200, 204, 213, 236, 296; (district), 192, 196-197, 214

Chykalenko, levhen (1861-1929), 379, 381,450

CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 451 Cihan, Noman Qelebi (1885-1918), 510 Cimmerians, 25-28, 41

Cis-Leithenia, 388

Civil war, 470, 494, 503-504, 580 Classes. See Social strata/estates Clemenceau, Georges, 523

Clement I, Pope, 70

Clement VIII, Pope, 167

Clergy: in early 1600s, 183, 187IT.; in Cos­sack state, 236, 250-252; in Hetmanate, 276, 278-279

Club of Ruthenian Women, 590

Cohen, Sabbatai, 201

Cold War, 427, 431, 433 Collectivization of agriculture, 554-558,

568-569, 577-578, 580-582, 59L 598; after World War II, 645, 649, 651

College of History and Philology, 491 Collegiate Church of St Nicholas, 258 Collegiate Church of the Assumption, 258 Columbia University, 239

Comintern, 532, 593

Commission on the Ukraine Famine, 559 Committees of Poor Peasants, 557 Commonwealth of Independent States,

675

Communism, 433

Communist party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine (CP(b)U), 497; 502,507,526,531-532, 568, 652; and Ukrainianization, 533, 537-539, 541, 543, 547, 563, 566, 573; purges of, 564-565, 567, 570; 14th Con­gress of, 571; Central Committee of, 539, 544, 547, 57°, 576-577, 635; Politburo of, 541 ; Jews and Jewish section in, 575, 577; Poles and Polish sections in, 577-578; Women’s Section in, 591

Communist party of Eastern Galicia, 593 Communist party of Poland, 593 Communist party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), 652, 659, 666; 20th Congress of, 653; 22nd Congress of, 660; Central Committee of, 652, 672; Politburo of, 652, 666-667

Communist party of Ukraine (CPU), 661­662; Central Committee of, 647, 653; Ukrainians in, 654

Communist party of Western Ukraine (KPZU), 547, 593

Communist Youth League. See Komsomol Computer Center, 656

Congress of Minority Peoples, 477 Congress of Ruthenian Scholars (Sobor

Uchenykh Rus'kykh), 414

Congress of Soviets, 527; Second, 479 Congress of Soviets of Workers’, Peasants’, and Soldiers’ Deputies, 529

Congress of the Landowners’ Alliance, 489 Conquest, Robert, 559, 567

Constantine I (‘the Great’), 96 Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, 92 Constantine/Cyril, St, 45, 62, 70-71, 95,

101

Constantinople, 55, 60, 68, 75, 96-97, 99, 117,180, 196, 243, 314; attacked by Oleh, 62, 188, by Ihor, 63, by Pechenegs, 75; fall of, 14,155,173; ecumenical patriarch in, 70-71, 7θ> 98,121-122, 152-153, 155,

158,160,163-164,189, 208, 255-256,

283, 433

Constituent assembly, 469, 473-475, 477 Cooperative movement: in eastern Galicia,

442; in interwar Poland, 589, 592; abol­ished by Soviets, 619

Copernicus, 149 Copper Age, 26 Corsica, 57

Corsicans, 270 Corvee, 143-145

Cossack Sich beyond the Danube

(Zadunais'ka Sich), 318

Cossack state: defined, 231; structure of,

229-237; trade with Islamic world, 254;

Ukrainophiles on, 439

Cossacks, 19, 360, 362, 364, 422; in Lithua­nia, 138; in Polish-Lithuanian Common­wealth, 169; rise of, 178 ff.; in revolution of 1648, 195 ff.; in Great Northern War, 244; in Hetmanate, 273, 278, 289; in Right Bank, 293-295; in early nineteenth century, 317-318, 356-357; (registered), 182, 197, 266; see also Don Cossacks;

Town Cossacks; Zaporozhian Cossacks Council of Ambassadors on Polish Affairs,

525

Council of Lands, 337-338, 394 Council of Lords (pans'ka rada), 140 Council of Officers {rada starshyri), 230,

234, 236

Council of Ministers: in Moscow, 530; of

Soviet Ukraine, 531

Council of People’s Commissars, 479, 527, 530; issues ultimatum, 481; see also Soviet Russian government; of Ukrainian SSR, 530, 539; of Crimea, 579, 580

Council of Seniors, 626-627 Counter Reformation, 159, 160 ff., 287 CP(b)U. See Communist party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine

Cracow (city), 115, 219, 222, 243, 301, 425, 620, 627-628; (city-state), 387, 390, 407, 418; (palatinate), 385, 389; (school dis­trict), 588

Crimea, 5-6, 8-9, 314, 338, 345, 347, 349“ 350; in earliest period, 27-30, 32-34, 40, 44-45, 146; in Kievan period, 91, 94-96, 106, 112, 117; in Lithuanian-Polish period, 146, 172ff., 178-179, 183, 186, 191, 219, 227, 241-243; incorporated in Russian Empire, 275; in 1917, 479; claimed by Hetmanate, 510; in 1919, 502; in 1920s and 1930s, 579-580; German occupation of, 625; retaken by Red Army, 637; ceded to Soviet Ukraine, 653; Christians in, 69-70; Germans in, 579, 624; Greeks in, 579, 58i;Jews in, 575, 579; Russians in, 511, 579-580

Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Crimean ASSR), 511, 576, 579, 580, 582; nationality composition of, 579; abolition of, 653

Crimean Central Executive Committee, 579

Crimean Communist party, 580

Crimean Goths, 33, 44

Crimean Khanate, 172 ff., 176, 182, 208, 229, 263, 267, 273, 347; trade with Cos­sack state, 254; independent from Otto­man Empire, 275, 302; incorporated in Russian Empire, 437

Crimean State Publishing House, 580 Crimean Tatar language, 580-581 Crimean Tatar National party (Milli

Farka), 510-511, 579, 580

Crimean Tatars, 172, 175-176; raids by, 176, 211-212, 229-230; allies of Khmel'nyts'kyi, 199, 204-205; allies of the Poles, 218-219; and the Jews, 200, 202; Muscovy and, 238, 240-243, 281; in twentieth century, 9, 511; in Dnieper Ukraine, 331-332, 346-348; see also Tatars

Crimean War, 314, 321, 347

Croatia, 387

Croats, 357

Cromwell, Oliver, 205 Crusades, 127, 146 Cumans. See Polovtsians

Curzon Line, 639

Cyril (metropolitan, d. 1281), 121-122 Cyril (missionary). See Constan tine/Cyril, St

Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood, 363­366, 416

Czajkowski, Michal (1808-1886), 337, 366 Czaplinski, Daniel, 197, 200

Czartoryski, Adam (1770-1861), 335 Czartoryski family, 292

Czech language, 162, 387, 607

Czech Republic, 95, 387 Czecho-Slovakia, 614-615

Czechoslovakia, 13, 470, 518-520, 525, 589;

Ukrainian diaspora in, 588; Rusyns/

Ukrainians in, 602-608; in 1938, 613; loses Subcarpathian Rus', 641-642; since World War II, 643, 650, 652, 661, 667; see also Czecho-Slovakia

Czechs, 331, 349, 357, 399, 401,412, 504, 642; in postwar Soviet Ukraine, 643

Czekanowski, Jan, 38

Czerwien. See Cherven'

Czestochowa, 219

Dairy Union. See Provincial Dairy Union Dalmatia, 388

Danube Delta, 10, 62; Danubian Basin, 519 Danube River, 38-39, 64, 75, 89, 93, 95,

108, 175, 178, 270-271, 319, 345, 387, 639 Danubian Cossacks, 318

Danylo (Romanovych, d. 1264), 82, 110, 115, 118-121, 128, 163

Danzig/Gdansk, 148-149, 282; (city-state), 346, 616

Danzigers, 270

Dardanelles, 462

Darius I, 32

Dashava, 657

David (Ihorevych, d. 1112), 117

Dazhboh, 47, 69

Debrecen, 408

Decembrist revolt, 314

Declaration of independence: (Khust,

1939), 615; (Kiev, 1918), 482; (Kiev,

1991), 673-674; (L'viv, 1918), 513, 517; (L'viv, 1941), 626

Declaration of state sovereignty, 672

Declaration of unity of all Ukrainian lands, 495, 515

Dedko, Dmytro (d. ca. 1349), 123 Dekulakization, 557-558, 578, 580-581, 591 Deliatyn, 394

Denikin, Anton (1872-1947), 500-502, 507, 509, 517

Denmark, 56, 243

Department of Jewish Culture, 576

Department of Ruthenian Language and Literature, 448

Der Nister. See Kahanovich, Pinkhes

Der Shtem, 576

Derevlianians, 46, 62-63, 66 Derman' monastery, 155

Desna River, 38, 46, 73, 103 De-Stalinization, 653-654, 660 Dialects. See Language

Diana, 178

Diaspora: Ukrainian, 426-428, 649, 671; other, 431-434; see also Emigration

Didyts'kyi, Bohdan (1827-1909), 443 Diet (Sejm), in Kingdom of Poland, 132, 142-143; in Polish-Lithuanian Common­wealth, 137, 192, 200, 292, 295; (Landtag/ sejm/soim), of Bukovina, 421, 453-454, 518; abolished, 601; of Galicia, 420-422, 425, 430, 448, 452

Dilo, 440, 592

Dilove, 13

Dionizy (Waledynski), 596 Dir, 55-56, 61-62, 69, 71, 88

Directory, 470, 492-495, 498-499, 501, 504, 536, 541; and Jews, 507; and Orthodox church, 545

Displaced persons, 643

Dissidents, 661-663

Distinguished Military Fellows (Znachni viis'kovi tovaryshi), 250

Distrikt Galizien, 627

Divochka, Onysyfor (d. 1589), 164 Dnewnyk rus’kij, 409, 439

Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, 553, 624 Dnieper River, 3, 5,18, 23, 28, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 51, 53, 55, 57,60-63, 71, 73, 79, 98, 113, 148, 172, 175-177, 179, 192, 196, 201, 216-218, 220, 227-231, 233, 243, 245, 247, 267, 269, 275, 290, 294­295, 307, 319, 327, 330, 334, 344-345, 501, 656; baptism in, 72; battle for, 635; Herodotus on, 30; reservoirs along, 657 Dniester Fire Insurance Association, 442 Dniester River, 5, 28, 36, 39-40, 42, 46, 93, 112, 117, 247, 271, 307, 348-349, 485, 501, 572, 599, 624-625, 639 Dniprodzerzhyns'k, reservoir at, 657 Dnipropetrovs'k (city), 271, 541, 553, 638; growth of, 664;Jews in, 575; (oblast), 551, 674; see also Katerynoslav/ Dnipropetrovs'k

‘Dnipropetrovs'k Mafia,’ 659 Dobrians'kyi, Adol'f (1817-1901), 415,418, 449,454-455

Dobrians'kyi, Antin (1810-1877), 400 Dobrovsky, Josef, 357, 401

Dobruja, 178 Dobzhansky, Theodosius (1900-1975), 432

Dolgorukii family, 332 Don Cossack Lands, 500 Don Cossack Republic, 481

Don Cossacks, 179, 204, 270, 307, 319, 500, 563

Don River, 5, 10, 30, 38, 44-45, 57, 73, 75, 79, 89, 107, 110, 112, 146, 205, 243, 320, 325, 330, 465, 557, 56o

Donbas (Donets' Basin), 8, 330, 481-482, 553, 564, 573, 624, 634-635, 651, 656­657

Donets' River, 5,36, 38,40, 57, 89, 107, 205, 212, 327, 334

Donets'k, 657; growth of, 664; (oblast), 674; see also luzivka/Donets'k; Stalino Donets'-Kryvyi Rih Soviet Republic, 486 Donskoi, Dmitrii, 646

Dontsov, Dmytro (1883-1937), 428, 597; on Mazepa, 239

Doros, 33, 44, 70

Doroshenko, Dmytro (1882-1951), 21, 237, 428, 472, 490, 492; on Mazepa, 234

Doroshenko, Petro (1627-1698), 225, 227,

240-241, 266, 293

Dovbush, Oleksa (1700-1745), 294

Dovbysh, 577

Dovhovych, Vasyl' (1783-1849), 405

Dovzhenko, Oleksander (1894-1956), 544

Dovzhenko Studio, 656

Drach, Ivan (b. 1936), 654, 663, 670

Dragula, Nikolai, 641

Drahomanov, Mykhailo (1841-1895), 370-

37L373, 377,426,449

Drevnerusskii iazyk. See‘Old Russian lan­guage,’ concept of

Drevnerusski narod. See ‘Old Russian nation­ality,’ concept of

Dreyfus case, 452

Drohobych, 395, 429, 585; Jews in, 394

Drozd, Volodymyr (b. 1939), 654

Druzhyna (retinue), 85-86, 114

Druzhyny Ukrains'kykh Natsionalistiv. See

Legions of Ukrainian Nationalists

Dryzhypole, Battle of, 219

Dubno monastery, 155

Dubnow, Simon, 295, 299

Ducu, Gheorghe, 349

Dudykevych, Volodymyr (1861-1922), 465

Dukhnovych, Aleksander (1803-1865),

415-416, 454-455, 605

Dukhnovych Society, 607

Dulebians, 42, 44, 46, 53

Dumas, 315, 348, 380-381, 468-469; of

cities and towns, 309

Dumy, 176-177, 256

Dunajec River, 465

Durnovo, Nikolai, 100

Dutch, 149

Dvina, 191

Dvoriane, 316

Dvorianstvo (Russian nobility), 22, 276, 316,

335, 347, 355-356

Dvornik, Francis, 40, 52

Dziuba, Ivan (b. 1931), 654, 661, 670

East Germany, 13, 65a, 667

East Prussia, 616, 630, 639

East Slavic tribes, 44, 47, 55-56, 60-62, 64, 127

East Slavs, 40, 45, 51, 66, 69, 101, 287; Byz­antine influence on, 95, 98; Habsburg officials and, 397; Muscovy and, 208,

256- 257; anti-Normanists on, 53; Old Ruthenians and Russophiles on, 438; Polish writers on, 17; Soviet view of, 24, 648-649; Ukrainian scholars on, 19, θ55

East-central Europe, 119, 131, 146, 246­247, 281, 354, 385, 387, 406, 425, 428, 434. 5θ3> 541. 6oi, 603, 606, 613-614,

616, 652

Eastern Europe, 23, 64, 67, 105-106, 112­113,115, 119,123,130, 148,175,195. 204, 210, 218, 228, 238-239, 244-245. 247,

257- 259, 263, 340, 343, 346, 353-354, 432-435, 444, 517, 536, 596, 613-614,

617, 622, 629, 667; defined, 13

Eastern Little Poland, 584

Eastern Roman Empire. See Byzantine

Empire

Edmonton, Alberta, 428

Eger, 404

Eichhorn, Hermann von (1848-1918),

490

Eichmann, Adolf, 506

Einsatzgruppen, 631

Elbe River, 38-39

Elizabeth (daughter of laroslav), 76

Elizabeth (empress), 273-274

Ellans'kyi, Vasyl', 545; see also Blatkytnyi, Vasyl'

Elysian fields, 178

Emigration, 325-326, 330; from Galicia, Bukovina, and Transcarpathia, 425-426; from interwar Poland, 586, 588; see also Diaspora

Ems Ukase, 371-373, 37θ-377, 38o, 448­449

Encyclopedia Judaica, 507

Encyclopedia of Ukraine, 428

Engel, Johann Christian von (1770-1814),

18, 400

Engel'gardt, Vasilii, 362 Engels, Friedrich, 378, 534 England, 79, 149, 205, 217, 239, 24Ç, Ç25, 350, 425

English, 330

Enlightenment, 275, 361, 4°° Entente, 463, 467, 469, 492-493, 512-51Ç,

517, 519-520, 523, 525; intervenes in Civil War, 500-501; and Ukraine, 501­502; supports Polish independence, 515­516

Epiphany monastery, 155

Epshtein, lakiv (lakiv lakovliev, 1896­

1939), 497

Ernst, Fedir (1891-1949), 565

Eski Kirim. See Solkhat/Staryi Krym Estates. See Social strata/estates Esterhazy, Janos (1901-1957), 604 Estonia, 58, 209, 243, 263

Estonian SSR, 617

Etelkoz, 57

‘Eternal peace’ of 1686, 228, 238, 241, 293­294

Ethnolinguistic groups, 3, 5, 8-10 Ettinger, Shmuel, 201

Europe, 3, 56, 76, 95-96, 106, 172, 217, 238,

246, 270, 280, 282-283, 302, 312-314, 321, 340, 351, 353-354, 387, 395, 402, 406, 410, 41Ç, 427, 430, 433, 452, 457, 461, 519, 531, 541, 571, 591, 597,603, 608, 612, 621, 638, 642, 643, 644; see also Cen­tral Europe; East-central Europe; East­ern Europe; Northern Europe; Southern Europe; Western Europe

Evangelical Lutherans. See Lutheranism/ Lutherans

Evlogii. See Georgievskii, Evlogii Evtushenko, Evgenii, 654

Exarchate for Western Europe, 433 Exarchate of Ukraine, 545-546

Executive Committee of the Council of

Combined Social Organizations (IKSOOO), 471-472

Expeditionary groups (pokhidni hrupy),

626-627, 633

False Dmitrii, 209

Famine: of 1921, 539, 550; of 1933, seeGreat

Famine of 1933; of 1946, 645

Far East, 60, 94, 313-314, 325, 330, 557- 643

Fascism, 621

February Revolution, 468-471, 499-500, 5O8, 510

Federalist opposition, 532

Fed'kovych, Osyp (1834-1888), 453

Fedor, 209

Fedorov, Ivan. See Fedorovych, Ivan

Fedorovych, Ivan (ca. 1525-1583), 156, 159

Fefer, Itzik (1900-1952), 576

Feldman, Wilhelm (1868-1919), 434

Felitsiial (Samson’s Fountain), 286-287

Felvidek, 604

Fennell, John H., 109

Fentsyk, levhen (1844-1903), 455

Fentsyk, Stepan (1892-1945), 614

Ferdinand I Habsburg (1793-1875), 407­

408

Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 351

Fiddler on the Roof, 340

Filevich, Ivan, 53

Filip, Jan, 38

Filofei, 14, 257

Fil'varok, 144

Final Solution, 630-631

Finland, 13, 275, 313, 482, 639; Gulf of, 46,

55, 58, 62, 65, 243-244, 263

Finland Station, 478

Finnic peoples, 58; tribes, 52, 55, 61, 64, 75

Finns, 53, 56

First Novgorod Chronicle, 52, 55

First Ukrainian Corps, 489

First Ukrainian Partisan Division, 635

Fisher, Alan, 176

Fitingof-Shele, B., 239

Five-Year Plan: First, 551, 553-555; Second, 553, 563; Third, 553; Fourth, 644-645; Fifth, 644-645, 656; Eleventh, 656

Flanders, 149, 287

Flondor, lancu (1865-1924), 518 Florence, Union of, 153, 163

Florinskii, Timofei (1854-1919), 334, 381 Florinsky, Michael T. (1894-1981), 16, 52,

432; on Mazepa, 239

Florovsky, Georges (1893-1979), 432

Foaia, 435

Fomin, Aleksander (1869-1935), 334 France, 11, 54, 56, 58, 76, 84, 149, 161, 239­

240, 274, 313-314, 321, 325, 344, 350,

352, 354, 402, 420, 425, 449; and World War I, 461-463, 482, 516; and Civil War, 501; interwar, 523, 564, 600, 611-613; emigration to, 586; and World War II, 616; after 1945, 639, 642, 644

Franco, Francisco, 597, 612 Franco-Prussian war, 462

Frank, Hans (1900-1946), 628

Frank, Jacob (Jacob Leibowitz, d. 1791),

341

Frankfurt, 6, 407, 412

Frankists, 341

Franko, Ivan (1856-1916), 445-446, 449;

on Cossacks, 170

Franks, 35

Franz I Habsburg (1768-1835), 399, 407 Franz Ferdinand Habsburg (1863-1914),

451, 461-462

Franzjoseph I Habsburg (1830-1916), 313, 389, 408, 415, 418, 450-451, 453, 467

Franzos, Karl-Emil (1848-1904), 395 Fredro, Aleksander (1793-1876), 429

Free Academy of Proletarian Literature (VAPLITE), 545

Free Cossacks, 482

Freidorf, 576

French, 330, 492

French language, 285, 332, 351, 358 French Revolution, 351, 353, 361

Friedlander, Israel, 147

Friedman, Saul F., 505

Frisians, 354

Frontier Army, 319

Frycz-Modrzewski, Andrzej (1503-1572),

149

Gagatko, Andrei (1884-1944), 608 Gagauz, 8-9, 17, 23, 643

Gaj, Ljudevit, 357

Galagan, Hryhorii (1819-1888), 367 Galiatovs'kyi, loanikii (ca. 1620-1688), 256 Galicia (region), 8; horody in, 46; Polish view of, 18; Ukrainian view of, 23; (prin­cipality, later kingdom), 77, 82, 91, 103, 106, 110, 112, 115-117, 121-122, 148; Mongols invade, 107; compared to rest of Kievan Rus', 114; as exception, 130; unites with Volhynia, nyff.; Hungarian claim to, 117, 301; taken over by Poland, 123, 131, 134; Jewish council in, 146; (palatinate), in Lithuanian-Polish period, 137, 143, 170, 178-179, 187, 196; at time of Cossack state, 219-220, 244, 256; in 1700s, 263, 286-287, 289, 290, 294, 301; Russian claim to, 284; annexed by Habsburg Empire, 117, 301, 397; (Habsburg province), 339, 377, 382, 387­389, 391-393, 399, 402, 405, 415, 449­452, 542; in late 1700s, 216; Valuev decree and, 371-372; in 1848 revolution, 408ff., 416; after 1848, 4i7ff., 426-427, 453, 457; population of after 1848, 422­424; Jews in, 423-424, 434-435; coopera­tives in, 589; tsarist army in, 463-465; in World War I, 467, 512; in revolutionary era, 501-503, 5i3ff·, 517-518; in Treaty of St Germain-en-Laye, 525; awarded to Poland, 525-526; interwar, 21; UPA in, 648; (Orthodox eparchy), 71; (Orthodox metropolitanate), 122, 152; see also Rus' (Galician) palatinate

Galicia Division, 627-628, 637

Galicia, eastern, 9, 18, 389, 392, 397, 409, 424, 431, 433-434, 608; Ukrainian national movement in before 1914, 436ff.; other peoples in, 393-396, 429­430, 434; in secret protocol, 485-486; in revolutionary era, 514-515, 516, 519, 523; in interwar Poland, 526, 541, 583ff., 588, 593-595, 597, 601, 614, 621; cooperatives in, 589; Ukrainian women in, 589-591; united with Soviet Ukraine, 427, 617, 639, 648; deportations from, 619-620; Soviet retreat from, 624; in Generalgou­vernement, 625, 627, 631-632, 634; Ger­mans from, 630; Nachtigall in, 626; retaken by Red Army, 637; Ukrainian Catholic church in, 672

Galicia, western, 407

Galician Resolution, 420, 422

Galician Ukrainian Army, 501, 515; joins Denikin, 502; see also Ukrainian Galician Army

Galician-Rus' Matytsia, 414, 441-443 Galician-Russian Benevolent Society, 449, 465

Galicians, 440, 465

Galidan-Volhynian Chronicle, 103, 119, 121 Galicia-Volhynia (principality, later king­dom), 66-67, 80, 82, 105, H4-i24ff., 127, 129, 131, 163, 393, 400; strong boyar class in, 86; migration to, 113; annexed by Poland, 123; claimed by Hungary, 117, 385; views on, 438-439

Galitzianer, 430

Gardariki, 84

Gartner, Fedir (1843-1925), 440

Gaspirali, Ismail Bey (1851-1914), 347 Gdansk, 148-149, 282, 616; see also Danzig/ Gdansk

Gedeonov, Stepan, 53

Gediminas, 129-130, 138, 152 Gediminid dynasty, 130, 134, 138

General Secretariat, 472, 477, 504, 507

General Ukrainian Council, 466

General Ukrainian Non-Party Democratic Organization, 377, 379

Generalgouvernement, 617, 620, 625, 627­629, 649, 651

Geneva, 377, 525

Genoa, 94, 112, 148, 525

Genoese, 172-173, 175

Gente Rutheni, natione Poloni, concept of, 149, 437

Gentry; in Lithuania, 138-140; in Poland, 142-143, 145, 210; in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 147, 192, 197; in six­teenth-century Ukraine, 183; Rus', 140, 149-155,169> 185,197, 240, 249; Cossack, see Starshyna

Gentry assembly (sobranie dvorianstva), 307, 309

Geographic Society, Imperial Russian. See Imperial Russian Geographic Society

Geography, 3-6 Georgia, 516, 533 Georgians, 635, 668 Georgievskii, Evlogii (Vasilii, 1868-1946),

433

German Army, 486-488, 490, 492, 495, 497, 508, 616, 622, 625-628, 630, 635, 638

German Empire, 420

German language, 162, 285, 332, 346, 351, 358, 387-388, 394-395, 398-400, 411, 456; official in Habsburg Empire, 391; in Bukovina, 403, 601; in Galicia, 418, 423; in Subcarpathian Rus', 607

German Pedagogical Institute, 578 German Sixth Army, 635 Germanophiles, 430

Germans, 9, 87,119,146,156, 270-271, 280, 354, 477, 486, 500; in Lithuania, 139; in Dnieper Ukraine, 331-332,344-346,374, 504, 508; in Crimea, 347, 579; in Galicia (province), 390, 395, 418, 424, 515; in Bukovina, 452, 454; in northern Buko­vina, 453; pogroms against, 508; ethnic (Volksdeutsche), 612; in middle Volga region, 563; in Soviet Ukraine, 573, 578­579; and Generalgouvernement, 620; Soviet deportation of, 624; occupy Crimea, 511; settled to Wartheland, 630; and Holocaust, 631; destroy villages, 633; and Soviet POWs, 634; OUN and, 635; defeat/retreat of, 635, 637-638, 648; driven from Crimea, 653; destruction by, 639; expulsion of, 642; in postwar Soviet Ukraine, 643; see also Austro-Germans; Black Sea Germans; Mennonites; Sudeten Germans

Germany, 3, 16, 24, 160, 274, 325, 371, 400, 402, 507-508, 578; at time of Kievan Rus', 56, 76, 84; Mazepa visits, 240; industrial­ists from, 350; and World War 1,461-463, 467, 470, 482-484, 488, 492-493, 498, 523; treaty with Soviet Ukraine, 532; interwar, 564, 568, 597, 600, 605, 611­613, 616; during World War II, 6i6ff., 622, 624, 629-630, 632, 634, 639; after World War II, 433, 649

Gerovskii, Aleksei (1883-1972), 454, 465, 608

Gerovskii, Georgii (1886-1959) 454, 465,

608

Gestapo, 631

Ginsberg, Asher Hirsh. SecHa-Am, Ahad Gizel', Inokentii (ca. 1600-1683), 256-257 Glasnost’, 666-668, 670, 672

Gleb. SceHlib/Gleb

Glos Radziecki,

Gminy, 583

Gogol', Nikolai (1809-1852), 186,355, 358,

362

Golden Gate, 76

Golden Horde, 112-113,120,123,127,129, 152, 172, 175-176; created, 109-110; political crises in, 130, 172; end of, 208

Goldfaden, Abraham (1840-1908), 435 Golitsyn, Vasilii (1643-1714), 241-242, 332 Golubev, Stepan, 334

Golubovskij, Petr, 53 Goluchowski, Agenor (1812-1875), 418, 420-422, 439, 449

Gonta, Ivan (d. 1768), 297-300 Gorbachev, Mikhail (b. 1931), 299, 427,

434, 666-667, 669-670, 672-674, 669­670, 673-674

Gorbachev revolution, 559 Gordon, Linda, 181 Gorizia-Gradisca, 388

Gosplan. See State Planning Commission Gosty, 87

Goszczynski, Seweryn (1803-1876), 298, 336-337, 366

Gothengau, 629

Go thia, 112

Goths, 27, 33-34, 40, 42, 629; accept Chris­tianity, 70

Governing Council of the Hetman’s

Office, 273

Governor-general of Kiev, 370

Grabowski, Michal (1805-1863), 366

Grabski, Stanislaw (1871-1949), 465 Grabski, Wladyslaw (1874-1938), 594

Graz, 465

Grazhdanka script, 402, 439

Great Britain, 3, 461-463, 523, 532, 598,

600, 613, 635, 639, 642, 646

Great Famine of 1933, 557-5O3, 597,672; in Crimea, 580; Germans in, 578; Greeks in, 581

Great Northern War, 238, 243ff., 258, 263, 272, 291

Great Purge, 567

Great Romania, 625

Great Rus', 68, 213, 218-219; (Orthodox eparchy), 152

‘GreatRussia’ (term), 15

Great Russians (velikorossy), 400, 438 Greater Germany, 620, 628, 630

Greece, 13, 25, 28, 31,188, 288, 353,462 Greek Catholic church, 68, 165-166,168,

Ç97-Ç98, 401,433; in Galicia, 444-445, 465; in interwar Poland, 594-596; under

Soviet rule, 619; in Generalgouverne­ment, 620, 629, 632; Soviet ban against, 427, 649-651; in underground, 663; reconstitution of, 671; in Transcar­pathia/Subcarpathian Rus', 403-404, 455, 604, 607-608, 650

Greek Catholicism, 427, 649

Greek Catholics, 374, 398, 423, 449; in

North America, 427, 449

Greek language, 102,157, 159, 285, 581 Greeks, 9, 28-33, 87, 254, 269-270, 279­

280, 321, 327, 354; in Dnieper Ukraine, 331, 339-350, 504; in Soviet Ukraine and Crimea, 573, 579, 581, 643; see also Byzan­tine Greeks

Green World, 670

Gregory XIII, Pope, 164

Grekov, Boris D., 53, 91; on Antes, 40

Grendzha-Dons'kyi, Vasyl' (1897-1974), 607-608

Grigorenko, Petro (1907-1987), 661-662

Grodno (imperial province), 307, 335; in 1918, 486; (Orthodox eparchy), see Hrodna

Groener, Wilhelm (1867-1939), 488 Gromada Human. SeeUman' Society Grossmann, Vasilii (1905-1964), 559 Guard Battalion 201, 626

Gubemii, 302, 305, 307; abolition of, 540

Gubemskoe prisutstvie, 307-308

Gudai, 134

Gudzii, Nikolai K, 103

Gyorgy II Rakoczi, 205, 219

Gypsies, 630, 633; see also Roma

Íà-Am, Ahad (Asher Hirsh Ginsberg, 1856-1927), 344

Habsburg Dual Monarchy. See Austria-Hun­gary

Habsburg Empire, 182, 411, 413, 422, 462, 466, 512, 518, 587, 592, 600; acquires Ukrainian lands, 385; end of, 308, 317, 457

Habsburgs, 117, 204, 301, 385, 387-390, 408, 415, 418, 439, 451, 462, 467

Haci Giray, 173

Hadiach, 235, 280; Union of, 221-225, 232

Hagia Sophia, 99

Haidamak Kish, 482

Haidamak movement, 295-301, 499; Jews and, 338, 340; view of otamany on, 499

Hajdtidorog, Greek Catholic eparchy of, 651

Halan, laroslav (1902-1949), 649

Halecki, Oscar, 17

Haller, Jozef (1873-1960), 516

Halych (town), 84, 91, 107, 109,115, 118­119; as seat of Galician metropolitanate, 122, 152; Jews in, 393; (Orthodox epar­chy), 122, 152, 157

Halych and L'viv, Roman Catholic arch­bishopric of, 154

Halych-L'viv, Orthodox eparchy of, 153 Halycho-ruskii vlstnyk, 413

Hammer, Armand (1878-1990), 431 Hammersdorfer, Carl, 18

Hannover, Nathan (d. 1683), 201

Hantsov, Vsevolod (1892-1979), 565 Harold the Stern, 76

HART. See Association of Proletarian Writ­ers

Harvard University, 428, 432

Hasidism, 299, 340-341, 394-395; Hasidic traditionalists, 430

Haskalah, 394-395

Hebraic Historico-Archeographic Commis­sion, 576

Hebrew language, 344, 575-576

Hebrews, 178

Helga. SeeOl'ha/Helga/Helena

Helgi. See Oleh/Helgi

Hellenism, 99

Hellenization, 581

Helmreich, William B., 201

Helsinki group, 661

Henry I Capet, 76

Herder, Johann Gottfried, 353, 361 Hermaize, Osyp (1892-1958), 565, 576 Hermanaric, 33

Hermanossa, 45; see also Tamatarcha/Her- manossa

Herodotus, 30-31, 36

Herrenvolker, 629

Hertsyk family, 252, 279

Hetman, office of, 235-236

Hetmanate, 231, 233, 237, 242-243, 251­254; within Russian Empire, 247, 263, 265-267, 269-270, 271-274, 275-282, 285-287, 290, 294-296, 316, 319-320, 326, 329, 332, 374; abolition of, 275-276, 284, 305-306, 319, 351, 355

Hetmanate (1918), 172, 470, 488-493, 495, 498-499, 542; and Crimea, 510; andjews, 504, 507; and Poles, 508; and Russians, 507

Hibbat Zion, 343

Highlands (Felvidek), 604

Himmler, Heinrich, 632

Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945), 597, 611-617, 622, 627-630, 634, 650

Hlib/Gleb, 73, 102

Hlibov, Leonid (1827-1893), 367 Hlibovyts'kyi, Ivan (d. 1890), 453-454 Hlukhiv, 245, 247, 272, 274, 286, 329 Hoffman, Gottfried, 287

Hohenzollern dynasty, 599

Holland, 240, 243

Holmgàrd. See Novgorod

Holocaust, 432, 629-633

Holoskevych, Hryhorii (1884-1934), 565

Holovats'kyi, lakiv (1814-1888), 402-403, 414, 441, 448

Holovna Rus'ka Rada. See Supreme Ruthe- nian Council

Holovna Ukrains'ka Rada. See Supreme Ukrainian Council

Holubovych, Sydir (1873-1938), 515

Holy Alliance, 228, 241

Holy Roman Empire, 84, 131, 185

Holy Synod, 284-285, 369-370, 374-375; abolition of, 491

Homin, 662

Homman,J. Baptiste, 171

Honchar, Oles' (1918-1995), 654-655

Honveds, 408, 464

Horàk, Jiri, 38

Horbachevs'kyi, Ivan (1854-1942), 467 Hordiienko, Kost' (d. 1733), 245, 267 Horlenko family, 251

Horodlo, agreement at, 133, 139, 141 Horodok. SeeVolyn'/Horodok

Horodok brotherhood, 159

Horody, 40, 46

Horowitz, Vladimir (1904-1989), 431

Horyn', Mykhailo (b. 1930), 670

Horyn' River, 46

Hòtzendorf, Conrad von, 464

House of Commons, 598

House of Deputies, 591; in Prague, 603; see also Sejm (interwar Poland)

Hoverla, 5

Hrabar, Konstantyn (1877-1933), 604, 608 Hrabianka, Hryhorii (1686-1737), 289, 357 Hrebinka, levhen (1812-1848), 358 Hrinchenko, Borys (1863-1910), 376, 379, 441

Hrinchenko, Mykola (1888-1942), 544 Hrodna (Orthodox eparchy), 153; (impe­rial province), see Grodno

Hroerkr. See Riuryk/Hroerkr

Hromada (journal), 377

Hromada (society), 367-368, 370-371 Hromada (village assembly), 312 Hromads'ka dumka, 379-380

Hromads'kyi, Oleksii (1882-1943), 628 Hrushevs'kyi, Mykhailo S. (1866-1934), 21-23, 53, 376, 380-381, 428, 439, 443­444, 450, 672; first arrest of, 465; presi­dent of Central Rada, 471-472, 486; goes to Soviet Ukraine, 542; exiled to Russia, 565; on agreement of Pereiaslav, 216; on Antes, 40; on Cossacks, 170, 197; on Mazepa, 239

Hrushevs'kyi, Oleksander (1877-1943), 380, 565

Hryhoriiv, Matvii/Nykyfor (1888-1918), 497, 499, 502; pogroms and, 507 Hryhorovych-Bars'kyi, Ivan (1713-1785), 286-287

Hryn'ko, Hryhorii (1890-1938), 532, 538; at show trial, 568-570

Hugo, Victor, 239

Hulak, Mykola (1822-1899), 363-364 Hulak-Artemovs'kyi, Petro (1813-1873), 358, 376

Human. &Uman'/Human

Hunczak, Taras (b. 1932), 506

Hungarian Kingdom, 387, 518; Ausgleich and, 420, 454-455

Hungarian language, 604

Hungarian Plain, 5

Hungarian revolution (1849), 313 Hungarians, 9, 118-119, 313, 408, 417, 614-615, 637, 641; in 1918, 518

Hungary, 13, 62, 76, 93, 95, 114-115, H7~ 119, 134, 263, 269, 287, 294, 301, 318, 387-392, 398-400, 402, 404-405, 462, 667; Mongols in, 107; claims principali­ties of Galicia and Volhynia, 117; ally of Galicia-Volhynia, 120; and Poland, 131­132; in 1848 revolution, 408, 412, 414­415, 455; after 1849, 418, 420, 430, 435; during World War I, 465, 525; as repub­lic, 518; as Soviet republic, 519; interwar, 604-605, 611-613, 615, 641; after 1945, 651-652

Hunger. See Famine

Hunia, Dmytro (Dumitru Hunu), 192, 348 Huns, 25, 27, 33-34, 40, 42, 70

Hunu, Dumitru. See Hunia, Dmytro Hurmuzaki, Eudoxiu (1812-1874), 435 Hurok, Sol (1888-1974), 431

Hus, Jan, 161-162

Hustyn monastery, 155

Hutsalo, levhen (b. 1937), 654

Hutsul Republic, 519

Hutsuls, 595

Huyn, Karl, 513

laik Cossacks, 270 lakhymovych, Hryhorii (1792-1863), 409 lakovliv, Andrii (1872-1955), 216 lalovyi, Mykhailo (1895-1937), 565 lannopulo family, 350 lanovs'kyi, Teodosii, 285 lanson, lurii, 325

laropolk I (Sviatoslavych, ca. 958-980), 66 laropolk II (Volodymyrovych, 1082-1139), 80

laroslav (OsmomysP, d. 1187), 117 laroslav (‘the Wise,’ 978-1054), 65, 67, 73,

75-76, 82-83, 98-99, 101-102, 116, 119, 121, 187; assigns patrimonies, 76-78, 85; commissions Rus' Law, 76, 90; Muscovite princes and, 208

laroslavl', 107 laroslavna, 104 larylo, 47

Ia§i/Jassy, 186, 196; Romanian metropoli­tanate at, 349

lasyns'kyi, Varlaam (ca. 1627-1707), 258, 285 latvigians (Sudavians), 66, 75, 127 lavorivs'kyi, Volodymyr (b. 1942), 670 lavors'kyi, luliian (1878-1937), 441, 465 lavors'kyi, Matvii (1885-1937), 21-22,

564

lavors'kyi, Stefan (1658-1722), 258-259,

285, 288

lazychie, 440-441

Ibrahimov, Veli (d. 1928), 579-581 lefremov, Serhii (1876-1939), 379, 381, 472, 542, 565

lelysavethrad/Kirovohrad/Zinovivs'k, 269,

271, 286, 350, 541; pogrom in, 341 levsektsiia, 575

Ignatieff, George (1913-1989)· 432

Ihor (laroslavych, 1036-1060), 116-117

Ihor (Sviatoslavych, 1151-1202), 82, 103­

104

Ihor/Ingvar (ca. 877-945), 61, 63, 84; attacks Constantinople, 63

Ihorevych dynasty, 117

Ikonnikov, Vladimir (1841-1923), 334 IKSOOO. See Executive Committee of the

Council of Combined Social Organiza­tions

liarion (d. 1054), 76

Illyria, 188

Ilovaiskii, Dmitrii, 53

Imperial Academy of Sciences. Sec Acad­emy of Sciences, Imperial

Imperial Archeographic Commission, 360,

363

Imperial Heraldry Office, 356

Imperial Russian Geographic Society,

Southwestern (Kiev) Branch of, 370-373 Imperial Society for the Study of Russian

History and Antiquities, 360 Independence, declaration of. See Declara­tion of independence ‘Independentists,’ Ukrainian Social-Demo­cratic, 497, 532

Indigenization, 533, 537, 570 Industrialization, 553-554, 568

Industry: in Hetmanate in 1700s, 280-281; in Dnieper Ukraine before 1860s, 327, 329-330; in Galicia after 1848, 425, 429; after World War II, 644-645, 656-657

Ingigard, 76

Ingvar. See Ihor/Ingvar

Initiative Group for the Reunification of the Greek (Eastern-rite) Catholic Church, 650

Inkerman, 34

Inochentie, leromonah (d. 1917), 349 Institute of Cybernetics, 656 Institute of Jewish Culture, 576 Institute of Marxism-Leninism, Ukrainian, 564; abolished, 566

Institute of People’s Education, 576 Institute of Polish Proletarian Culture, 577 Integral nationalism, 597

Intermediia, 288 ‘Internationalists,’ 497, 566

Iran, 28, 32

Ireland, 13, 56, 217 Irish, 352, 354

Iskorosten', 46

Iskra, Ivan (d. 1708), 245

Islam, 45, 69, 113

Israel, 343, 432, 633

Istanbul, 186, 206, 247, 275, 5io Istariia Rusov, 18-19, 21, 360-361 Istria, 388

Italian language, 350, 387

Italians, 112, 270, 327, 350, 354

Italy, 3,11,56-58,95,131,146,160,217,240, 274, 387, 597, 600; and World War I, 461­463, 482, 523; treaty with Soviet Ukraine, 532; interwar, 612-613; postwar, 644

Itil, 44, 46

ludenich, Nikolai, 500 lugo-zapadnyi krai. See Southwestern Land lur'iev (Orthodox eparchy), 76 lurii I (Romanovych, d. 1315), 122 lurii II (d. 1340), 123 lurii (‘Dolgorukii,’ 1090-1157), 78 lusupov family, 332 luzefovich, Mikhail (1802-1889), 371 luzivka/Donets'k, 350; becomes Stalino, 541; see also Donets’k

Ivan III, 208, 213

Ivan IV (‘the Dread’), 134, 209

Ivan Franko University, 619

Ivanenko, Petro. See Petryk

Ivano-Frankivs'k (city), seeStanyslaviv/

Ivano-Frankivs'k (city); (oblast), 656

Izba poselska, 140

Izborsk, 55

/zgoz, 85-87, 89

Iziaslavl (laroslavych, 1024-1078), 76-78

Izium Regiment, 265

Izydor (138OS-1463), 153, 163

Jablonowski, Aleksander, 16-17

Jablonowski family, 292

Jabotinsky, Vladimir (1880-1940), 506

Jadwiga, 132-133

Jagic, Vatroslav, 52

Jagiello. See Wladyslaw II Jagiello

Jagiellonian dynasty, 17, 133

Jamboyluk Nogay, 175

Jan III Sobieski (1624-1696), 227-228

Jan Kazimierz Wasa (1609-1672), 203-204, 219, 240

Jan6w,Jan (1888-1952), 588

Japan, 461, 501, 523, 568, 600, 612, 639

Japanese, 314

Japheth, 188, 257

Jaroslaw, 163, 196

Jassy. See laiji,/Jassy

Jazdzewski, Konrad, 38

Jedisan, 349

Jeremiah II, 158, 164

Jersey City, New Jersey, 426

Jerusalem, Kingdom of, 94; patriarch of, see

Patriarchate, of Jerusalem

Jesuit College, 240

Jesuit schools, 190

Jesuits, 19, 163, 166, 189, 204

Jewish Council for Russian War Relief,

431

Jewish Councils (Judenräte), 631

Jewish Social Studies, 506

Jewlaszewski, Ludwik Kazimierz, 224

Jews, 9, 45, 87, 119, 254; arrival of, 146-147;

in Bosporan Kingdom, 34; in Lithuania, 138-139, 147; in Poland, 141, 145; in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 156; in Zaporozhia, 179; in sixteenth-century Ukraine, 183; in revolution of 1648, 195, 199-200, 204, 249, 252; and Khmel'- nyts'kyi, 201-202; in Hetmanate, 279; in Right Bank, 292, 295; and Uman', 297, 299-300; in Dnieper Ukraine, 321, 327, 329, 331-332, 334, 337-338, 340-344; in revolutionary era, 477, 499, 504, 515; in interwar Soviet Ukraine and Crimea, 573-577, 579-580; in Galicia, 390, 423­424, 430, 434-435, 574; in eastern Gali­cia, 393-395; in L'viv, 424; in Bukovina, 452, 454; in northern Bukovina, 453; in interwar Bukovina, 600; in interwar Sub­carpathian Rus', 605; Soviet deportation of, 620; in Ukrainian stereotype, 619; Nazis and, 612, 629-633; deported to Transnistria, 632; in postwar Soviet Ukraine, 643; as emigres from Ukraine, 431-432; see also Holocaust; Pogroms Joachim, 158 Jogaila. See Wladyslaw II Jagiello Jordanes, 36, 39-40

Joseph II Habsburg (1741-1790), 389, 391­

392, 394, 397-398 Judaism, 45, 69, 340-341 Jungman, Josef, 357 Justinian I, 34, 96

Kabars, 57

Kachkovs’kyi Society, 443, 449, 593; women in, 590

Kadet party, 511; see also Russian Constitu­tional Democratic party

Kaganovich, Lazar (1893-1991), 538, 545, 547; replaced, 563

Kahal, 338, 504

Kahanovich, Pinkhes (Der Nister, 1884­

1950), 576

Kakhivka reservoir, 657

Kalinindorf, 576 Kaliningrad. See Konigsberg/Kaliningrad

Kalisz, Statute of, 146

Êà¿êà River, 106-107, 119

Kalman, Emerich, 388

Kalynovs'kyi, Hryhorii, 356

Kalyns'kyi, Tymofti (1740S-1809), 357 Kam"ianets'-Podil's'kyi (city), 109, 120, 501, 504, 517; Jesuit school in, 190; university in, 491; (Roman Catholic diocese), 335

Kam"ians'k, 28

Kaniv, 179, 181, 298-299; reservoir at, 657 Kapnist, Vasyl· (ca. 1756-1823), 314-315 Kapushchak, Ivan, 412

Karabelesh, Andrii (1906-1964), 607 Karadzic, Vuk, 357

Karaites, 112

Karakalpaks, 75, 89, 107

Karamzin, Nikolai M., 14-15, 52

Karazyn, Vasyl' (1773-1842), 358

Karelian region, 639

Karolyi, Mihaly, 518

Karpat, 455

Karpenko-Karyi, Ivan (Ivan Tobilevych, 1845-19O7),376

Kasogians, 44

Katerynodar/Krasnodar, 319

Katerynoslav (imperial province), 307-308, 312, 316, 323, 330, 345, 349; peasant land­holdings in, 325; in 1917, 479; in 1918, 486; in 1919, 508; (Orthodox eparchy), 375

Katerynoslav Cossack Army, 319 Katerynoslav/Dnipropetrovs'k (city), 271, 286, 345, 350, 478; population of, 324, 334, 541; seminary in, 286; pogrom in, 341; soviet in, 480; in 1918, 486; becomes Dnipropetrovs'k, 541; see also Dnipro- petrovs'k (city)

Katkov, Mikhail (1818-1887), 368

Katsnel'son, Abram (b. 1914), 576

Kaunas, 218

Kazakhstan, 619

Kazan', 215

Kazan' Khanate, 173, 208-209

Kazimierz IVJagiello (1427-1492), 133

Kedryn-Rudnyts'kyi, Ivan (1896-1995), 428, 592

Kefe, 173, 175; see also Caffa/Kefe

Kerch Peninsula, 30, 275

Kerch, Straits of, 28-29, 34, 45, 7¹, 112 Kerenskii, Aleksander (1881-1970), 469­470, 477

Kestutis (1297-1382), 130-131

KGB, 641

Kharkiv (city), 6, 211, 267, 343, 350, 358­359, 377-378, 380, 566, 657; seminary in, 286; hromada in, 367; soviet in, 480; in 1917, 481-482; in 1918, 486; destruction in, 638; population of, 324, 334, 540, 664; Jews in, 575-576; Galician emigres in, 593; (imperial province), 307-308, 312, 316, 323, 326, 329-ÇÇÎ, ÇÇ8, 341, 349, 372; peasant landholdings in, 325; in 1917, 478-479; in 1918, 486, 489;

(oblast), 551, 674; (region), 573; (Ortho­dox eparchy), 284, 375

Kharkiv regiment, 265

Kharkiv University, 358-359, 361, 376, 491, 542

Khazar Kaganate/Khazaria, 44-46, 48, 56­58,60-62,91, 146; attacked by Sviatoslav, 64

Khazars, 25, 27, 33, 41, 55-56, 69, 91, 94, 176; and Byzantines, 34-35, 44

Kherson (city), 27, 93, 271; (imperial prov­ince), 307-308, 312, 316, 323, ÇÇ2, 341, 345; peasant landholdings in, 325; in 1917, 479! in 1918, 486, 489; Romanians/ Moldavians in, 348

Khliborob, 380

Khlopomany, 365-366

Khmel'nyts'kyi, Bohdan, Order of, 646 Khmel'nyts'kyi, Bohdan Zinovii (ca. 1595­1657), 221, 224-225, 227-228, 230-231, 236, 238, 244, 251, 254, 271, 280, 295, 348, 357, 367, 475; in revolution of 1648, 192, 195-207; and agreement of Pereia- slav, 22, 212-216, 260; after 1654, 219­220; and Jews, 201-202, 292, 338, 340; death of, 218, 233, 242, 248, 267; Poles on, 17, 337; Prokopovych on, 288; Shevchenko on, 363; songs about, 257

Khmel'nyts'kyi, lurii (1641-1685), 225 Khmel'nyts'kyi, Mykhailo (d. 1620), 196 Khmel'nyts'kyi, Tyrnish (1632-1653), 205,

348

Khodkevych family, 161

Khodkevych, Hryhorii, 157

Kholm (city), seeChehn/Kholm; (imperial province), 486

Kholodnyi, Hryhorii (1886-1938), 565 Kholodnyi lar, 296

Kholopy. See Slaves

Khomyshyn, Hryhorii (1867-1948), 595 Khors, 69

Khortytsia Island, 271; Mennonites near, 344, 346; see also Little Khortytsia Island

Khotyn, 307; Battle of, 186

Khrapovitskii, Antonii (Aleksei, 1863­1936), 433,491

Khrushchev, Nikita S. (1894-1971), 570­571, 652-654, 658-661, 668

Khrystiuk, Pavlo (1890-19??), 472, 542; arrest of, 566

Khust, 518, 614-615

Khutir, 326

Khvyl'ovyi, Mykola (1893-1933), 545, 547; suicide of, 567

Kiev (city), 6, 669, 673; population of, 84, 252, 324; Jews and Jewish culture in, 87, 34L 43L 575-576, 631, 633; Poles and Polish culture in, 335, 337, 366, 507, 577; Czechs in, 350; Pilsudski and, 587; as ‘mother of Russian cities,’ 15; Russian displacement theory and, 257, 439; and Transcarpathia, 449

- in pre-Kievan times: 27, 40, 46-47; as Khazar outpost, 60

- in Kievan Rus’: 21, 61-62, 64, 69, 78, 87­88, 92, 98, 101, 103-104, 117, 121, 140; Varangians arrive in, 55-56, 71; under Volodymyr ‘the Great,’ 66, 72, 97, 115; under laroslav ‘the Wise,’ 73, 75-76, 102; under Volodymyr Monomakh, 79; decline of, 80, 113; plunder of, 82; changes hands, 107; Christian mission in, 95; captured by Andrei Bogoliubskii, 80; sacked, 118; Danylo in, 119; after Mongol invasion, 23, 109

- in Lithuanian-Polish period: 17, 129, 179-180, 188, 196, 252; Sahaidachnyi moves to, 187; Jesuit school in, 190

- at time of Cossack state: 200, 203, 222, 233, 240, 257; captured by Radziwill, 205; placed under Muscovy, 225, 227-228, 398; voevoda and garrison in, 237, 241

- in eighteenth century: 269, 280, 287, 297, 307; Magdeburg Law and, 308-309

- in nineteenth century: 314,327,359, 361, 369, 371; hromada in, 367, 370-371, 377; sugar refinery in, 338; Beilis trial in, 341, 343; Shevchenko in, 363

- in 1905: 379-380, 450

- in revolutionary era: in 1917, 471, 475, 489; first capture by Red Army, 482, 486, 495; taken by Ukrainian National Repub­lic and German Army, 486, 495; in 1918, 490, 492; taken by Directory, 493, 495; second capture by Red Army, 498; taken by Denikin, 501; taken by Poles and Pet­liura, 503; third capture by Red Army, 503. 549

- in Soviet Ukraine: Ukrainians in, 540; in 1920s, 542; church council in, 545; cap­ture by Red Army (1943), 637; demoli­tion of, 638; in 1960s and 1970s, 655-656, 658, 661, 670; reservoir at, 657; growth of, 664; Rukh in, 672

Kiev (principality),67, 77-79,103, 106-107, 112, 114, 130, 149, 170; (palatinate), 136­137, 145- 155,171-172,176, 183, 200, 204­205, 216-217, 221-224, 228-229, 231­233, 236, 240, 244, 290; (imperial prov­ince), 276, 302, 307-308, 310, 312, 316, 326, 329, 334, 361, 365, 372; peasant land­holdings in, 325-326; in 1917,477,479; in 1918, 486, 489; (oblast), 551; (region), 8, 41, 46, 170, 227, 329, 349-350, 633; (Orthodox eparchy), 72, 189, 274, 284, 375; (Roman Catholic diocese), 335

Kiev Brotherhood, 188

Kiev group, 478; ‘Kievans,’ 481; Kiev fac­tion, 486; see also ‘Independentists,’ Ukrainian Social-Democractic

Kiev Soviet, 471, 479-481

Kiev University, 491, 542; see also University of St Vladimir

Kievan Academy, 223, 258-259, 285, 287­288

Kievan Collegium, 256, 258-259, 285, 288

Kievan Rus', 51-124, 160, 188, 207-208,

289, 301-302, 322, 359-361; fall of, 216; views on, 437-439, 448, 647

‘Kievan Russia’ (term), 15, 23, 68, 439

Kievlianin (journal), 360

Kievlianin (newspaper), 334, 368, 381, 507

Kievskaia starina, 376-377

Kievskii telegraf, 370, 372

Kii, 46, 55

Kipchak Khanate, 109

Kipchaks. See Polovtsians

Kirimer, Cafer Seidahmet (1889-195?),

510

Kirovohrad, 269, 271; see also lelysavethrad/Kirovohrad/Zinovivs' k

Kishinev. See Chi§inati/Kishinev

Kistiakowsky, George (1900-1982), 432 Kitsman, 454

Klempush, Dmytro (d. 1973), 614

Klen, lurii. See Burghardt, Oswald

Kliazma River, 60

Kliuchevskii, Vasilii, 15-16, 21, 52, 91; on

Mazepa, 238

Kniazi, 138

Knoll, Roman, 508

Knyhy bytiia ukrains'koho narodu, 364

Kobiak, 104

Kobryn, Vasyl' (b. 1938), 663

Kobryns'ka, Nataliia (1851-1920), 590-591

Kobylytsia, Lukiian (1812-1851), 403, 414 Kobzar, 362

Koch, Erich (1896-1986), 630, 633

Kochanowski, Jan, 149

Kochubei family, 251

Kochubei, Vasyl' (ca. 1640-1708), 245

Kochubei, Viktor (1768-1834), 317

Kodak, 192, 199, 203, 215, 237

Koestler, Arthur, 45

Kokhanovs'kyi, Panteleimon, 257

Kolchak, Aleksander, 500

Kolehtivistis, 581

Koliwshchyna rebellion, 296-297, 299-300

Kollar, Jan, 401

Kollontai, Aleksandra (1872-1952), 591

Kolo Lwowian. See L'viv Circle

Kolodianyn, 109

Kolomna, 107

Kolomyia, 424, 443-444; Jews in, 394

Komi ASSR, 630

Komitaty, 418

Komputy, 251

Komsomol (Communist Youth League), 538, 557, 56o

Komzet, 575

Konchak, Khan, 82, 103

Koniecpolski, Aleksander (1620-1659), 197

Koniecpolski, Stanislaw (ca. 1590-1646), 186

Konigsberg/Kaliningrad, 161, 282

Konotop, 225, 227

Konovalets', levhen (1891-1938), 428, 482,

493, 587, 596-597; assassination of, 621

Konys'kyi, lurii (1718-1795), 285, 288

Konys'kyi, Oleksander (1836-1900), 376­377, 440-441, 443, 450

Kopitar, Jemej, 401

Kopyns'kyi, Isaia (d. 1640), 189, 191, 211

Kopystens'kyi, Mikhail (d. 1610), 166, 169

Kopystens’kyi, Zakhariia (d. 1627), 187

Korenizatsiia. See Indigenization

Korets'kyi family, 190

Korkunov, Nikolai, 216

Kornilov, Lavr, 479

Korolenko, Vladimir (1853-1921), 334

Korosten', 46

Korotych, Vitalii (b. 1936), 654

Korsun' (town), 220, 299; batde at, 199,

212; battle around, 637; (district), 192

Kosice, 132; agreement at, 141; Statutes of, 132

Kosior, Stanyslav (Stanislaw Kossior, 1889­1939), 563, 566

Kosiv, Syl'vestr (d. 1657), 203, 213, 255

Kosonogov, losef (1866-1922), 334

Kossior, Stanislaw. See Kosior, Stanyslav

Kossuth, Lajos, 408

Kostel'nyk, Havriil (1886-1948), 650

Kostenko, Lina (b. 1930), 654, 663

Kostomarov, Mykola (1817-1885), 19-20,

52, 358, 361, 363-364, 366-368, 416, 672; on Cossacks, 170; on Mazepa, 239

Kostoprav, Georgii (1903-1944?), 581

Kostrzewski, Jozef, 38

Kosygin, Aleksei (1904-1980), 659, 662

Kosynka, Hryhorii (1899-1934), 655

Kosyns'kyi, Khryshtof (d. 1593), 182

Kotlearciuc, Nectari (d. 1935), 601

Kotliarevs’kyi, Ivan (1769-1838), 358, 362

Kotsiubyns'kyi,Mykhailo (1864-1918),376, 441, 656

Kotsylovs'kyi, losafat (1876-1947), 595

Kovalevs'kyi, Mykola (1885-1944), 472

Kovpak, Sydir (1887-1967), 635

Kozelets’, 252, 287

Kozlowski, Leon, 38

KPZU. See Communist party of Western Ukraine

Kraiovyi Soiuz Reviziinyi. See Provincial Audit Union

Krakaliia, Kost' (1884-19??), 602

Kralyts'kyi, Anatolii (1835-1894), 455

Krasnodar. See Katerynodar/Krasnodar

Krasny, Pinkhes, 504

Krasnystaw brotherhood, 159

Kravchuk, Leonid (b. 1934), 672-674

Kravtsiv, Bohdan (1904-1975), 597 Krawchenko, Bohdan (b. 1946), 324, 665 Krechetnikov, Mikhail (1729-1792), 316­

317

Kreise, 417

Kremenchuk, 237, 270, 327, 638; reservoir at, 42, 657

Kremenets'/Krzemieniec, 335; Orthodox seminary at, 596; Polish lycee at, 359

Kremlin, 667

Kremsier parliament, 412, 417

Kresy, 17, 434, 585, 587

Krewo/Krevo, Union of, 132-133, 141

Krivichians, 55, 61, 92

Krokovs'kyi, loasaf (d. 1718), 258, 284

Kromefiz/Kremsier, 412

Kropyvnyts'kyi, Marko (1840-1910), 376

Krupnyts'kyi, Borys (1894-1956), 239

Krushel'nyts'kyi, Antin (1878-1935), 593 Kruze, 34

Krym, Solomon S., 511

Kryms'kyi, Ahatanhel (1871-1941), 100, 542

Kryp"iakevych, Ivan (1886-1967), 619

Kryvonis, Maksym (d. 1648), 200, 202

Kryvyi Rih, 481, 553

Kryzhanivs'kyi family, 252, 279

Krzemieniec. See Kremenets'/Krzemieniec

Kuban Cossack Army, 319

Kuban Nogay, 175

Kuban Region, 8, 28, 106-107, 320, 325, 330, 557, 56o, 563

Kuban River, 10, 44

Kubiiovych, Volodymyr (1900-1985), 428, 620, 627

Kuchuk Kainardzha, Treaty of, 270, 275

Kukil', Lavrentii, 187

Kulaks, 326, 549-550, 557-559! Polish, 578;

German, 578; liquidation of, 577; see also Dekulakization

Kul'chyts'kyi, Stanislav, 559

Kulish, Panteleimon (1819-1897), 19, 52,

361, 363-364, 366-368, 373, 375, 416,

440, 450, 672; on Cossacks, 170; on

Mazepa, 239

Kulishivka, 372

Kumeiky, Battle of, 186, 192

Kun, Bela, 519

Kunik, Ernst, 52

Kuntsevych, losafat (ca. 1580-1623), 190

Kupalo, 47

Kupchanko, Hryhorii (1849-1902), 454

Kurbas, Les' (1887-1937), 544

Kursk, 497-499

Kurtsevych-Koriiatovych, losyf (lezykiil, d.

1642), 187

Kurultai, 510

Kurylo, Olena (1890-1937?), 565, 576 Kurylovych, Volodymyr (1867-19??), 466 Kutrigurs, 27, 33-34

Kutuzov, Mikhail, 646

Kuyaba, 53

Kuznetsovs'k, 657

Kvasov, Andrii, 287

Kviring, Emmanuil (1888-1937), 497· 537· 538

Kvitka-Osnovianenko, Hryhorii (1778­1843)· 358, 362

Kvitko, Leib (1890-1952), 576 Kyrychenko, Oleksii (1908-1975), 653 Kyrylytsia (Church Slavonic) script, 402, 413· 439

Kysil', Adam (1580-1653), 204 Kysilevs'ka, Olena (1869-1956), 591

Ladoga, Lake, 53, 58, 60, 622

Lam, Jan (1838-1886), 429

Lands of the Army of Zaporozhia. See

Zaporozhian Cossacks, Host Landsmanschaften, 431 Landtag. See Diet (Landtag/sejm/soim) Language, 8; in Kievan Rus', 100-102; as symbol of identity among Austria-Hun­gary’s East Slavs, 439-441; Central Rada and, 504; see also Armenian; Church Slavonic; Crimean Tatar; Czech;

French; German; Greek; Hebrew; Hun­garian; Italian; Latin; Low German; Mag­yar; Old Bulgarian; Old Church Slavonic; Old Macedonian; Old Slavonic; Polish; Romanian; Romany (Gypsy); Ruskyi/russkyi·, Russian; Ruthe- nian; Serbian; Serbo-Croatian; Slaveno- Rusyn; Slovak; Slovenian; Turkish; Ukrainian; Yiddish

Lapchyns'kyi, lurii (1887-1938), 532 Larindorf, 576

Lashchenko, Rostyslav (1878-1929), 216 Latifundium. See Manorial estate

Latin, 101-102, 285, 288, 358, 399, 403-404 Latsky-Bertholdi, Wolf, 504

Latvia, 58, 209, 263, 639

Latvian SSR, 617

Latynnyky, 390

Lay of Ihor’s Campaign (Slave î polku Ihorevi), 82, 103-104, 121, 151

Lazarevs'kyi, Oleksander (1834-1902), 239 League of Nations, 525, 532, 611

Lebedyn, 245

Lebensraum, 612, 629-630

Lebid', Dmytro (1893-1937), 537-538 Lecapanus, Romanus, 45

Left Bank, 145, 147, 201-202, 225, 227-228, 231, 233, 236-237, 240, 242, 245, 252­253, 257, 263, 265, 267, 269, 279· 282, 293, Ç02, 317-318, 321, 323, 332, 334, 355, 366-367,624, 637; governor-general for, 308, 312; Jews in, 337-338; in 1917, 482; in 1919, 501

Legions of Ukrainian Nationalists, 626 Lehar, Franz, 388

Lehr-Splawinski, Tadeusz, 38, 100 Leibowitz, Jacob. See Frank, Jacob Leipzig, 403

Leitha River, 388

Lemberg. SeeL'viv/Lw6w/Lemberg

Lemko Apostolic Administration, 595, 620 Lemko dialect, 595

Lemko region, 10, 444, 449, 583, 593, 595; in Generalgouvernement, 617, 620

Lemkos, 595; deportation of, 642, 649 Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich (Vladimir Ulianov, 1870-1924), 22, 344, 379, 431, 478-479, 482, 497-498, 500, 517, 531-535, 550- 55L 564, 568-569, 571, 59L 654, 666; and nationalism, 536, 572, 574, 659; and Ukrainian language, 537; and NEP, 549

Leningrad, 622

Leopold II Habsburg (1747-1792), 392, 399

Leskov, Nikolai (1831-1895), 334

Lesky, 47

Leszczynski, Stanislaw. See Stanislaw I Leszczynski

Lev I (Danylovych, ca. 1228-ca. 1301), 120 Lev II (luriiovych, d. ca. 1323), 122

Levedia, 57

Levkon I, 30

Levyts'kyi, Dmytro (1877-1942), 592 Levyts'kyi, losyf (1801-1860), 400 Levyts'kyi, Kost' (1859-1941), 463, 466,

515; in interwar Poland, 592; during World War II, 626-627

Levyts'kyi, Mykhailo (1774-1858), 400, 403 Levyts'kyi, Parfenii (1858-1922), 380 Lewin, Ezekiel (d. 1941), 631

Lewis, Bernard, 14

Lex Grabski, 594 Liatoshyns'kyi, Borys (1895-1938), 544 Liberal party, 599, 602

Liberum veto, 143

Likhachev, Dmitrii, 16

Likpunkty, 543 Lipovany, 453 Listok, 455

Liszt, Franz, 240

Literature: in Kievan Rus', 151; in Lithua­nian-Polish period, 151; in 1700s, 288­289; in Dnieper Ukraine, 376-377; in interwar Soviet Ukraine, 544-545; in interwar Subcarpathian Rus', 607; in 1960s, 654-655; history of, 655

Literatumo-naukovyi vistnyk, 440, 597 Lithuania: in Russian Empire, 338-339, 375; interwar, 587, 639; declares inde­pendence, 668; Polish view of, 17; (grand duchy), 23, 114-115, 118-120, 124, 149, 152-153,166, 170,173,205,208-209, 219, 221-224, 233; rise of, 100, 123, I27ff.; claims territory of former Kievan Rus', 129; administrative structure of, 139-141; unites with Poland, 136-137; serfdom in, 143; Jews in, 146-147, Reformation in, 161; Jesuits in, 163; loses Ukrainian- inhabited regions to Poland, 172

Lithuania, Rus', and Samogitia, Grand Duchy of. See Lithuania (grand duchy)

Lithuanian SSR, 617

Lithuanian Statute: First, 140; Second, 141; Third, 143

Lithuanian tribes, 130

Lithuanians, 66-67,127, !29,131,136,138, 140-141, 152, 173, 232, 587; in interwar Poland, 587

Litopys Samovydtsia. See Samovydets’ Chronicle

Litde Entente, 605

Little Khortytsia Island, 179, 181; see also

Khortytsia Island

Little Rada, 472, 477, 504, 507-508

Little Rus' (term), 213; used by Byzantine Greeks (Mikra Rosiid), 68, 213; tsar’s title and, 218-219; (Orthodox eparchy), 122, 152

Little Russia: term in Muscovy and Russian Empire, 68, 216, 231, 284, 334, 368, 382, 405, 433, 456, 507; Central Ministry for, 237; Governor-General (s) of, 308, 310, 312, 316; Russian historians and, 15, 439; histories of, 18, 356, 360; Uvarov pro­motes study of, 359

Little Russian Collegium, 272-273; ‘Sec­ond,’ 273; restored, 275

Little Russianism, 368, 675

Little Russians, 195, 355, 359, 364, 369, 400, 438, 440, 663; in revolutionary era, 489­490, 507; diaspora from Ukraine, 432­433

Liubachivs'kyi, Myroslav (b. 1914), 671 Liubavskii, Matvei K., 21

Liubchenko, Panas (1897-1937), 568-569 Liubech, 77-78, 117

Liudi, 139

Living Church. See Ukrainian Orthodox

(Synodal) church, 546

Livonia, 129, 209, 212

Livonian Order, 129, 209, 229

Lloyd George, David, 523

Loboda, Hryhorii (Ioan Grigore Loboda), 182, 348

Lodii, Petro (1764-1829), 404

Lodomeria, 117, 301, 385, 420 Loewe, Johann Karl, 240

Lombardy, 388, 407

Lomonosov, Mikhail, 53

London, 6, 84, 434, 525

Lorraine, 462, 611

Lotots'kyi, Oleksander (1870-1939), 491 Louis I Anjou (‘the Great’), 131-132 Louis XIV Bourbon, 525

Lovat River, 60

Low German language, 346

Lower Austria, 388, 392, 407

Lozyns'kyi, losyf (1807-1880), 400, 403 Lozyns'kyi, Mykhailo (1895-1933), 542, 593 Lublin (city), 136, 148; brotherhood in,

159; (imperial province), 307; (school district), 588

Lublin, Union of, 136-137, 140-142, 147,

149, 157, 169> 181, 209, 221

Lubni, 155, 380; Battle of, 186; Agreement of, 267

Lubomirski family, 292 Luchkai, Mykhailo I. (1789-1843), 405 Luchshie liudi, 86

Luck/Luts'k (palatinate), 584; (city), see

Luts'ê

Luckyj, George (b. 1919), 362 Luhans'k/Voroshylovhrad; population of,

540; becomes Voroshylovhrad, 541; see also Voroshylovhrad/Luhans'k Lukasevych, Antin, 602 Lukoms'kyi, Stepan (1701-ca. 1779), 289 Lunt, Horace, 100

Lupu, Vasile (ca, 1593-1661), 205 Lusatian culture, 38

Luther, Martin, 161-162 Lutheranism/Lutherans, 161, 222; Evan­

gelical, 345, 395

Luts'k (city), 120, 155, 165, 361; Jesuit

school in, 190; (palatinate), see Luck/

Luts'k; (Orthodox eparchy), 122, 222;

188-189, 255; becomes Uniate, 284, 294;

(Uniate eparchy), 284; abolished, 374 Luts'k-Ostroh (Orthodox eparchy), 153 Luts'k-Zhytomyr (Roman Catholic dio­

cese), 335

Luxembourg, 354

L'viv Circle (Kolo Lwowian), 434 L'viv/Lwdw/Lemberg (city), 6, 287, 388,

395, 657; in Kievan period, 120; founda­tion of, 121; Magdeburg Law in, 123; in Lithuanian-Polish period, 155-157, 164, 169, 188; Jesuit school in, 190; at time of Cossack state, 202-203, 256; captured by Mazepa, 244; Russian garrison in, 301;

Assembly of Estates in, 390; Greek Catho­lic seminary in, 402; at time of national awakening before 1848, 398-400; in 1848, 410, 414-415; in 1848-1914, 413, 418, 425, 439-440, 442, 444-445, 449, 451, 59°; Poles in, 424, 429; Poles from, 434; during World War I, 464, 513; occuped by tsarist armies, 464-465; Ukrainian National Council in, 513, 517; controlled by Poles, 514-515; in interwar Poland, 587-588, 595, 597; during World War II, 620, 627, 631, 637; massacre at, 672; Greek Catholic ‘synod’ in, 650; Jews in, 393-394, 424; Armenians in, 396; (dis­trict), 485; (school district), 588;

(oblast), 656; (Orthodox eparchy), 189, 222; becomes Uniate, 284, 294; (Greek Catholic eparchy), 398, 444, 595; (Roman Catholic diocese), 403

L'viv Stauropegial Brotherhood, 158-159, 164, 187; becomes Uniate, 294

L'viv University, 380, 399, 404, 414, 443­444, 446, 448, 450, 471, 588; renamed, 619

L'vov, Georgii, 469 ‘Lvov Land,’ 146

Lwow (city). See L'viv/Lwow/Lemberg Lwow/L’viv (province, palatinate), 584, 589 Lypkivs'kyi, Vasyl' (1864-1938), 546 Lypkivtsi, 546

Lyps'kyi, Volodymyr (1863-1937), 542 Lypyns'kyi, Viacheslav (1882-1931), 21, 428; on Cossacks, 170; on agreement of Pereiaslav, 216; on Mazepa, 239

Lysan, lurii (1874-1946), 602 Lysenko, Mykola (1842-1912), 376

Mace, James (b. 1952), 559 Macedonia, 101, 188, 462 Machine and Tractor Stations (MTS), 555­

556

Magdeburg Law, 123, 139, 156, 252, 279, 308-309

Magnates: in Poland, 142-143, 145, 210; in Lithuania, 161; in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 147, 162, 192, 197; in sixteenth-century Ukraine, 183; Rus', 147, 149, 157, 164, 169, 181, 185, 211

Magyar language, 387, 604, 607

Magyar National party, 604 Magyarization, 608

Magyarones, 455

Magyars, 44-45. 57. 60, 62, 4H. 417. 455­456; in interwar Subcarpathian Rus', 604-605; as minorities in interwar Europe, 611; in postwar Soviet Ukraine, 643

Mahilioii (city), Roman Catholic archdio­cese in, 335; (imperial province), see Mogilev; (Orthodox eparchy), 189, 255

Majdanek, 631

Makhno, Nestor (1884-1934), 428, 499, 502, 550; pogroms and, 507-509

Maksym the Greek (d. 1305), 122

Maksymovych, 569

Maksymovych, Mykhailo (1804-1873), 19, 356, 358-360, 401

Makukh, Ivan (1872-1946), 593

Mala Rada. See Little Rada

Malczewski, Antoni (1793-1828), 366 Malenkov, Georgii (1902-1988), 652

Malevich, Kazimir (1878-1935), 334

Malopolska Wschodnia, 584

Malorossiiskii prikaz. See Central Ministry for Litde Russia

Malynovs'kyi, Oleksander (1889-1957), 620

Malyshko, Andrii (b. 1912), 654 Manchuria, 106, 313

Maniak, Volodymyr (1934-1992), 559

Manitoba, 3

Mankeev, Aleksei I., 13

Manorial estate (latifundium), 144-145, 252-253. 293

Manuil's'kyi, Dmytro (1883-1959), 492, 498

Maramaros (county), 599

Maramure? (district), 10; (region), 599 Marazli family, 350

Marchlewski district, 577

Maria Theresa Habsburg (1717-1780), 389, 391-392, 398, 404

Mariins'kyi Palace, 287

Mariiupol', 9, 275, 349-350, 581 Markevych, Mykola (1804-1860), 18, 357,

361

Markov, Dmytro (1864-1938), 466 Markov, Osyp A. (1849-1909), 441 Markovych family, 252, 279

Markovych, lakiv (1776-1804), 357 Markovych, Roman, 357

Markus, Vasyl (b. 1922), 641 Markush, Aleksander (1891-1971), 607 Marmora, Sea of, 96

Martel, Charles. See Charles Martel

Martin I, Pope, 70

Marusia, Duma about, 176 Marx, Karl, 378, 534, 545, 571 Marxism-Leninism, 534-537 Masaryk, Tomas G. (1850-1937), 519, 603 Maslosoiuz. Sec Provincial Dairy Union Masochism, 395

Masonic movement, 314

Matrega, 112

Matrona/Helena, 197, 199-200

Mayer, Kajetan, 412

Mazepa family, 251

Mazepa, Ivan (1639-1709), 231, 260, 263, 271-272, 280, 285-286, 290, 475, 489; rise of, 240-241; as hetman in early phase, 241-243; during Great Northern War, 243-247; Zaporozhia allies with, 267; uni­versal·} of, 281; after Poltava, 247-248; as member of gentry, 249; and Orthodox church, 258, 283; and Peter I’s decree on trade, 282; image of, 238-240

Mazepa, Maryna (ca. 1624-1707), 240 Mazepa, Stepan-Adam (d. 1665), 240 Mazovia, 127

Mazovians, 75, 437

Mediterranean Sea, 5, 25, 57, 60, 96, 112, 462

Megale Rosiia, 68, 152

Megara, 30

Megye, 418

Mehdi, Abdurresit (d. 1912), 348

Mehmet II, 173

Mel'nyk, Andrii (1890-1964), 428, 493,

621, 627

Melnykites/Melnykite faction/OUN-M,

621, 625-627, 629, 633-634; see also Orga­nization of Ukrainian Nationalists

Mendele Mokher Seforim (Shalom

Abramowitsch, 1835-1917), 344

Mengli Giray I (d. 1514), 173, 175 Mennonites, 271, 344-346; in revolution,

508-510; emigration of, 578

Mensheviks, 477-478, 534

Menshikov, Aleksandr (1673-1729), 245,

273, 332

Mercantilism, 281, 392

Merderer-Meretini, Bernard, 287

Merians, 61

Meshketian Turks, 668

Meta, 440

Methodius, St, 45, 62, 71

Metlyns'kyi, Amvrosii (1814-1870), 358

Metropolitanate of Bukovina and Khotyn

(Romanian Orthodox), 601

Metropolitanate ofChernivtsi (Orthodox),

601

Metropolitanate of Doros, 70-71 Metropolitanate of Halych (Greek Catho­

lic), 595; (Orthodox), 68

Metropolitanate of Halych and Rus' (Greek Catholic), 68; restored, 398, 404

Metropolitanate of Kiev (Orthodox), 188­189, 204, 211, 213; under patriarch in Moscow, 255-256, 258, 283, 285, 293,374;

(Uniate), 256, 283; abolished, 284

Metropolitanate of Kiev and All Rus' (Orthodox), 67-68, 76, 121-122, 130, 151-152; restored, 274, 284

Metropolitanate of Kiev and Galicia (Uni­ate), 284; abolished, 374; restored, 398

Metropolitanate of Kiev and Halych

(Orthodox), 491

Metropolitanate of Kiev, Galicia, and All

Rus' (Lithuanian), 153

Metropolitanate of Russia (Uniate), 375 Metropolitanate of Warsaw (Orthodox),

596

Metternich, Clemens von (1773-1859), 402, 407

Mhar monastery, 155

Mickiewicz, Mieczyslaw (1897-19??), 508 Middle Ages, 387

Middle East, 44, 57-58, 91, 94, 106, 461 Miiakovs'kyi, Volodymyr (1888-1972), 565 Mikhail Romanov, 210

Mikhnovs'kyi, Mykola (1873-1924), 378­

379, 381, 446

Miklosic, Franz, 52

Mikrn Rosiia, 68, 152

Milan, 388

Miletus, 28, 30

Miliukov, Pavel N., 52, 381

Milli Farka. See Crimean Tatar National party

Milstein, Nathan (1904-1992), 431 Mindaugas, 127, 129-130 Minheimer, A., 240

Ministry for Polish Affairs, 508

Ministry of Galician Affairs, 422

Ministry of Jewish Affairs, 504 Minsk (imperial province), 335, 486;

(Orthodox eparchy), 153

Mitnaggedim, 395

Mogilev (imperial province) 335; (city), see

Mahilioii; (Orthodox eparchy), see Mahilioii

Mohammed, 176

Mohyla Collegium, 212, 240

Mohyla, Petro (Petru Movilä, 1597-1647),

189-191, 211, 255, 258, 285, 348 Mohyl'nyts'kyi, Ivan (1777-1831), 400 Mokiievs'ka, Maryna. See Mazepa, Maryna Mokosh, 69

Moldavia, 39, 134, 155, 165, 173, 182, 185­

186,189,196, 203, 205, 219, 247, 263, 270,

301, 348-349, 385, 435, 599; united with Romania, 599-600

Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, 572; becomes Moldavian SSR, 617, 639

Moldavian SSR, 643

Moldavians, 179, 331, 348; in Soviet

Ukraine, 573, 643

Moldova, 9, 42; Ukrainians in, 10 Moldovans, 9

Molochna River, 345-346

Molodshie liudi, 87 Molotov, Viacheslav ( 1890-1986), 652 Monastery Church of St Michael of the

Golden Domes, 258

Monastery of the Caves, 98, 103, 155, 187, 189, 191, 256, 258

Moncastro, 112, 173

Monchalovs'kyi, Osyp (1858-1906), 441, 443

Mongol invasions, 15, 17, 23, 65, 82, 105, 121, 146, 148, 160, 207, 265

‘Mongol yoke,’ 347 Mongolia, 105-106, 119 Mongols, 79, 346; and Kievan Rus', 105­113. 119

Montenegro, 462

Morachevs'kyi, Pylyp (1806-1879), 369, 375 Moravia, 39, 71, 107, 146, 161, 387, 392, 412 Moravian Empire, Great, 95 Moravia-Silesia, 605, 613 Morawski, Tadeusz, 295

Mordovets', Danylo (Daniil Mordovtsev), 295

Mordvinians, 44

Moroz, Valentyn (b. 1936), 428, 661-662 Moscow, 13-14, 23, 78, 103, 107, 113, 129, 158, 211-213, 237, 240, 245, 256-257, 259, 265-266, 283, 327, 360, 403, 439, 471, 478, 492, 497, 500, 511; occupied by Poles, 209; as center of Soviet Union, 537-538, 545, 551, 553, 56o, 566, 641; as seat of Soviet government, 526, 528-530, 532, 539, 548, 555-556, 558, 570, 579­580, 582, 593; turn ‘away from,’ 545; show trials in, 568; during World War II, 617, 622, 624, 635; after 1945, 654, 657, 662, 667-670; putsch in, 673; as seat of Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus', 68, 122, 152-153, 163, 208

Moscow University, 359

Moses, 203

Moskovskie vedomosti, 368

Mosokh, 257

Motronyn Monastery, 296 Movement from Balta, 349 Movilä, Petru. See Mohyla, Petro Mstsislaii (Orthodox eparchy), 222 Mstyslav (Volodymyrovych, d. ca. 1035), 73,

75

Mstyslav I (Volodymyrovych, 1076-1132), 80

Mstyslav family, 117 MTS. See Machine and Tractor Stations Mudryi, Vasyl' (1893-1966), 592 Mukachevo (town), in 1919, 518; in Czech­oslovakia, 604; in Hungary, 614 ; in Soviet Ukraine, 641; (Orthodox eparchy), 71; (Greek Catholic eparchy), 404, 455, 651

Mukha, Petro, 134

Müller, Gerhard F., 52 Munich, 428, 433 Munich Pact, 613, 616 Munnich, Burkhard C., 272 Muscovites, 187, 211, 245, 360, 440 Muscovy (duchy), 112, 123, 134, 152-153, 155, 173, 175-176; rise of, 207-208; claims territory of former Kievan Rus', 14, 19,67-68, 129, 208; (tsardom), 136­137,157-158, 164-165,172,182,185-186, 188-189, 192, 210, 229, 347, 374, 439; at time of Cossack state, 195, 203-206, 212, 220-221, 233, 235, 237-238, 241-242, 244, 248-249, 253-255, 257, 259, 267, 281, 290, 292-294; extends into Ukrain­ian lands, 217; acquires Kiev, 227-228; gains access to Sea of Azov and Black Sea, 243; loses it, 247; acquires Sloboda Ukraine, 265, 332; after 1711, 285, 289; becomes Russian Empire, 263; emigra­tion of Ukrainians to, 426; patriarch of, 213, and see Patriarchate, of Moscow

Music, 286, 544

Muslim Executive Committee, 510

Muslims, 344

Mussolini, Benito, 597, 612-613

Muzhi narochitie, 86

Mykhailivka treasure, 27

Mykhailo (Mykhail Vsevolodovych, 1179­1246), 110

Mykhal'chuk, Kostiantyn (1840-1914), 366-367

Myklashevs'kyi family, 251

Mykolaiv, 271, 286, 657; population of, 324, 334; soviet in, 480

Mytrak, Aleksander (1839-1913), 455

Nachman, Rabbi of Bratslav (1772-1810),

299

Nachtigall, 626

Nagorno-Karabakh, 668

Nalyvaiko, 182

Namestnichestva, 305

Napoleon I Bonaparte, 314, 351, 386-387

Napoleonic era, 648

Napoleonic Wars, 313, 344,402

Narev River, 616

Narodna Rada. See National Council Narodnaia Volia. See People’s Will Narodnyi Sekretariat, 481

Narodnyi Soviet. See National Council

Narodovtsi. See Populists in Galicia

Narva, Battle of, 243

National Christian Socialist party, 604

National Commissariat of Education, Pol­ish bureau in, 577

National Conference of Ukrainian Jewish Organizations, 431

National Congress of People’s Commit­tees, 641

National Council (Narodna Rada), 446;

(Narodnyi Soviet), 446; (Obshchestvo

Narodnaia Rada), 454

National Democratic party, 446

National Democrats, 463, 508

National Home, 414, 441-443, 593

National minorities. See Armenians; Bela-

rusans; Bulgarians; Crimean Tatars;

Czechs; Gagauz; Germans; Greeks; Hun­garians; Jews; Magyars; Moldavians; Moldovans; Poles; Roma; Romanians; Russians; Serbs; Slovaks; Turks

National Peasant party, 602

National Socialist German Workers’ party, 612

National State Archives, 491

National State Library, 491

National Trade Association (Narodna

Torhivlia), 442

Nationality districts, 572-573 National-personal autonomy, law on, 504 Native School Society (Ridna Shkola), 594 Natsional'ni raiony. See Nationality districts Nauka, 443

Naukovyi zbornyk, 607

Naumovych, Ivan (1862-1891), 440-441, 443; emigrates to Russia, 449

Navahrudak (city), Uniate metropolitan of

Kiev in, 189; (Lithuanian metropolitan­ate), 152-153,164; (Orthodox eparchy), 153

Nazis, 616, 629, 633

Nazism, 621

Neapolis, 28, 30, 32

Near East, 146, 314, 620

Nechai, Danylo (d. 1651), 200

Nechui-Levyts'kyi, Ivan (1838-1918), 375­376, 441

Nedilia, 455

Neisse River, 639

Nekrasov, Mikhail (1911-1987), 334

Neman River, 66, 127,138, 327

Nemyrych family, 251

Nemyrych, lurii (1612-1659), 220-221 Neo-absolutism, 417

Neoclassicism, 286

Neolithic, 26

NEP. See New Economic Policy

Nestor (‘the Chronicler,’ ca. 1056-1114),

52, 103

Netherlands, 346

Neue Freie Presse, 485

Neufeld, Dietrich, 509

Neva River, 243

Nevskii, Aleksander. See Aleksander Nevskii

New Economic Policy (NEP), 431, 547, 549, 554-556, 571, 575-576; end of, 550, 577; in Crimea, 580

New Era, 446, 450

New Jersey, 426, 671

New Mexico, 3

New Odessa, 343

New Russia (imperial province), 270-271, 280, 286, 307, 316, 332, 344, 346; Gover­nor-General of, 312, 350

New Sarai, 110, 112

New Serbia, 269, 280

New York City, 426, 428, 431, 433, 654

Nicholas I Romanov (1796-1855), 312-313, 322, 359, 364-366, 375, 408, 649

Nicholas II Romanov (1863-1918), 312, 380-381, 469; in L'viv, 465

Niederle, Lubor, 38

Nightingale, Florence, 314

Nikodim, 489

Nikon, Patriarch (1605-1681), 212

Nikopol', 28

Nistor, Ion (1876-1962), 601-602

Nistru River. See Dniester River

Nizhnii zemskii sud, 307, 309

Nizhyn, 237, 241, 252, 279-280, 404

NKVD, 535, 560, 648

Noah, 55, 257

Nobility: Ukrainian, 213; Polish, 132-133, 136, 139; see also Dvorianstw, Gentry; Magnates; Szlachta

Nogay Tatars, 175-176, 347; see also

Tatars

Nolde, Boris E., 215

‘Normalization,’ 598

Norman Kingdom of Two Sicilies, 58 Normandy, 58

Normanist position, 52-54

Norsemen. See Varangians

North America, 16, 21, 426-428, 432-433, 591, 614, 633, 673

North Sea, 54, 60

Northern Europe, 46, 60, 63, 91, 94, 129,

219, 245

Norway, 56, 76, 354

Nova Sich, 269

Novgorod (town, city), 14, 60,66, 73, 75,84, 92,622; (principality), 66-67, 77, 79-8o, 82, 88, 91, 105, 110, 112-113, 118, 120, 122-123,129-130, 207, 257; (region), 53­56; (Orthodox eparchy), 72, 285

Novgorod First Chronicle, 52, 55 Novhorod-Sivers'kyi (town), 103, 134, 237,

252, 256, 280; Jesuit school in, 190; semi­nary in, 286; (principality), 82, 107;

(imperial province), 276; (Orthodox eparchy), 284

Novomyrhorod, 269

Novorosiiskaia gubemiia. See New Russia Novyi svit, 455

Novy ³ Zlatopil', 576

Novyny, 413

Nyva, 440

Oblasts, creation of, 551

Obolensky, Dimitri, 52, 96 Obolensky, Sergei, 433

Obrok, 321

Obshchestvo Narodnaia Rada. SeeNational

Council

Obshchina, 322

Oder River, 36, 38-40, 639

Odessa (city), 6, 8-9, 271, 309-310, 327,

330, 380, 404, 431, 492, 578; soviet in,

480; population of, 324, 664; French in,

501; Greeks in, 350; Jews in, 575-576; pogrom in, 341; Romanians in, 624, 632; (imperial province), 372; (oblast), 551 Odessa group, 478 Odessa University, 491, 542

Odessauer Zeitung, 345

Odinets, Dmitrii, 507

Ohiienko, Ilarion (Ivan, 1882-1972), 620

Ohloblyn, Oleksander (1899-1992), 542;

on Mazepa, 239

Ohonovs'kyi, Omelian (1833-1894), 100,

440

Oka River, 40

Okhtyrka, 211-212

Okhtyrka regiment, 265 Okinshevych, Lev (1898-1980), 216

Okruhy. creation of, 540; abolition of, 551 Olaf, 76

Olbia, 28, 30, 33

Old Believers, 332, 453

Old Bulgarian, 101

Old Church Slavonic, 95

Old Hromada, 377

Old Macedonian language, 102

‘Old Russian language’ (drevnerusskii

iazyk), concept of, 100

‘Old Russian nationality’ (drevnerusskii

narod), concept of, 23, 647

Old Ruthenians, 437-443, 444-448, 456; tried in L'viv, 449; in Bukovina, 453-454;

in interwar Poland, 595

Old Slavonic language, 100-102

Oleh (Sviatoslavych, d. 977), 66 Oleh/Helgi (d. 912/922), 56, 61-64, 71,

84, 90; attacks Constantinople, 62, 188 Oleksandrivs'k, 344; becomes Zaporizh-

zhia, 541; see also Zaporizhzhia/Olek- sandrivs'k

Oleshky, 247, 267, 269 OPha/Helga/Helena (ca. 890-969), 61,

63, 69, 84; Christianity of, 71-72, 97 Oliinyk, Borys (b. 1935), 663 Ol'shavs'kyi, Mykhailo (1697-1767), 404 Omelianovych-Pavlenko, Mykhailo (1878­

1952), 515

Onciul, Aurel, 518

Onega, Lake, 58

Onogurs, 44

Operation Barbarossa, 622

Opryshky, 294

Oregon, 343

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists

(OUN): founded, 596-597; in interwar

Poland, 597-598; split in, 621; during World War II, 621, 625ff.; see also Bander­ites; Melnykites

Orient, 60, 148

Oriental Institute, 580

Oril' River, 242 Orlai, Ivan S. (1771-1829), 404-405 Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele, 523 Orlyk, Pylyp (1672-1742), 246-247, 263,

285, 290, 426

Orthodox church: under Mongol rule, 110; and Union of Lublin, 136; revival of, I5iff.; in Polish-Lithuanian Common­wealth, 191; and Muscovy, 207-208; in Cossack state, 255-256, 258; in eight­eenth century, 283; in Dnieper Ukraine, 374-375; >ⁿ Bukovina, 453; and Het- manate (1918), 489; in interwar Poland, 594, 596; in interwar Subcarpathian Rus', 607-608; in western Volhynia after 1939, 619; in Generalgouvernement, 620 Orthodox Church in America, 433 Orthodox Collegium, 221 Orthodox Romanian church, 601 Osadchyi, Mykhailo (1936-1994), 661 Osadtsa, Mykhailo (1836-1865), 440 Osnova, 20, 367-368 Ossolineum, 429

Ostarbeiter, 634, 638, 642 Oster, 237, 241, 252 Ostpolizei, 626

Ostrianyn, lakiv (d. 1641), 182, 192, 196 Ostrogoths, 33; Christianity of, 70 Ostrogozhsk regiment, 265 Ostroh, 157, 201; Jesuit school in, 190 Ostroh Academy, 157, 162, 165, 187 Ostroh Bible, 157

Ostroz'kyi family, 181, 190 Ostroz'kyi, Kostiantyn I. (1463-1533), 157 Ostroz'kyi, Kostiantyn/VasyP K. (1526­

1608), 145, 157-158, 165-166, 169 Otamany, 499 Otrub, 326

Ottoman Empire, 24, 247, 249, 259, 348, 435; in Lithuanian-Polish period, 148, 158, 164, 182-183; promotes slave raids, 176; raided by Zaporozhian Cossacks, 186, 191; Cossack state and, 205, 207, 218-219; Doroshenko signs treaty with, 227; Holy Alliance against, 228; Muscovy and, 238, 243, 248; Cossack trade with, 254, 280-281; Cossacks in, 318; Russian Empire and, 265, 267, 269-270, 273, 349; tsarist acquisitions from, 271, 307, 319, 344-345, 347; Polish treaty with, 290; Bukovina in, 263; Habsburgs acquire Bukovina from, 301; in Crimean War, 314; weakening of, 313, 385; and World War I, 461-463, 484

Ottoman Turkey, 611 Ottoman Turks, 14, 96, 155, 163, 173, 192,

206, 228-229, 240, 247, 300-301, 387 Oudovichenko (Oleksander Udovi­chenko, 1887-1975), 505

OUN. See Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists

OUN-B. See Banderites OUN-M. See Melnykites Ovruch, Jesuit school in, 190 Ozers'kyi, Syluan, 258

Ozet, 575

Pacific Ocean/Pacific coast, 106, 313, 325, 438, 501

Pacification, 598

Paderewski, Ignacy Jan (1860-1941), 516 Painting (medieval), 99; (1500s), 149, 155;

(baroque), 286-287; (modern), 544 Paisios, 203

Palacky, Frantisek, 412-413

Palanky, 269 Palatinate, 344, 395, 584

Pale of Setdement, 338, 342

Paleolithic, 26

Paleologos family, 350 Palestine, 343, 434, 583

Palii, Semen (Semen Hurko, 1640S-1710), 290

Paliienko, Mykola (1896-1944), 505 Paneiko, Vasyl' (1883-1956), 525 Pan'kevych, Ivan (1887-1958), 608 Pankovych, Stefan (1820-1874), 455 Pannonian Plain, 24, 27, 34, 38, 40, 42 Panshchyna, 321

Pans'ka rada. See Council of Lords Pan-Slavism, 15, 368, 401, 462 Pan-Slavist publicists, 448 Panticapaeum/Bospor, 29-30, 112 Papacy, 228, 241

Papal States, 160

Paradzhanov, Serhii (1924-1990), 656 Paris, 407, 428, 432-433- 515

Paris Peace Conference, 515, 517, 519, 523, 525-526, 583, 611

Parliament (Reichsrat), 420-421, 453-454, 518; {Reichstag), imperial in Vienna, 411­412, 430, 448; German, 612

Partyts'kyi, Omelian (1840-1895), 440 Pasternak, Boris, 654

Paszkiewicz, Henryk, 53

Paterik, 102, 256

Patriarchate: of Alexandria, 158; of Anti­och, 158; ofjerusalem, 158,188, 203, 207; of Moscow, 191, 213, 255-256, 258, 283, 374,433,49L 545,619,629,649-650,671; of Moscow and agreement of Pereiaslav, 213

Paul I Romanov (1754-1801), 317, 320 Pauli, Zegota (1814-1895), 401 Pavliuk-But, Pavlo (d. 1638), 182, 192 Pavlovs'kyi, Oleksii (1773-ca. 1822), 357 Pavlychko, Dmytro (b. 1929), 663, 670 Pavlyk, Mykhailo (1853-1915), 445-446, 449, 463

Pax Austriae, 457

Pax Chazarica, 35, 42-45, 47, 60, 64

Pax Mongolica, 106, 110, 112-113, 119, 123, 127

Pax Romana, 33

Pax Scythica, 32

Pchola, 413

Peasant Union (Selsoiuz), 593

Peasantry: in Kievan Rus', 85, 88; in six­teenth-century Ukraine, 183; in Cossack state, 252-253; in Hetmanate, 275-276, 278, 281; in Lithuania, 139; until 1860s, 319-322; in Bukovina, 415; in Galicia after 1848, 424; in Dnieper Ukraine in revolutionary era, 498-499; in Soviet Ukraine in 1920s, 549-550; in interwar Poland, 585; see also Serfdom

Pechenegs, 57, 60, 62-64, 73, 75, 78, 89, 91, 93, 170

Pechers'ka Lavra. See Monastery of the Caves

Pedrell, Felipe, 240 Pelech, Orest, 368 Pelekhatyi, Kuz'ma (1886-1952), 593 Pelenski, Jaroslaw (b. 1929), 201 Peloponnesus, 96

Pen'kivka culture, 40, 42

People’s Congress, 667

People’s Secretariat (Narodnyi Sekretar­iat), 481

People’s Will (Narodnaia Volia), 341 Pereiaslav (town), 54, 109, 237, 241, 252, 628; Battle of, 186; seminary in, 286; (principality), 66-67, 75, 77^_79> 82, 103, 107, 114, 130, 136, 170; (region), 170; (Orthodox eparchy), 76, 294, 296 Pereiaslav, agreement of, 22-23, 212-219, 231, 245-246, 251, 255, 272; revised arti­cles of, 237; commemoration in 1954 of, 647-648, 653-654; view on, 655 Pereiaslavets’, 64 Peremyshl'. See Przemysl/Peremyshl' Peremyshliany, Jews in, 394 Peresichen', 46

Peresopnytsia Gospel, 162 Perestroika, 666-668

Peretts, Vladimir (1870-1935), 334 Perl, Josef (1777-1839), 394 Pernal, Andrew, 222

Persia, 106, 112, 266, 272

Persians, 35

Perun, 47, 69

Pervomais'kyi, Leonid (1908-1973), 576 Peter I Romanov (1672-1725), 238, 241, 243, 263, 265, 281-282, 290, 321, 489; and Mazepa, 242, 245; defeated by Ottomans, 247; and Zaporozhian Cossacks, 267, 269; and Hetmanate, 271-274; and Orthodox church, 275, 283-284; Shevchenko on, 362

Peter III Romanov (1728-1762), 274 Petliura, Symon (1879-1926), 379, 428; in 1917, 472; in 1918, 482, 490, 492, 499; replaces Vynnychenko, 501; and Poles, 502-503; and pogroms, 505-507; in 1919, 517; in emigration, 569; in interwar Ukrainian lands in Poland, 586

Petrino, Alexandru, 435

Petriv, Vsevolod (1883-1948), 505 Petrograd, 468-469,471,473, 475,477-481, 499

Petrograd Soviet, 468-469, 478-479 Petrushevych, Antin (1821-1913), 443 Petrushevych, levhen (1863-1940): in 1917, 467, 512; as head of West Ukrainian National Republic, 501-502, 513, 515; made dictator, 516; and Dnieper Ukrainians, 517; in exile, 428, 588, 593

Petryk (Petro Ivanenko), 242-243 Petryts'kyi, Anatolii (1895-1964), 544 Phanagoria, 29

Philike Hetaira, 350

Photius, 71

Piast dynasty, 131-132, 141

Piatakov, Georgii (1890-1937), 497 Pidhirtsi treasure, 27

Pidkova, Ivan (Ioan Nicoara Potcoava, d. 1578), 348

Pieracki, Bronislaw (1895-1934), 597 Pihuliak, lerotei (1851-1924), 454 Pihuliak, lustyn (1845-1919), 454 Pilica River, 385

Pilsudski, Jozef (1867-1935), 502, 587 Pininski, Leon (1857-1938), 465 Pinsk (Orthodox eparchy), 188; becomes

Uniate, 189

Pinsk-Turah (Orthodox eparchy), 152-153 Piotrkow, 142

Pipes, Richard, 494

Pisa, 94, 112

Pisots'kyi, Anatolii. See Richyts'kyi, Andrii Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 519

Piast scouting movement, 594-595 Pletenets'kyi, lelysei (1550-1624), 187 Pliushch, Leonid (b. 1939), 428, 661-662

Ploe§ti, 622 Ploshchans'kyi, Venedikt (1834-1902),

441; emigrates to Russia, 449 Pluh. See Association of Revolutionary

Peasant Writers

Pluzhnyk, levhen (1898-1936), 655 Pochaiv, 256

Pochaiv monastery, 155, 628; becomes Uniate, 294

Pochep, 280-281, 329

Podhorecki, Leszek, 18

Podil, 286

Podkarpatska Rus'. See Subcarpathian Rus' Podlachia, 10,129, 136,157, 526; in

Generalgouvemement, 617, 620; south­ern (region within interwar Poland), 583-584, 596; (palatinate), 585

Podolia (principality), 8, 120, 130-131; (palatinate), 136-137, 145, 149, 172, 179, 186, 224, 228, 290, 293, 296, 302, 385; (imperial province), 302, 307-308, 310, 312, 316, 327, 329, 334, 340-341, 365, 394; peasant landholdings in, 325; Roma- nians/Moldavians in, 348-349; in 1917, 477, 479; in 1918, 486, 489; in 1919, 501­503; (region), 170, 202, 205, 227, 263, 284, 290, 293, 295, 299-300, 348, 424, 626, 634; horody in, 46; UPA in, 648; (vicariate), 380

Podolians, 430

Podolyns'kyi, Serhii (1850-1891), 371, 377 Pogodin, Mikhail D. (1800-1875), 15, 17, 19, 52, 400

Pogroms, 341-343, 430, 432, 501, 506-507; Petliura and, 505-506; against Germans, 508; during World War II, 631

Pokas, Hryhorii, 289

Pokhidni hrupy. See Expeditionary groups Pokrovskii, Mikhail N., 52

Poland, 8, 19, 36, 38-39, 95, 127, 239, 338­

339, 369, 374, 387, 400, 407, 413, 426,

433, 437, 482, 630, 649, 667; Goths in, 33

- in Kievan period: 76, 94, 107, 114-115, 118-120, 123

- in Lithuanian-Polish period: 17, 23-24, 124, 130-131, 134, 138, 148-149, 152­153, 157, 175, 180-181, 185, 187, 189, 252; social and administrative structure of, I41ff.; Jews in, 146; Reformation in, 161; Jesuits in, 163; unites with Lithua­nia, 136-137; legalizes Orthodox church, 255; annexes Ukrainian-inhab­ited regions from Lithuania, 172

- at time of Cossack state: 22, 195, 199, 203-204, 206-207, 209, 212, 217, 220— 221, 223, 229, 231, 233, 237-238, 242­244, 247, 249, 254, 259; signs Treaty of Andrusovo, 227-228; in Holy Alliance, 241

- in 1700s: 263, 265-266, 273, 277, 280­282, 285, 287, 292-296; Partitions of, 18, 284, 300-302, 305, 313, 320, 335, 346, 385

- Congress Kingdom: 307, 335, 507; annexed by Russian Empire, 313

- in twentieth century: Petliura and, 502, 517; Entente and, 515-516; independ­ence supported by United States, 512; interwar, 470, 519, 525, 605, 611, 613; rec­ognizes Soviet Ukraine and Soviet Rus­sia, 526, 532; Ukrainians in, 10, 565, 583, 643; Ukrainian lands in, 583-598; Ribbentrop-Molotov pact and, 616, 622; destruction of, 629, 639; after World War II, 13, 649-652; transfer of Ukrainians from, 642; Poles from Ukraine in, 434

Poland-Lithuania. See Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Polatsk/Polotsk (town), 84, 134; (principal­ity), 66-67, 76, 129, 171; (Orthodox eparchy), 72, 188; (Uniate eparchy), 189-190, 255

Poles: in Kievan period, 66-67, 69, 73; and Cherven' cities, 115; invited by Danylo, 119; and Baltic tribes, 129; in Ukraine’s cities, 156; in revolution of 1648, 200, 202-204, 231-232; capture Kiev, 205; and Muscovy, 209-211; occupy Moscow, 209; allies of Crimean Tatars, 218; and Haida­maks, 296-297; and Uman', 298; political system of, 300; revolt in 1830 and 1863, see Polish uprising; in Dnieper Ukraine in nineteenth century, 316, 321, 331-332, 334-337, 350, 355, Ç68-370, 374; in Gali­cia in nineteenth century, 389-390, 397, 402, 430, 457; in 1848 revolution, 409, 411; after 1848, 418, 420-423, 429, 435, 437,444-446,448-450; in eastern Galicia, 393, 587, 642; in L'viv, 424; during World War 1,465,467,485; and West Ukrainians in revolutionary era, 501; and Dnieper Ukraine, 502-503; in Dnieper Ukraine during revolutionary era, 477, 502, 507­508; in Galicia in revolutionary era, 513­517,523; in Soviet Ukraine, 573,577-578; in interwar Poland, 587-588, 598, 621; in Bukovina, 453-454, 600; in northern Bukovina, 453; during World War II: 618, 629; deportation of, 620; and Holocaust, 631; transfer of, 642; in postwar Ukraine, 9, 643; as part of diaspora from Ukraine, 433-434; meaning of Ukraine for, 336; Kostomarov on, 20

Poletyka, Vasyl' (1765-1845), 357 Polianians, 42, 44, 46, 53, 55-57, 61 Polish Academy of Sciences, 421 Polish Army, 516

Polish corridor, 616

Polish Democratic Center party, 508 Polish Executive Committee in Rus', 508 Polish Historical Society, 429

Polish language, 102, 387; adopted by Rus' nobles, 149, 155; in Cossack state, 256; preserves identity in Right Bank, 335; in Galicia, 399-401, 405, 409, 413; pro­moted by Goluchowski, 418, 422; skryp- nykivka and, 567; Soviet courts in, 577;

Polish educational policy and, 594

Polish Military Organization, 578

Polish National Council, 409

Polish uprising: of 1830-1831, 318, 336­337,359, 365, 373, 402, 407; of 1863­1864, 323, 336-337, 368

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 67-68, 141-142, 148, 156, 176, 182, 188-189, 202, 211, 337-338, 340, 374, 391, 393,

398, 429, 502, 587; creation of, 137, 209; at time of Cossack state, 204-205, 213, 217, 225, 256; in 1700s, 263, 283-284, 294 Polish-Soviet war, 577, 587 Polish-Ukrainian war, 523, 588 Polissia (palatinate), 585; cooperatives in,

589; (region), 8, 634; within interwar Poland, 583-584, 594, 596; united with Soviet Ukraine and Soviet Belorussia,

617, 639; (school district), 588

Poliudie. See Tribute Polonophiles, 430, 437 Polons'ka-Vasylenko, Nataliia (1884-1973),

273; on Antes, 40; on Mazepa, 239 Polotsk. See Polatsk/Polotsk Polots'kyi, Symeon (1629-1680), 259 Polovtsians (Cumans), 75, 78-79, 82, 85,

89, 91, 103, 106-107, 109, 117-118, 170 Polovyky, 47

Poloz, Mykhailo (1890-1937), 568-569 Polski Komitet Wykonawczy na Rusi, 508 Poltava (city), 237, 245, 252, 371, 380, 486,

491, 638; hromada in, 367; (imperial prov­ince), 307-308, 312, 316, 326; peasant landholdings in, 325; in 1917, 477, 479; in 1918, 486, 489; (region), 8, 220;

(Orthodox eparchy), 375

Poltava, Battle of, 247

Polubotok, Pavlo (ca. 1660-1724), 272, 362 Pomerania, 639

Pomeranians, 41

Pontic steppes, 61

Pontic watershed, 5

Popovych, Omelian (1856-1930), 453-454,

518

Popular Movement of Ukraine for Restruc­turing. See Rukh

Populists (narodniki), 322, 367-368 Populists in Galicia (narodovtsi), 440-442,

446; in Bukovina, 453; see also Ukraino- philes/ukrainophilism, in Austria- Hungary

Poraiko, Vasyl' (1888-1937), 569 Porphyrogenesis, T2,

Porphyrogenitus, Constantine, 61

Porsh, Mykola (1879-1944), 379, 472

Portugal, 13, 57, 148-149

Posol'skii prikaz. See Central Ministry for

Foreign Affairs

Pospolite ruszenie, 142

Possevino, Antonio, 163

Postyshev, Pavel (1887-1939), 566-567,

570

Potcoava, Ioan Nicoara. See Pidkova, Ivan Potebnia, Oleksander (1835-1891), 376 Potemkin, Grigorii (1739-1791), 270-271 Potii, Ipatii (Adam, 1541-1613), 165-166, 169, 188

Potocki, Andrzej (1861-1908), 448

Potocki family, 292, 330

Potocki, Mikolaj (1594-1651) 186, 255

Potocki, Stanislaw (Rewera, 1579-1667), 186

Potocki, Stefan (d. 1648), 199

Povest vremennykh let. See Primary Chronicle

Povity, 140, 305, 307, 417

Powiaty, 417

Pozharskii, Dmitrii, 646

Poznan, 148

Poznans'kyi, Borys (1841-1906), 366

Prague, 388, 403, 408, 412-413, 428; confer­ence in, 525; parliament in, 604; as capi­tal, 606, 614, 642; German march into, 615; Ukrainians in, 588, 603, 614

Pravda, 440

Pravda Russkaia. See Rus' Law

Pravoslavnaia Bukovyna, 454

Pravoslavnaia Rus', 454

Presidium of the Congress of Soviets / Supreme Soviet of USSR, 530

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, 531 Presniakov, Aleksander, 21

Presov (city), 455, 518; church union in, 650; (region), 10, 385, 433, 603; (Greek Catholic eparchy), 455

Prikarpatskaia Rus', 441

Primary Chronicle (Povest vremennykh let), 63, 77, 79, 117; origin of, 102-103; about Slavs, 38; and origins of Rus', 48, 51-52, 55-56, 61; and Christianity, 70, 72; Gali­cia and Volhynia in, 115; term ukralna in, 171

Princeton University, 432

Pripet Marshes, 38, 41

Pripet River, 10, 38, 46

Pritsak, Omeljan (b. 1919), 54

Procopius, 36, 39

Prodan, Vasyl' (1809-1882), 453-454 Profshkoly, 543

Prokopovych, Teofan (1681-1736), 258­259, 285, 288

Propinatsiia, 140, 250

Proskurov, 506

Prosvita society: in Russian Empire, 380­381; in western Volhynia, 595; in eastern Galicia, 442-443, 453; women in, 590; closed by Poles, 588; abolished by Sovi­ets, 619; in Subcarpathian Rus', 607, 616; in Bessarabia, 599; during World War II, 627, 633

Protestantism/Protestants, 161-162, 169, 221

Provincial Audit Union (Kraiovyi Soiuz Reviziinyi), 442

Provincial Credit Union (Tsentrobank), 442

Provincial Dairy Union (Maslosoiuz), 442, 589

Provisional Government, 469-473, 475, 477-479, 500

Provisional State Secretariat, 515

Prussia, 161, 219, 244, 300-301, 313, 346, 402, 406, 649; defeats Austria, 420, 449

Prussians, 127

Prut River, 36, 39, 46, 57, 247, 348, 599 Pryluky, 155

Przemysl/Peremyshl' (city), 46, 66, 115, 169, 400, 424, 434, 444; brotherhood in, 159; (Orthodox eparchy), 71, 122, 152­153, 188-189, 211, 222; becomes Uniate, 284, 294; (Greek Catholic eparchy), 398, 400, 444, 595, 651

Pskov (city), 14, 257, 285; (principality), 171

Pugachev rebellion, 270

Puliui, Ivan (1845-1918), 375 Pushkar, Martin (d. 1658), 220

Pushkin, Aleksander, 239, 362, 368 Putivl', 104, 211

Pyliavtsi, 202 Pylypenko, Serhii (1891-1943), 544, 565

Rabinowitz, Shalom. See Shalom Aleichem Rada. See Central Rada

Rada (newspaper), 379 Rada in sich, 181, 230

Rada starshyn. See Council of Officers Radicals, 463; see also Ukrainian Radical party

Radimichians, 44, 62, 66 Radvylovs'kyi, Antonii (d. 1698), 256 Radziwiil, Janusz, 204-205, 219 Radziwill-Chornyi family, 161

Raevskii, Mikhail F. (1811-1884), 448 Rahoza, Mykhail (ca. 1540-1599), 165-166 Raiony, 540

Räkoczi, Gyorgy. See Gyorgy II Räkoczi Rakovskii, Khristiian (1873-1941), 492,498,

527, 532-533, 568

Rakushka, Roman (1622-1703), 289 Ralli family, 350

Ranians, 47

Rapaport, Shloyme Zainvil. See An-ski, Sh. Rastrelli, Bartolomeo-Francesco (1700­

1771), 287

Rastsvet, 659

Rawita-Gawronski, Franciszek, 17, 295 Razumovskii, Aleksei (1748-1822), 317 Razumovskii, Andrei (1752-1836), 317 Rebet, Lev (1912-1957), 597

Red Army, 482, 499; captures Left Bank and Donbas, 482; requisitions by, 499; in Civil War, 500, 502, 511, 526, 529, 531;

Kaganovich and, 538; purge in, 567; in western Ukraine, 617, 620; Ukrainian fronts of, 646; during World War II, 625, 634-635, 638, 641-642, 651-652

Red Galician Ukrainian Army, 502 Red Guards, 478-479, 482, 486 Red Rus' (Polish palatinate), 137

Redl, Alfred (1864-1913), 451 Reformation, 149, 159, 160 ff. Reformatskii, Sergei (1860-1934), 334 Regional economic councils (scnmarkhozy), 658, 662

Reichskommissariat Ukraine, 625,628,630, 633-634

Reichsrat. See Parliament Reichstag. See Parliament Renaissance, 149, 162 Renner, Karl, 378, 504 Renovationist church, 546 Renovationists, 546

Repin, Ilia (1844-1930), 334 Republican Council (Soviet) of Workers,

Peasants, and the Black Sea Fleet, 579 Respublyka Rad Ukrainy, 481 Revai, luliian (1899-1979), 608, 614 Revolution: of 1648 (Khmel'nyts'kyi revo­lution), I99ff„ 232, 240, 249, 253, 259, 277-278, 281, 286, 290, 293; of 1648, Cos­sack chroniclers on, 289; of 1848, 406­417, 436-437, 454; of 1905, 450; of 1917 in Dnieper Ukraine, 470; of 1989, 667; in Russia, 1917, see Bolshevik Revolution;

February Revolution

Revolutionary Ukrainian party, 378-379, 446

Revutsky, Avraham (1889-1946), 504 Revuts'kyi, Lev (1889-1977), 544

Rhine River, 344 Rhineland, 612 Riazan', 107, 285 Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, 616-617, 622,

630

Richelieu, Armand-Emmanuel de (1766­1822), 350

Richelieu lycee, 404

Richyts'kyi, Andrii (Anatolii Pisots'kyi, 1890-1934), 565-566

Ridna Shkola. See Native School Society Ridnyi krai, 380, 602

Rieger, Frantisek, 412 Riga, Treaty of, 526, 583 Rigel'man, Aleksandr, 357

Right Bank, 18, 38, 147, 225, 228, 231-233, 236, 240, 242, 244. 247, 249, 252, 254­255, 263, 265, 269, 279, 281, 284, 286, 289, 290ff., 316, 323, 326, 348, 370, 373­374. 540. 624, 637, 672; defined, 307; gov­ernor-general for, 308, 312; khlopomany in, 365-366; Germans in, 630; Jews in, 337-338, 340, 575; Poles in, 314, 317, 321, 334-335, 359, 368, 407, 507, 577-578

Right Opposition, 568

Rittner, Thaddäus (1873-1921), 395 Riuryk dynasty, 14, 64, 67, 78, 85, 130, 138, 208

Riuryk/Hroerkr (d. 879), 54-56

Rivne, 364, 501, 625, 657

Rococo, 287

Roden', 44, 46, 53-54

Rodez, 54

Rohach, Ivan (1913-1942), 614

Rohatyn: brotherhood in, 159; Jews in, 394 Rohatynets', lurii (d. 1608), 169

Roland, 626

Roma, 9; see also Gypsies

Roman, 82, 118

Roman Catholic church: Union of Flor­ence and, 153; at time of Reformation and Counter Reformation, 160-162,168; Union of Hadiach and, 221; in revolu­tion of 1648, 255; returns to, in Right Bank, 293-294; maintains Polishness, 335; Frankists in, 341; in Odessa, 350; in Galicia before national awakening, 398­400; in Poland, 596, 651

Roman Catholicism/Catholics: and Kievan Rus', 115, 122-123; Lithuania and, 129, 132-133; conversions among Rus' nobles to, 149, 155, 190; and Counter Reformation, 162-163; in revo­lution of 1648, 199; in Russian Empire, 341, 374; in Austrian Empire, 390, 395

Roman Empire, 32, 40

Roman Kosh, 5

Romanchuk, luliian (1842-1932), 446, 513 Romania, 13, 42, 318, 387, 435, 462; inter­war, 470, 519-520, 525, 572, 605, 613;

during World War II, 622, 632; since World War II, 639, 643, 650, 652, 667; Ukrainian lands in, 599-602; annexes Bukovina, 518; Ukrainians in, 10 Romanian language, 349, 387, 403, 435, 601-602, 607, 625

Romanian National Council, 518 Romanian National party, 435 Romanian Orthodox Mission, 625 Romanian Scientific Institute, 625 Romanianization, 602, 625 Romanians, 9, 179, 269-270, 280, 462, 467;

in Dnieper Ukraine, 331, 348-350, 504; in Bukovina, 389, 415, 435, 452-454; in northern Bukovina, 453; in Bukovina during revolutionary era, 518; in inter­war Bukovina, 600; in Soviet Ukraine, 573; in Bessarabia, 599; invade Soviet Union, 624; capture Odessa, 632; driven out, 637; in postwar Soviet Ukraine, 643 Romanov dynasty, 12-14, 210, 312 Romanovych dynasty, 118, 122 Romans, 70, 96 Romanticism, 19, 239, 353, 358, 366, 401 Romany (Gypsy) language, 387, 607 Rome, 25, 70, 97-98, 160-161, 165-166, 167, 396, 428, 621, 671; fall of, 96;

‘Third,’ see ‘Third Rome’ Rome-Berlin Axis, 612 Romzha, Teodor (1911-1947), 650 Roop, 272 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 639, 646 Ros' River, 42, 44, 53-54, 75, 89, 107 Ros tribe, 53-54 Rosetti family, 349 Rosia (term), 68 Roslagen, 53 Rosokha, Stepan (1908-1986), 614 Rossiia (term), 68 Rostov (town), 21, 46, 54, 57, 60, 465; (prin­cipality), 80, 208

Rostov-Suzdal' (principality), 66, 77, 79, 91 Rostovtsev, Mikhail (1870-1952), 334 Rostyslav (Volodymyrovych, 1038-1067), 116-117

Rostyslavych dynasty, 77, 117-118

Roth, Joseph (1894-1939), 395 Roxolani, 27, 32

Rozdol's'kyi, Roman (1898-1967), 593

Rozumovs'kyi, Kyrylo (1728-1803), 274, 317

Rozumovs'kyi, Oleksii (1709-1771), 273­275, 281

Rudchenko, Ivan (1845-1905), 370 Rudenko, Mykola (b. 1920), 661 Rudnyckyj,Jaroslav (1910-1995), 171

Rudnyts'ka, Milena (1892-1976), 591 Rudnytsky, Ivan L. (1919-1984), 422

Rudnyts'kyi, Stepan (1877-1937), 3, 542, 593

Rügen, island of, 47

Ruhr area, 611

Ruin, Period of, 217-228, 232, 236-238, 247, 250-251, 253-256, 258, 286, 374

Rukh, 427, 670-672

Rum milleti, 158

Rumelia, 175

Rumiantsev, Petr (1725-1796), 275, 316, 332

Rus Czerwona. See Red Rus'

Rus', Grand Duchy of, 221, 232

Rus' Kaganate, 57

Rus’ Law (Pravda Russkaia), 76, 79, 90

Rus', meaning of term, 66—68

Rus' (Galician) palatinate, 136, 145, 149, 155, 172, 290, 292-293, 301-302, 385, 389; see also Galicia (palatinate)

Rus' people, 203, 649

Rusalka, 440

Rusalka dnistrovaia, 402-403

Rusalky, 47

Rusin (term), 397, 595

Rusinia, 519

Rus'ka Besida. See Ruthenian Club Rus'ka Kraina. See Ruthenian Land

Rus'ka Rada. See Ruthenian Council Rus'ka triitsia. SeeRuthenian Triad Ruskaia Besida. See Ruthenian Society Ruskaia Rada. See Ruthenian Council Rus'kii Sobor. See Ruthenian Council

Ruskyi/russkyi language, 440

Rusnaks, 385, 403, 416

Russia, 3, 46, 65, 214, 217, 239, 243, 255, 288, 329, 375, 404, 596; serfdom in, 321; helps defeat Hungarians, 408, 415; and outbreak of World War I, 461-463; revo­lutions of 1917 in, 468-470, 477-479; and Moldavia in 1917, 599; in 1918, 493; in 1919, 500-501, 503; in 1930s, 570; during World War II, 622; after World War II, 647, 675; Ukrainians in, 10; Jews in, 574; historians on, 13-14, 16-17, 19, 295; Shevchenko on, 216; ‘one and indivisi­ble,’ &38, 432, 533; concept of‘reunifica­tion’ with, 662; (empire), 263, 274-275, 277, 281-282, 286, 292, 294, 296, 298, 301-302, 339, 402, 435, 447, 449; see also Russian Empire; Soviet Russia

Russian Agrarian party, 593

Russian Army, 469, 477; Ukrainians in, 475, 481

Russian Church Abroad, 433

Russian Civil War, 432-433; start of, 500 Russian Communist (Bolshevik) party. See

All-Russian Communist (Bolshevik) party

Russian Constitutional Democratic party (Kadets), 379-380; see also Kadet party

Russian Empire, 216, 247, 263, 266, 269, 279-280, 283, 285-286, 305, 307, 316, 343, 349, 354, 359, 387, 389, 401, 404, 413, 423, 430-432, 437-438, 440, 444, 446, 448, 456, 468, 498, 500, 507-508, 510, 516, 527, 529, 534-535, 549, 572, 574, 578, 583, 594, 599, 649, 651, 654; Muscovy becomes, 263; incorporates fully Sloboda Ukraine, 267, Zaporozhia, 271, Hetmanate, 275-276, Left Bank, 282, 290; and Koliwshchyna, 300; and Polish partitions, 300-302; revolution of 1905 in, 450; and World War I, 463, 465-467, 492; emigration of Transcar­pathians to, 426; considered as continua­tion of Kievan Rus', 14; see also Russia (empire)

Russian language, 102, 349, 528; in Kievan Academy, 285, 288; townspeople and, 321; nobility and, 332; Jewish intellectu­als and, 344; Germans and, 345-346; Ukrainian writers and, 358-359; in late 1800s, 368-370, 373, 376; Orthodox church and, 375; in Galicia, 400-401; Russophiles and, 437-438; Old Ruthe- nians and, 440-441; in Bukovina, 454, 465; in Transcarpathia, 455, 465, 607; in Soviet Ukraine in 1920s, 533, 537, 539, 541 > 543, 574! in Soviet Ukraine in 1930s, 567, 570-571, 581; after World War II, 647, 651, 660, 663, 669

Russian National party, 447

Russian Orthodox church, 212, 256, 283­285, 349, 369, 374-375; in 1917-1918, 491, 545; in 1920s, 545-546; during World War II, 628, 646; after 1945, 649­650; renamed, 671; in diaspora, 427, 433

Russian Orthodox Church in the United States, 433

Russian Peasant party, 593

Russian SFSR. See Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic

Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ party, 378-379, 477-478, 534

Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Repub­lic (Russian SFSR), 511, 526-527, 559, 643, 653; Crimea within, 579; see also Soviet Russia

Russianness, 382

Russians, 12-13, 101, 208, 275, 316, 355, 382, 397, 405, 409, 431, 433, 437-438, 456; in Hetmanate, 279; put down Ver- lan’s revolt, 295; occupy Galicia and Bu­kovina, 463-465; as urban dwellers, 321, 324, 334; in Dnieper Ukraine, 331-332, 350; in Dnieper Ukraine in revolutionary era, 477, 489, 504, 507-508; in interwar Soviet Ukraine, 540, 566, 573-574, 582; and Holocaust, 631; in postwar Soviet Ukraine, 8-9, 643, 651; in Crimea, 347, 511, 579-580, 653; Kostomarov on, 20; Maksymovych on, 356; Markevych on, 361; as brothers, 24, 654; 1954 theses on, 647-648

Russification, 321, 373, 375, 537, 566, 596, 646, 653, 655, 660

Russkaia pravda, 454

Russkii viestnik, 368

Russkyi language. See Ruskyi/russkyi lan­guage

Russojapanese War, 314, 380

Russo-Turkish war, 270, 385

Russophiles: in Austria-Hungary, 436-438, 440-441, 443, 446-448; in Bukovina, 453-454, 465; in Transcarpathia, 456, 608, 614; in Galicia during World War I, 464-465; trials of, 464, 466; in interwar Poland, 593, 595

Russophilism: in Galicia, 444-445, 449; in

Transcarpathia, 415, 449

Rusyn language/vernacular, 437, 440, 607; see also Slaveno-Rusyn language

Rusynophiles, 456, 608

Rusyns (Carpathian region), 385, 403, 416, 437; see also Rusyns/Ukrainians

Rusyns (term), 68, 359, 397, 437, 595; in

Galicia, 440, 464

Rusyns/Ukrainians: Transcarpathian, 415, 455, 518; in Czechoslovakia, 602-608; in Generalgouvernement, 620

Ruthenian Club (Rus'ka Besida), 442

Ruthenian Council (Rus'ka Rada), 446;

(Ruskaia Rada), 453-454; (Rus'kii

Sobor), 409, 413, 439

Ruthenian Land (Rus'ka Kraina), 518-519

Ruthenian language: official language of

Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 131, 140; in Poland-Lithuania, 136; Union of Hadi- ach and, 222; in Austrian Empire, 398­399, 410, 448; discussion about, 401, 414, 437, 440

Ruthenian Language and Literature, Department of: in L'viv, 414, 588; in Chernivtsi, 453-454

Ruthenian Sharpshooters, 414

Ruthenian Society (Ruskaia Besida), 453

Ruthenian Triad (Rus’ka triitsia), 402, 409, 414, 439, 441

Ruthenianism, 437

Ruthenians, 397, 409-411, 415, 437; term in Galicia, 440

Ruts'kyi, Veliamyn (1574-1637), 188 Rybak, Natan (1913-1978), 576 Rybakov, Boris, 38, 53; on Antes, 40 Ryleev, Kondratii (1795-1826), 334 Ryl's'kyi, Maksym (1895-1964), 654 Ryl's'kyi, Tadei (1841-1902), 366-367 Rzewuski family, 292

Sabov, Evmenii (1859-1934), 455 Sacher-Masoch, Leopold von (1836­

1895), 395

Sadovs'ka-Barliotti, Mariia (1855-1891),

376

Sadovs'kyi, Mykola (Mykola Tobilevych,

1856-1933), 376

Safärik, Pavel Josef, 357, 401 Safonovych, Teodosii (d. 1676), 257 Sahaidachnyi, Petro (d. 1622), 185-187, 203, 209, 230

Saksahans'kyi, Panas (Panas Tobilevych,

1859-1940), 376 Salzburg, 388 Samara River, 242 Samogitia, 127, 131 Samoilovych, Ivan (d. 1690), 240-241, 255 Samostiina Ukraina, 378-379 Samavydets’ Chronicle, 289

Samvydav, 661

San River, 5, 143, 389, 393, 429, 464, 514,

616-617, 619-620, 639

Sandomierz (palatinate), 385, 389 Sangari, Isaac, 45

Sanguszko family, 190, 292 Sanok, 123

Sapieha family, 161 Saracen route, 58, 91 Saracens, 129

Sarai, 109-110, 119, 130, 172-173, 207 Sarajevo, 388, 451, 462

Sarcelles, 428

Sardinia, 57

Sardinia-Piedmont, 314, 320, 449

Sarkel, 45-46, 64

Sarmatian period, 41

Sarmatian theory, 38

Sarmatianism, 293

Sarmatians, 25-27, 32-33, 35, 176, 293

Savchenko, Fedir (1892-19??), 565

Saxony, 243-244, 292

Sblizhenie, 659-660

Sbomik Khar kmskago Istoriko-filologicheskago obshchestva, 376

Scandinavia, 48, 56, 58, 66, 86, 217

Schaedel, Johann-Gottfried (1680-1752), 287

Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von,

351, 353

Scherer, Jean-Benoit, 18

Schlozer, August Ludwig von, 52

Schultz, 345

Schultz, Bruno (1892-1942), 395

Schuselka, Franz, 412

Sclaveni, 39

Scythia Minor, 28, 30, 32

Scythians, 25-28, 30-33, 35, 38-39, 41, 91, 176; Herodotus on, 31

Second Volhynian Statute, 136

Secretariat for Nationality Affairs, 504

Seim River, 38, 46, 73

Seimyky, 140

Sejm (interwar Poland), 583-585, 588, 594; see also Diet (Sejm); House of Deputies

Sejmiki, 142, 210

Selsoiuz. See Peasant Union

Semashko, losyf (1799-1868), 375

Sembratovych, losyf (1821-1900), 449

Senate, 583, 588, 594; in Prague, 603

Seniawski family, 292

Senyk, Omelian (1891-1941), 627

Serafino family, 350

Serbia, 387, 462-463

Serbian language, 403

Serbo-Croatian language, 387

Serbs, 269, 280, 354, 357, 399

Serczyk, Wladyslaw (b. 1935), 18

Seret River, 465-466

Serfdom, 145; in Hetmanate, 275-276; neo­serfdom in Poland and Lithuania, 143­144; in New Russia, 320; in Right Bank and Volhynia, 320-321; in Russia, 321; in Habsburg Empire, 391-392, 406, 408, 411

Sergeevich, Vasilii, 215

Sevastopol', 271, 511, 625, 637 Sevcenko, Ihor (b. 1922), 96

Seven Years’ War, 271

Severia, 212

Severians, 44, 46, 53, 62

Sfatul Tarii, 599

Shabbateanism, 340

Shakhmatov, Aleksei A., 52, 100

Shakhty region, 564

Shalom Aleichem (Shalom Rabinowitz, 1859-1916), 340, 344

Shamanism, 45

Shandruk, Pavlo (1889-1979), 505 Shashkevych, Markiian (1811-1843), 402, 441

Shchavnyts'kyi, Mykhailo (1754-1819), 404 Shchedrivky, 662

Shcherbats’kyi, Tymofii (Tykhon

Shcherbak, 1698-1767), 284

Shcherbyts'kyi, Volodymyr (1918-1990), 662, 668, 672

Shebelynka field, 657

Shelest, Petro (1908-1996), 661-663

Sheptakiv, 280

Sheptyts'kyi, Andrei (Roman Oleksander, 1865-1944), 429, 465; in revolutionary era, 513; in interwar Poland, 595—597; under Soviet rule, 619; under Nazi rule, 626-629, 650; and Jews, 631-632; death of, 649

Shestydesiatnyky. See Sixties group

Shevchenko, Fedir P. (1914-1995), 655 Shevchenko Scientific Society: in L'viv,

443, 450, 465, 542; abolished by Soviets, 619; in New York City, 428

Shevchenko, Taras (1814-1861), 361-364, 373, 376, 416, 440, 445, 663; exiled, 364; in St Petersburg, 366-367; on agreement of Pereiaslav, 216; on Cossacks, 170; on Haidamak movement, 295, 297-298

Shevchuk, Valerii (b. 1939), 654

Shevelov, George (b. 1908), 100, 428 Shrah, Illia (1847-1919), 380

Shrah, Mykola (1894-1970), 566

Shteppa, Konstantin (1896-1958), 22 Shtetl, 339-340

Shukhevych, Roman. See Chuprynka,

Taras

Shul'gin, Vasilii (1878-1976), 334, 381, 433, 507

Shul'gin, Vitalii (1822-1878), 334 Shul'hyn, Oleksander (1889-1960), 472 Shums'kyi, Oleksander (1890-1946), 532,

537-538, 547, 564, 568-569, 570, 593; arrest of, 565

‘Shums'ky-ism,’ 537, 568; ‘Shums'ky-ites,

Galician, 593

Siabry, 139

Siberia, 478, 500-501, 658; Chingis Khan

in, 106; haidamaks in, 300; emigration

to, 325, 330; deportations to, of Uniate clergy, 375, of Germans, 508, 630, of kulaks, 557-558, of Ukrainian intelli­gentsia, 564, 566, from western Ukrain­ian lands, 619-620, 651, of Crimean Tatars, 653

Sich Riflemen, Battalion of, 482, 493, 587 Sichyns'kyi, Myroslav (1887-1980), 448 Sicily, 57

Siedlce (imperial province), 307 Sienkiewicz, Henryk, 337

Sierp, 577

Sighet Marmapei/Syhit Marmoros'kyi,

464, 518

Sikorskii, Ivan (1842-1919), 334

Sikorsky, Igor (1889-1972), 432 Sikors'kyi, Polikarp (Petro, 1875-1953),

628

Silesia, 146, 388, 433, 583, 626, 639, 649

Silk Road, 110

Sil's'kyi Hospodar. See Village Farmer Asso­ciation

Sil'vai, Ivan (1838-1904), 455

Simanskii, Aleksei (Sergei, 1877-1970), 650 Sineus, 55

Sinopsis, 257

Siren, Ioan. SeeSirko, Ivan

Sirko, Ivan (Ioan Siren, ca. 1605/10-1680),

348

Siverodonets'k, 553

Sixties group (shestydesiatnyky), 654, 661,

663

Skal'kovs'kyi, Apolon (1808-1899), 295

Skarga, Piotr (1536-1612), 163, 169 Skhod, 312

Skoropads'kyi family, 251

Skoropads'kyi, Ivan (ca. 1646-1722), 245,

247, 271-272, 281, 489

Skoropads'kyi, Pavlo (1873-1945), 428,

488-490, 492-495, 497-498, 504

Skoropys'-Ioltukhovs’kyi, Oleksander

(1880-1950), 379

Skovoroda, Hryhorii (1722-1794), 285, 288 Skrypnyk, Mstyslav (Stepan, 1898-1993),

428, 628, 650, 671

Skrypnyk, Mykola (1872-1933), 481, 497,

532-533,658; as commissar of education,

563-564, 566, 570; suicide of, 567

Skrypnykivka, 567

Skyt Maniavs'kyi monastery, 155

Slabchenko, Mykhailo (1882-1952), 542,

565

Slav Congress, 412-413

Slava, 54

Slaveno-Rus' nation, concept of, 257 Slaveno-Rusyn language, 398-402, 404,

413, 440-441, 445; in Bukovina, 453-454; in Transcarpathia, 455-456

Slaves: in Kievan Rus', 85, 89; in Grand

Duchy of Lithuania, 138; Ottoman

Empire and, 176-177, 200

Slavic Serbia (Slaviano-Serbiid), 270, 280

Slavonic language. See Church Slavonic lan­guage

Slavophiles, 322, 368

Slavs, 112, 364, 368, 399, 402, 412, 416, 462,

467, 629; Engels on, 378

Slavynets'kyi, Epifanii (d. 1675), 259

Sliianie, 659-660

Slipyi, losyf (1892-1984), 428, 595; arrest of, 650

Slisarenko, Oleksa (Oleksa Snisar, 1891­

1937), 655

Sloboda Cossacks, 266

Sloboda regiment (Slobids'kyipolk), 269

Sloboda Ukraine, 8, 205, 211-212, 227, 231,

233, 242, 259, 263, 265-267, 269, 271, 275-277, 279-280, 282, 284-286, 289­290, 294, 307, 316-317, 320, 326, 332, 361; changed into imperial province (Slobodsko-ukrainskaia gubemiia), 267, 307, 351

Slobody, 265

Slovak language, 387

Slovakia, 8, 95, 287, 387, 403, 426, 430, 433, 455, 465, 519, 604-605; granted auton­omy, 613-614; as German protectorate, 615; Rusyns/Ukrainians in, 10

Slovaks, 357, 615; in postwar Soviet

Ukraine, 643

Slovechno, 342

Slovenes, 399

Slovenia, 387

Slovenian language, 387

Slovenians (East Slavic), 55, 61

Slovo, 372, 440, 448-449

Slave 0 polku Ihorevi. See Lay of Ihor’s Cam­paign

Slowacki, Juliusz (1809-1849), 239, 337, 366 Slutsk (Orthodox eparchy), 153 Smal'-Stots'kyi, Stepan (1859-1938), 100, 440, 454

Smerdy, 88, 94, 139; see also State peasants

Smolensk (town, city), 84, 92,134, 215, 228; (principality), 66-67, 77, 79; (region), 209, 212; (Orthodox eparchy), 255; (Uniate eparchy), 189

Smolka, Franciszek, 412

Smotryts'kyi, Herasym (d. 1594), 157, 162

Smotryts'kyi,Meletii (Maksym, 1577-1633), 187, 190

Snezhko-Blotskii, 372

Sniatyn, 339

Snihurs'kyi, Ivan (1784-1847), 400 Snisar, Oleksa. SecSlisarenko, Oleksa Sobibor, 631

Sobieski, Jan. Seejan III Sobieski

Sobor, 491

Sobor Uchenykh Rus'kykh. See Congress of Ruthenian Scholars

Soborna Ukraina, 518

Sobamist', 495

Sobranie dvorianstva. See Gentry assembly Social strata/estates: in Kievan Rus', 79,

85-9°; in Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 138-139; in Poland, 141; in Crimea, 175­176; in sixteenth-century Ukraine, 183; in Muscovy, 210; in Period of Ruin, 225; in Cossack state, 229, 249-253; in Het- manate, 274, 277-282; in Galicia, 390­393; in Galicia after 1848, 424-425; in Dnieper Ukraine before 1860s, 316ff.

Social-Democrats: in Galicia, 463, and see Ukrainian Social-Democratic party (Gali­cia) ; in Dnieper Ukraine, 490, and see Ukrainian Social-Democratic Labor party

Socialist Revolutionary party, 378 Socialist-Federalists, 490

Socialist-Revolutionaries (Russian), 507 Socialists, 434

Society for Romanian Literature and Cul­ture, 600

Society of Ruthenian Ladies, 590

Society of St Basil the Great, 455

Society of St John the Baptist, 455

Society of the United Slavs, 335

Society of Ukrainian Progressivists (TUP), 381

Socinian Protestants, 162

Socrates, 288

Soim, 473, 514; see also Diet (Landtag/sejm/ soim)

Soiuz Ukrainok. See Union of Ukrainian Women

Sokal’, 394

Soldaia, 112

Solkhat/Staryi Krym, 112

Solodub, 569

Solov'ev, Sergei M., 15-16, 21, 52; on Mazepa, 238

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksander, 654

Sophia (Alekseevna, 1657-1704), 241 South Dakota, 343

South Russia, 439

South Slavs, 95

Southern Buh River, 5, 28, 38-40, 42, 46, 175-176, 227, 269, 271, 275, 348-349, 624

Southern Europe, 112, 148, 219

Southern Society, 335

Southwestern Land (lugozapadnyi krai), 307, 334, 365

‘Sovetskii narod’ (concept), 660

Soviet Army, 667-668

Soviet Belorussia, 617, 646; see also Belorus­sian SSR

Soviet Crimean Republic, 511

Soviet of Nationalities, 530

Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies.

See Kiev Soviet; Petrograd Soviet

Soviet partisans, 626

‘Soviet people’ (concept), 660

Soviet Russia, 470, 486, 499, 502, 516, 534, 547, 564; recognizes Ukrainian National Republic, 485; concludes armistice with Poland, 503; recognized by Poland, 526

Soviet Russian government, 492, 511; see also All-Soviet government; Council of People’s Commissars; Moscow

Soviet Ukraine: recognized by Poland, 526; treaty of union with Russian SFSR, 530; see also Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Soviet Ukrainian government: first, 481­482,495,497; second, 498, 536, 549; from 1920, 503, 529, 532, 541, 543, 563, 573

Soviet Union, 13, 21-22, 431-433; forma­tion of, 526, 530, 572, 654; in 1930s, 612­613, 653; during World War II, 617, 622, 624, 626, 628, 630, 634-635, 638-639, 641; after World War II, 642, 645, 647; after Stalin, 652ff., 656, 661, 666-667; Orthodox churches in, 545-546

Soviets, 427, 434, 639

Sovnarkhozy. See Regional economic coun­cils

Spain, 56-57, 146, 148-149, 217, 354, 597, 612-613

Sperber, Manes (1905-1984), 431

Spilka (Ukrainian Social-Democratic

Union), 379-381

Sremski Karlovci, 433

Sreznevskii, Izmail (1812-1880), 52, 100,

334, 356, 358-359

Srubna culture, 41

SS, 631-632; Waffen, 627

St Andrew, 70

St George Cathedral, 287, 445

St George Church of the Vydubets'kyi

Monastery, 258

St George Circle (sviatoiurtsi), 445

St Germain-en-Laye, Treaty of, 525, 602

St Josaphat Catholic University, 428

St Nicholas monastery, 155

St Onufrius monastery, 155

St Petersburg, 13, 267, 269, 272-276, 282, 287, 296, 301-302, 305, 312, ÇÈ, 321, 327, 368, 371, 403, 448-449, 454, 462; ‘window to the West,’ 263; Holy Synod in, 374-375; Cossacks in construction of, 244; Ukrainians in, 361-364, 366-367, 380; hromada in, 367; Ukrainian plays in, 376; in displacement theory, 14, 23, 257, 439

St Petersburg University, 404

St Sophia, Cathedral of. See Cathedral of St Sophia

Stadion, Franz (1806-1853), 409, 411-412 Stalin, Iosif (Iosif Dzhugashvili, 1879­1953), 22, 343, 479, 538, 572, 651, 654, 662, 668, 670; and ‘autonomization,’ 532-533; and indigenization, 537; and nations, 535-536, 574, 659; and Russian people, 646; condemns Khvyl'ovyi, 545; in 1930s, 548, 550-551, 558, 560, 566­571, 577; and foreign affairs, 616-617, 622; during World War II, 624, 641, 646; after World War II, 639, 644, 650; death

of, 647, 652; see also De-Stalinization Stalindorf, 576 Stalingrad, 624, 635 Stalinism, 548

Stalino (city), 541, 581; (oblast), 551; see also Donets'k; luzivka/Donets'k

Stanislaw I Leszczynski (1677-1766), 243­244, 295

Stanislaw II Poniatowski (1732-1798), 292, 296

Stanislawow/Stanyslaviv (province, palati­nate), 584, 589

Stanyslaviv/Ivano-Frankivs'k (city), 424, 444, 514-515; Jews in, 394; (Greek Catho­lic eparchy), 595

Stara Sich, 245

Staraia Ladoga/Aldeigjuborg, 46, 55, 60 Starodub (city), 134, 228, 252; (region), 209, 212, 232, 250, 332

Starogorodskii, Sergei (Ivan, 1867-1944), 646

Starshyna·. in Lithuanian-Polish period,

181; in Cossack state, 218, 220-221, 224­225, 230, 234, 241, 249, 251-252; and agreement of Pereiaslav, 216; granted noble status, 267, 316; in Sloboda Ukraine, 265, 267; in Hetmanate in 1700s, 272, 274, 277, 279, 287; studies his­tory, 355-356; Pavlo Skoropads'kyi as descended from, 489

Staryi Krym. See Solkhat/Staryi Krym Staryts'kyi, Mykhailo (1840-1904), 376 State farms, 555

State peasants, 139, 317-319, 323, 325, 365; see also Smerdy

State Planning Commission (Gosplan), 551 Stauropegial Brotherhood. See L'viv

Stauropegial Brotherhood

Stauropegial Institute, 442, 593 Stavrovs'kyi-Popradov, lulii (1850-1899),

455

Stefan (‘the Great’), 134

Stefan, Agoston (1877-1944), 518 Stempowski, Stanislaw (1870-1952), 508 Steppe hinterland, 25-29

Steppe Ukraine, 316, 323, 326, 332; Jews in, 338; Black Sea Germans in, 345

Stets'ko, laroslav (1912-1986), 626 Stockholm, 52-53, 485

Stoianov, Oleksander, 367

Stolypin, Petr A. (1862-1911), 326, 380-381 Stone Age, 26

Stowarzyszenie Ludu Polskiego. See Associ­

ation of the Polish People

Strauss, Jr, Johann, 388

Strianyn, 187

Striboh, 69

Struve, Petr, 381

Stryi, 395, 444

Stsibors'kyi, Mykola (1899-1941), 627 Studium Ruthenum, 399-401, 404

Stiir, L'udovit, 357

Sturdza family, 349

Styr' River, 46

Styria, 387-388, 465

Subcarpathian Rus' (province), 603;

granted autonomy, 613; annexed by Hungary, 641; joins Soviet Union, 641; (region), 385, 599; see also Transcar­pathia; Transcarpathian oblast Subcarpathian Rusyn Land (Zeme podkar-

patoruskd), 604

Subcarpathian Rusyn National Theater,

607

Subotiv, 196-197

Subtelny, Orest (b. 1943), 246

Sudak, 106

Sudavians. See latvigians Sudeten Germans, 613 Sudeten Mountains, 613 Sudetenland, 395, 613

Sugdea, 112

Sula River, 46

Sulimirski, Tadeusz, 38

Sulkevich, 511

Sulyma, Mykola (1892-19??), 565 Sumtsov, Mykola (1854-1922), 376, 380 Sumy regiment, 265

Sunday schools, 367

Supreme Ruthenian Council (Holovna

Rus'ka Rada), 409-410, 413-415, 439, 446

Supreme Soviet (Verkhovna Rada), 529­530, 672-673

Supreme Soviet of USSR, 530

Supreme Ukrainian Council (Holovna

Ukrains'ka Rada), 463

Supremacist movement, 334

Susha, lakiv (1610-1687), 190

Suvorov, Aleksander, 646

Suzdal' (town), 107; (principality), 21, 67,

208

Svantovit, 47

Svaroh, 47

Svarozhych, 47

Sveinald I. See Sviatoslav/Sveinald I Sverstiuk, levhen (b. 1928), 654, 661

Sviatoiurtsi. See St George Circle Sviatopolkll (Iziaslavych, 1050-1113), 79 Sviatoslav II (laroslavych, 1127-1176), 76­77,84

Sviatoslav/Sveinald I (Ihorevych, ca. 942­972), 61, 64-66, 92

Svientsits'kyi, liarion (1876-1956), 619

Svidychnyi, Ivan (1929-1992), 654, 661 Svystun, Pylyp (1844-1916), 441, 443 Sweden, 22, 33, 53, 56, 58, 76,185-186, 209,

217, 219-220, 229, 238, 243-244, 248, 259, 263, 265, 292

Swedes, 245, 270

Swierczewski, Karol (1897-1947), 649

Switzerland, 161, 377, 449, 478

Syhit Marmoros'kyi. See Sighet Marmapei/ Syhit Marmoros'kyi

Symferopol'/Akmefet, 28, 271, 314, 580 Symonenko, Vasyl' (1935-1963), 654 Symonovs'kyi, Petro (1717-1809), 289 Syniavs'kyi, Oleksa (1887-1937), 565 Syniukha River, 269

Synod Abroad, 433

Szabo, Istvan, 451

Szabo, Oreszt (1867-194?), 518

Sz^ligowski, Tadeusz, 240

Szlachta, 141-142, 182-183, 186, 189, 197; name taken on by Cossack gentry, 278; granted membership in Russian nobility, 316-318, 335; in Lithuania, 140; in Gali­cia, 390, divided into magnates and gen­try, 391; lavors'kyi on, 22; Kostomarov on, 20; see also Nobility, Polish

Tadzhik SSR, 526

Taganrog, 497

Talerhof, 465-466

Talmud, 340

Taman, 173

Taman Peninsula, 28, 30 Tamatarcha/Hermanossa, 45; bishopric in, 71

Tamerlane (ca. 1336-1405), 130 Tana/Tanais, 30, 112, 173

Taras Brotherhood, 377

Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society, 670

Tarnopol/Ternopil' (city), seeTemopil'/ Tamopol; (province, palatinate), 584, 589

Tarnovs'kyi, Vasyl' (1810-1866), 367 Tashkent, 660

Tatarization, 580-581

Tatars, 9, 106, 109-110, 112, 130, 163, 560; and Cossacks, i/off., 179; in revolution­ary era, 504,5io-5ii;in 1920s and 1930s, 579-582; during World War II, 635; deported from Crimea, 653; in postwar Soviet Ukraine, 643; see also Crimean Tatars

Tatishchev, Vasilii M., 13

Taurida (imperial province), 307-308, 312, 316, 320, 332, 345; in 1917, 479; in 1918, 486; (Orthodox eparchy), 375

Taurida University, 580

Tchaikovsky, Peter L, 239 Tchernichowsky, Saul (1875-1943), 344 Teheran, 639

Teliutsa, 92

Temujin. See Chingis Khan/Temujin Tennyson, Lord Alfred, 314

Òåãºéòàï, 347

Terek River, 44, 272, 319

Terekhtemyriv Monastery, 187

Terelia, losyp (b, 1943), 428, 663

Terlets'kyi, Kyrylo (d. 1607), 165

Terlets'kyi, Ostap (1850-1902), 449

Ternopil’/Tarnopol (city), 158, 424, 444, 465, 514; Jews in, 394; (oblast), 656; (region), 466

Teteria, Pavlo (d. ca. 1670), 249

Teutonic Order, 107, 123, 127, 129, 131­132, 148, 161, 209

Texas, 3

Theater, 376, 544; drama, 288

Theodoro-Mangup, 112-113

Theodosia, 28, 112; see also Caffa/Kefe Theological Academy, Greek Catholic, 595 Theopemptos (d. 1049), 76, 98, 121 Theophanes III, 188

Third Reich, 612, 617, 620, 630, 634 ‘Third Rome,’ 257

Thomsen, Vilhelm, 52

Thorn/Torun, 129

Thrace, 27

Tiber, 97

Tighina, 624; see also Akkerman

Tikhomirov, Mikhail N., 53

Tikhon (Vasilii Belavin, 1865-1925), 491, 545-546

Tikhonites, 546

Time of Troubles, 209-210, 212

Tiras, 28

Tiraspol (town), 625; (Roman Catholic diocese), 335, 374

Tisza River. See Tysa/Tisza River

Tithe Church (Desiatynna). See Church, of the Dormition

Tiutiunnyk, Hryhorii (1931-1980), 654

Tiutiunnyk, lurii (1891-1929), 542 Tivertsians, 46, 62

Tmutorokan', 45, 62, 73, 75, 77, 79, 112; bishopric in, 71, 95-97

Tobilevych, Ivan. See Karpenko-Karyi, Ivan

Tobilevych, Mykola. See Sadovs'kyi, Mykola Tobilevych, Panas. SeeSaksahans'kyi,

Panas

Tolstoi, Aleksei K. (1817-1875), 334

Tomashivs'kyi, Stepan (1875-1930), 52 Torchesk, 89

Torks, 75, 89 Toronto, Ontario, 6 Torun'. SeeThorn/Torun Toth, Alexis (St Aleksei, 1853-1909), 433 Town Cossacks, 179, 183, 229 Townspeople: in Lithuania, 139; in Poland, 141; in Polish-Lithuanian Common­wealth, 150, 156; in sixteenth-century Ukraine, 183; in revolution of 1648, 199; and agreement of Pereiaslav, 213; in Cos­sack state, 252; in Hetmanate, 279, 281; in Dnieper Ukraine before 1860s, 321 Transcarpathia (region), 8-9, 68, 263, 286-287, 294, 302; in Habsburg Empire, 339, 385, 403-405, 426; in 1848 revolu­tion, 415-416; national movement in, 436; after 1848, 417-418, 427, 429-430, 433, 439, 448, 454-456; during World War I, 465-466; in 1918-1919, 518-519; claimed by West Ukrainian National Republic, 514; claimed by Ukrainian National Republic, 515; recognized as part of Czechoslovakia, 525; in Czecho­slovakia, 595, 597, 599, 601; again in Hungary, 615-616; during World War II, 625, 637; acquired by Soviet Ukraine, 639, 641-642; (Orthodox eparchy), 71; see also Subcarpathian Rus'

Transcarpathian oblast, 13, 385, 656 Transcarpathian vernacular, 415 Transcarpathians, 404, 418, 455-456 Transcaspian territories, 313 Transcaucasia, 75, 313, 530 Transcaucasian SFSR, 526

Transnistria, 348-349, 624-625, 632, 637 Transylvania, 204-205, 219, 221, 387, 435, 599, 605

Treblinka, 631

Tret’iakov, Petr N„ 38 Trianon, Treaty of, 525, 605, 611 Tribute (poliudie), 63 Trier, 76

Trieste, 388

Trinity Church of the St Cyril Monastery, 286

Troshchinskii, Dmitrii (1754-1829), 317

Trotskii, Leon (LevBronstein, 1879-1940), 344, 478-479, 482, 500, 551, 553

Trotskyite center, 569

Trubetskoi, Nikolai, 100

Truvor, 55

Trypillia, 41

Trypillian culture, 26, 41

Tsamblak, Hryhorii (1364-ca. 1419), 152

Tsaritsyn, 272

Tsentrobank. See Provincial Credit Union

Tsentrosoiuz. Sec Union of Cooperative Unions

Tsertelev, Nikolai (1790-1869), 356, 360 Tsetsora Fields. See Cecora/Tsetsora Fields Tsurkanovich, Ilarion (1878-19??), 608 Tumans'kyi, Fedir (1757-1810), 357

TUP. See Society of Ukrainian Progressivists Tuptalo, Dmytro (1651-1709), 259, 285, 288

Turau (Orthodox eparchy), 72, 122, 255 Turau-Pinsk (principality), 67, 79, 129 Turkestan, 28

Turkey, 22-23, 483, 523, 613, 653; treaty with Soviet Ukraine, 532; Tatars return from, 580

Turkic tribes, 105-106

Turkish language, 347

Turkmen SSR, 526

Turks, 179, 196, 227, 230, 254, 270, 300, 389 Turkiit Empire, 35

Tver' (town), 107; (principality), 112, 129, 208

Tverdokhlib, Sydir (1886-1922), 587

Tymchasovyi Robitnychno-Selians'kyi

Uriad Ukrainy, 498

Tymchenko, levhen (1866-1948), 565

Tymins'kyi, Ivan (1852-1902), 454

Tyras, 33

Tyrol, 387-388, 462

Tysa/Tisza River, 5, 599

Tysiats'kyi, 88

Tyszkiewicz family, 292

Udovichenko, Oleksander. See Oudovi- chenko

Uezdy, 305, 307

Uhro-Rusyns, 519, 616; see also Rusyns Ukapists. See Ukrainian Communist party I'kraina (term), 171

Ukraina irredenta, 446-447

Ukrainian (term for people), 10-11, 359, 440

Ukrainian Academy of Fine Arts, 491

Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 432, 491, 619, 655; see also All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences

Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox church: created, 545-546; forced to dis­solve itself, 427, 565; reconstituted, 619­620; in Reichskommissariat Ukraine, 628; ceases to exist, 650; reestablished in Ukraine, 671-672; in North America, 427, 671

Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox church, 628, 650

Ukrainian auxiliary police, 631, 633

Ukrainian Catholic church, 166, 168, 671­672

Ukrainian Central Committee, 620, 627­628

Ukrainian Central Executive Committee, 527, 539

Ukrainian Committee, 517-518

Ukrainian Communist party (Ukapists), 532; arrests of former members of, 565

Ukrainian Communist party of Borotbists, 532; see also Borotbists

Ukrainian Democratic party, 379

Ukrainian Democratic Radical party, 379­381

Ukrainian encyclopedia project, 428

Ukrainian exarchate. See Exarchate of Ukraine

Ukrainian Free University, 428, 588

Ukrainian Galician Army, 516; see also Gali­cian Ukrainian Army

Ukrainian Insurgent Army. See UPA

Ukrainian Labor Club, 380

Ukrainian language, 100, 387, 528; in Lithuanian-Polish period, 162; in 1700s, 288; in Dnieper Ukraine before 1860s, 355, 358; Kobzar and, 362; hromadas and, 367; Valuev decree on, 368-371; Ems Ukase on, 371-372, 448; modification of Ems Ukase on, 376; translation of Bible into, 375; from 1905, 379-380; Stolypin and, 381; vernacular Galician, 402-403, 413, 441-442; in nineteenth-century Gali­cia, 377, 413-414, 423, 426, 465; Polish leaders and, 409; Galician Jews and, 430; women and, 590; in early twentieth-cen­tury Galicia, 444-445; in Bukovina, 465; in 1917, 472, 475; in Hetmanate (1918), 491; in interwar Poland, 588-589, 594­596; in interwar Romania, 602; in inter­war Subcarpathian Rus', 607, 614; in Soviet Ukraine in 1920s, 533, 536-539, 541-543, 547, 566; in Soviet Ukraine in i93°s, 541, 564, 567, 571; in Generalgou­vernement, 620; after 1945, 654-656, 662, 664, 669-670, 675; declared state language, 670

Ukrainian Military Congress, First, 475 Ukrainian Military Organization (UVO), 587-588, 596, 621

Ukrainian National Association, 426

Ukrainian National Council (Ukrains'ka NarodnaRada), 513-517; (Ukrains'ka Natsional'na Rada), in L'viv, 627; in Kiev, 629, 633

Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance (UNDO), 592, 594, 597, 627; split in, 598

Ukrainian National party, 602

Ukrainian National Republic (Ukrains'ka Narodnia Respublyka), 172, 479ff., 498­499, 541-542, 587, 627, 634; declared to be independent, 482; reestablished, 493­494; under Directory, 495, 501-503, 517, 545; Jews and, 504; pogroms and, 505­507; Poles and, 508; Western Province (Zakhidnia Oblast’) of, 515

Ukrainian National Union, 490, 492

Ukrainian Orthodox church, 565, 671

Ukrainian Orthodox (Synodal) church, 546

Ukrainian parliamentary circle, 380

Ukrainian Parliamentary Representation, 4á7> 512

Ukrainian Peasant Congress, 490

Ukrainian Pedagogical Society, 594

Ukrainian People’s party, 379, 381 Ukrainian Radical party, 446-447, 593

Ukrainian Scholarly Society, 542 ‘Ukrainian school’ in Polish literature, 336, 366

Ukrainian Scientific Society, 380

Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, 463, 513, 518

Ukrainian Social-Democratic Labor party, 379, 381, 471-472, 490

Ukrainian Social-Democratic party (Gali­cia), 447

Ukrainian Social-Democratic Union, 379; see also Spilka

Ukrainian Socialist party, 379

Ukrainian Socialist-Federalist party, 472 Ukrainian Socialist-Radical party, 592-593

Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary party, 471-472, 531

Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary party of Communist Fighters. See Borotbists

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrains'ka Radians'ka Sotsialistychna Respublyka), 172, 520, 587; in 1919, 498­499; restored in 1920, 502-503; signs treaty of union with RSFSR, 526-528

Ukrainian Staff of the Partisan Movement, 635

Ukrainian Studies Program, 428

Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council, 648

Ukrainian Underground University, 588

Ukrainian Writers’ Union, 655, 670 Ukrainianism, 366, 368, 456, 507, 537, 675;

in St Petersburg, 366; Soviet, 663

Ukrainianization, 443, 472, 533, 537-547, 573, 593, 656, 669; apogee and decline of, 563-564, 566; end of, 566-567, 570-

571, 645; Russians and, 574; in western

Ukraine, 619-620

Ukrainianness, 382

Ukrainians beyond Ukraine, 9-10, 643; transferred from Poland, 642-643

Ukrainka, Lesia (Larysa Kosach-Kvitka, 1871-1913), 376, 441

Ukrainophiles/ukrainophilism: in Austria- Hungary, 436-438, 440-442, 445-446, 448-449; in Bukovina, 454; in Galicia during World War I, 464-466; in Russian Empire, 371-372; in interwar Subcar­pathian Rus', 608, 614; in Transcar­pathia, 456

Ukrains'ka Narodna Rada. See Ukrainian National Council

Ukrains'ka Narodnia Respublyka. See Ukrainian National Republic

Ukrains'ka Radians'ka Sotsialistychna Res­publyka. See Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Ukrainskii viestnik, 380

Ukrainskii zhumal, 359

Ukrains'kyi istorychnyi zhumal, 655

Ukrajina (term), 171-172

Ulianov, Vladimir. See Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich

Ulichians, 46, 53, 62-63

Ulozhenie, 210

Uman'/Humah, 237; massacre in, 300; as symbol, 297-299

Uman' Society (Gromada Human), 298

UNDO. See Ukrainian National Demo­cratic Alliance

Uniate church, 68, 165-166, 168, 203, 221, 255, 374-375, 397; renamed, 398

Uniates, 188, 190, 199-200; in Russian

Empire, 284, 374-375

UNICEF, 646

Union for the Liberation of Ukraine: in

L'viv, 466; in Soviet Ukraine, 565-566

Union of Cooperative Unions (Tsen- trosoiuz), 589

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, forma­tion of, 526, 530, 533

Union of Ukrainian Women (Soiuz Ukrainok), 589, 591

Unitarianism/Unitarians, 161-162, 222

United Kingdom, 644

United Nations, 646, 661, 674; Soviet Ukrainian mission to, 654

United States, 3, 24, 451; and Russian Civil War, 501; and World War 1,461,463,467, 485, 512, 523; and World War II, 635, 639; after 1945, 642, 658-659, 667, 671; emi­gration to, 343, 345, 425-427- 430-432, 508, 643, 650; immigrants in, 515, 519; immigration restrictions of, 586

United States Congress, 559

Univ monastery, 155

Universal: First, 473-475; Second, 477; Third, 479-480, 488-489; Fourth, 482, 504, 507

University of Alberta, 428

University of Chernivtsi, 435, 453-454

University of St Vladimir (Kiev), 336, 358­359, 361, 371, 376, 401, 449, 491

University of Toronto, 428

UNRRA, 646

Untermenschen, 629, 633

UPA (Ukrainian Insurgent Army), 434, 634-635, 648-649, 651

Upper Austria, 388

Uppland, 52

Ural Mountains, 13, 364, 658

Ural Tatars, 511

Urbanik, Martin, 287

Urbanization, 664

Utrigurs, 27, 34

Uvarov, Sergei S. (1786-1855), 359

UVO. See Ukrainian Military Organization Uzbek SSR, 526

Uzbeks, 635, 668

Uzhhorod (city), 404, 415, 455, 518-519, 604, 607; in Hungary, 614; (district), 415, 418; (Greek Catholic eparchy), 404

Uzhhorod, Union of, 650

Vahylevych, Ivan (1811-1866), 402-403, 409, 439, 441

Val'nyts'kyi, Kyrylo (1889-19??), 593

Valuev decree, 369-371, 375

Valuev, Petr (1814-1890), 368-369

Väna, Zdenek, 38

Vandalengau, 629

Vandals, 629

VAPLITE. See Free Academy of Proletarian Literature

Varangian Rus', 45, 54-55, 65, 71, 91, 185

Varangians, 46, 48, 52, 55-56, 58, 60 ‘Varangians to the Greeks, from the’

(waterway), 55, 60, 62, 91-92

Vasa dynasty, 192

Vashkivtsi, 454

Vasilii III, 208

Vasmer, Max, 38

Vasyl'kiv, Osyp (Osyp Krilyk, 1898-1941), 593

Vasyl'ko (Romanovych, 1199-1271), 118

Vasyl'ko, Mykola (1868-1924), 454

Vatan, 510

Vatican, 398, 595, 649-650, 671

Vechemytsi, 440

Vedel', Artem (1767-1808), 286 Velychkivs'kyi, Mykola (1882-1976), 629

Velychko, Samiilo (1670-ca. 1728), 289 Velychkovs'kyi, Ivan (d. 1726), 288 Venedi, 39

Venetia, 388, 407

Venice, 94, 112, 148, 228, 241

Verkhovna Rada. See Supreme Soviet

Verlan, 295

Vernadsky, George (1887-1993), 16, 21, 53-54, 432

Versailles, Treaty of, 525, 583, 611-612, 616

Vershyhora, Petro (1905-1963), 635

Vertep, 288

Wry, 88

Ves', 55

Viacheslav (laroslavych, 1034-1057), 77

Viatichians, 44, 64, 66

Viche, 79, 86-87

Vienna, 301, 375, 387-388, 390-391, 393­394, 397, 401-402, 404, 413, 416-418, 420-422, 425, 436, 443, 446, 448, 452, 454, 463, 467, 485, 513, 588; Turkish siege of, 228, 389; revolution of 1848 in, 407-409, 412; Ukrainians in, 398-399, 414-415, 428, 512, 517, 588, 596-597; Galician Jews in, 430; treason trials in, 466

Vienna Award, 613-614

Vienna, Congress of, 387, 402

Viestnik lugo-zapadnoi Rossii, 368

Viis'ko Zapmzke, 231, 233

Viis'ko Zaporiz'ke Nyzove, 233

Vikings. See Varangian Rus'; Varangians Village Farmer Association (Sil's'kyi Hos­podar), 442, 589

Vilna (imperial province), 335 Vilnius/Wilno (city), 129, 133-134, 140,

218, 335; Uniate metropolitan of Kiev in, 189; Polish university at, 359; (Orthodox eparchy), 153, 375

Vinhranovs'kyi, Mykola (b. 1936), 654 Vinnytsia (city), 501, 634; massacre at, 672;

(oblast), 551

Virgil, 358

Visigoths, 70

Vistnyk, 597

Vistnyk dlia Rusynov avstriiskoi derzhavy, 413 Vistula Operation (Akcja Wisla), 649 Vistula River, 5, 36, 38-39, 46, 117, 127,

143, 149-150, 156, 301, 327, 385-387, 616 Vitsebsk (city), 190; (imperial province),

335

Vlachs, 112, 348

Vladimir, 21; see also Vladimir-Suzdal' Vladimir-na-Kliazma, 14, 23, 84, 107, 122,

153, 207-208, 257, 439

Vladimirskii-Budanov, Mikhail (1838­1916), 19

Vladimir-Suzdal' (principality, grand duchy), 67, 78, 80, 82, 105; no, 112-113, 118, 120, 122-123, 129, 207-208

Voievoda, 134, 140, 237, 266

Voieuodstva, 139

Vojvodina, 387

Volga Bulgars, 44, 64, 66, 69, 107

Volga German ASSR, 624

Volga River, 44, 46, 58, 60, 62, 91, 109-110, 112,119,146,172-173, 207, 344, 557, 563, 624, 635

Volga Tatars, 511

Volhynia (region), 6; in pre-Kievan era, 41; Antes in, 40; Dulebians in, 44, 46, 53;

horody in, 46; Czechs in, 349; Germans in, 345, 508, 578; Jews in, 146, 338; Poles in, 9, 577, 642; under Nazi rule, 627-628, 630-631, 633-635; UPA in, 648; Polish view of, 17-18, 434; Ukrainian view of, 23; (principality), 82, 103, 107, 114-117, 120; after Mongol invasions, 170; unites with Galicia, H7ff.; Hungarian claim to, 117, 301; under Lithuania, 67, 123, 129­130, 149, 170; annexed by Poland, 136­137, 172; (palatinate in Kingdom of Poland), 143-144, 148, 155, 157, 169, 179; at time of Cossack state, 202, 205, 219-220, 224, 244, 256; Protestants in, 162; in 1700s, 263, 290, 292-295, 299;

Russian claim to, 284; annexed by Habs­burg Empire, 301; (imperial province), 302, 307-308, 310, 312, 314, 316-317, 334, 341, 359, 365-366; peasant land­holdings in, 325-326; in 1917, 477, 479; in 1918, 486, 489; in 1919, 501-503; (palatinate in Polish republic), 585; cooperatives in, 589; (Orthodox epar­chy), 375; (school district), 588

Volhynia, western (region), 433; within interwar Poland, 526, 583-584, 594-596; united with Soviet Ukraine, 617, 639; deportations from, 619-620; Soviet retreat from, 624

Volhynian Statute. See Second Volhynian Statute

Volksdeutsche. See Germans, ethnic Vol'nosti Viis’ka Zaporiz'koho Nyzovoho, 267 Volobuev, Mikhail (1900-1932), 564, 574, 658

Volodimer (‘the Great’). See Volodymyr/ Volodimer (‘the Great’)

Volodimer Monomakh. See Volodymyr Monomakh

Volodymyr (Hlibovych, 1158-1187), 171 Volodymyr (laroslavych, 1151-ca. 1199), 75 Volodymyr (Roman Catholic diocese),

335

Volodymyr Monomakh (1053-1125), 65, 77-80, 82-83, 88, 9°, n?

Volodymyr/Volodimer (‘the Great,’ ca. 956-1115), 65-67, 69, 76, 80, 83, 102, 188, 288; and Christianity, 69-70, 72-73, 97, 121, 133; and Church of the Dormi­tion, 99; introduces death penalty, 90; policy of expansion of, 115; fights Baltic tribes, 127; Muscovite princes and, 208 Volodymyr/Volodymyr-Volyns'kyi (town), 84, 107, 109, 165, 169; (Orthodox epar­chy), 72, 122, 152, 188; becomes Uniate, 189

Volodymyr-Brest (Uniate eparchy), 153; abolished, 374

Volodymyrko (1104-1153), 117 Volodyslav Kormyl'chych, 118-119 Volos, 47

Voloshyn, Avhustyn (1874-1946), 455-456, 608, 614-615

Volost', 311; replaced, 540

Volovych family, 161 Volunteer Army, 500, 507 Volyn'/Horodok, 40, 46 Vonatovych, Varlaam (Vasyl', ca. 1675­1751), 284

Vorarlberg, 388

Vorobkevych, Sydir (1836-1403), 453 Voronezh, 212, 361 Voroshylovhrad/Luhans'k, 541, 635; see also Luhans'k/Voroshylovhrad

Vosporo, 112

Votchina, 86

Votsekhovych, Ivan, 357-358 Vovk, Fedir (1847-1918), 371 Vozniak, Mykhailo (1881-1954), 619 Vrabel', Mykhailo (1866-1923), 455 Vrangel', Petr (1878-1928), 511 Vsevolod (laroslavych, 1030-1093), 76-77 Vuzy, 543

Vydubets'kyi Monastery, 258

Vyhovs'kyi, Ivan (d. 1664), 220-222, 224­225, 249, 266

Vynnychenko, Volodymyr (1880-1951), 379, 428, 472, 672; heads General Secre­tariat, 477; in Directory, 492, 495, 498; replaced by Petliura, 501; invited to Soviet Ukraine, 541

Vyshehrad, 92

Vyshens'kyi, Ivan (ca. 1550-1620), 162,

169

Vyshnevets'kyi, Dmytro (d. 1563), 181, 186 Vyshnevets'kyi family, 145, 161,181 Vytautas (‘the Great,’ 1350-1430), 131­133, 147, 152

Vytvyts'kyi, Stepan (1884-1965), 525 Vytychiv, 92

Wächter, Otto (1901-1949), 628

Waclaw z Oleska. See Zaleski, Waclaw Waffen SS, 627

Walachia, 39, 134, 155,178,182,185,189, 203-205, 219, 247, 348, 435

Waledyriski, Dionizy. SccDionizy

Wales, 350

War communism, 548-549, 575, 580

War Industries Committee, 469

Warsaw, 142, 200, 203, 219, 240, 243, 292, 300, 386, 403, 516, 588; Polish-Ukrainian treaty of, 502-503

Warsaw, Duchy of, 386-387

Warsaw University, 596

Warta River, 630

Wartheland, 630

Weinryb, Bernard D., 201

Weissbach, 272

West Galicia, 386

West Germany, 644

West Prussia, 346

‘West Russia’ (term), 432

West Slavs, 47, 95

West Ukrainian government-in-exile, 516­517, 587-588, 593

West Ukrainian Institute, 593

West Ukrainian National Republic (Zakhidn'o-Ukrains'ka Narodna Respub- lika), 495, 501-502, 512-517, 526, 542, 583; and Bukovina, 518; and Transcarpathia, 518-519; Paris mission of, 523, 525

Western Buh River. See Buh River Western Dvina River, 127 Western Europe, 16, 21, 35, 58, 60, 63, 76,

79, 84, 91, 94, 120, 148-149, 160-162, 239-240, 243, 281-282, 287, 314, 353­354, 426, 428, 432-433, 501, 503, 517, 525, 534, 541, 596, 613, 617, 673 Westernizers, 368 White clergy, 86 White Croats, 46 White Lake, 60 White Rus', 219 ‘White Russia’ (term), 15 White Russians, 492-493, 499-502, 511, 517, 520; pogroms and, 506 White Sea, 282 Whites. See White Russians Wild Fields, 17,172, 176 Wilson, Woodrow, 512, 516, 519, 523 Wisniowiecki.Jeremi (1612-1651), 202, 337 Wittenberg, 161 Wladyslaw II Jagiello (Jogaila, 1348-1434), 131-133, 139

Wladyslaw IV Wasa (1595-1648), 168, 189, 192,197,199, 209

Wojcik, Zbigniew, 18 Wojewodztwa, 142, 583 Women: and Ukrainian national ethos,

590-592; in Kievan Rus', 84, 90; and Tatars, 176; in Zaporozhia, 184-185; in eastern Galicia, 589-591; in Soviet Ukraine, 591-592

Women’s Hromada, 590 Women’s Section of CP(b)U, 591 World War 1,18, 21, 305, 337, 343, 346, 350,

373, 376, 378, 382, 427-428, 431, 436, 451, 454, 468, 478, 500, 507-508, 537, 542, 549-550, 578, 585, 589, 591-592, 594, 599, 607, 611-612, 616, 638-639, 644, 648, 674; outbreak of, 314, 324, 345, 349, Ç81, 387, 389, 418, 421, 429, 442- 443, 449, 452, 512, 588; described, 461­463; end of, 493, 502, 523, 586

World War II, 13, 18, 24, 216, 239, 427-428, 431-433, 553, 567, 629-630, 633, 638­639, 641-642, 645, 648, 650-651, 667, 669, 671-672, 674; outbreak of, 414, 529, 551, 598, 616-617

Wroclaw. See Breslau/Wroclaw

Württemberg, 344

Yale University, 432

Yalta, 6; second conference in, 639

Yedifkul Nogay, 175-176

Yenikale, 173

Yiddish language, 146, 344, 387, 394, 435, 504, 574-576, 607

Young Tatars, 348

Ypsilantes, Alexander (1792-1828), 350

Yugoslavia, 13, 433, 605, 613

Zabludow, 157

Zachariasiewicz,Jan (1825-1906), 429 Zadruga, 88

Zadunais'ka Sich. See Cossack Sich beyond the Danube

Zagradovka, 509

Zahaikevych, Volodymyr, 592 Zakhidn'o-Ukrains’ka Narodna Respub- lika. See West Ukrainian National Repub­lic

Zakupy, 85, 88-89

Zaleski, Jozef Bogdan (1802-1886), 336­337, 366

Zaleski, Waclaw (Waclaw z Oleska, 1800­18491,401,429

Zalizniak, Maksym, 296-297, 299-300 Zalozets'kyi-Sas, Volodymyr (1884-1965), 602

Zamosc, 203, 385-387

Zap, Karel (1812-1871), 401

Zaporizhzhia/Oleksandrivs'k (city), popu­lation of, 540; nuclear power plant at, 657; see also Oleksandrivs'k; (oblast), 674; (region), seeZaporozhia (region)

Zaporozhets' za Dunaiem, 376

Zaporozhia (region), 8, 179-183, 192, 230, 263, 265, 275-277, 280, 282, 290, 294­295, 316, 321; at time of Cossack state, 199, 218, 220, 227, 233, 242, 251, 259; incorporated into Muscovy, 228, 253; fully incorporated into Russian Empire, 267ff„ 307

Zaporozhian Cossacks, 18, 179-180, 182­183,199, 211, 217, 229, 240, 245, 247, 267, 269, 273, 296, 318; Romanians among, 348; view of otamany on, 499; historians on, 655; Shelest on, 662; Host (Army), 179, 203, 214-215, 221; Host (Army) as name for Cossack state, 171, 231; Sich, 199, 230, 242; destroyed, 267, 270, 275, 318, 351; see also Cossacks

Zapysky, 443

Zarubin, Aleksandr (ca. 1881-1920), 507 Zarubynets' culture, 41

Zarubyntsiv, 41

Zatons'kyi, Volodymyr (1888-1938), 497, 541

Zavadovskii, Petr (1738-1812), 317 Zbaraz'kyi family, 190

Zboriv, 205; Peace of, 204, 231

Zbruch River, 47, 385, 465-466, 516-517, 523, 526

Zegota, Pauli (1814-1895), 429

Zeme podkarpatoruska. See Subcarpathian Rusyn Land

Zemskii Sobor, 210, 217

Zemstvo League, 469

Zemstvos, 309-311, 313, 323, 373, 380, 474 Zerov, Mykola (1890-1937), 547, 655 Zevi, Shabbatai (1626-1676), 340-341 Zhatkovych, Gregory (1886-1967), 519, 603, 608

Zhatkovych, lurii (1855-1920), 455

Zhelekhivs'kyi, levhen (1844-1885), 440 Zhit'i liudi, 87

Zhitomir, 506

Zhmailo, Marko, 182

Zhmerynka, 327

Zhovkva, 196, 395; Jews in, 394

Zhovti Vody, Battle of, 199, 212

Zhulyns'kyi, Mykola (b. 1940), 670

Zhupy, 418

Zhvanets', 205; treaty, 231

Zhydychyn monastery, 155

Zhytomyr (city), 8, 227, 482, 627; pogrom in, 341, 506; (Roman Catholic diocese), 374

Ziber, Mykola (1844-1888), 371, 377 Zilberfarb, Moshe (1876-1934), 504 Zinov'ev, Grigorii (1883-1936), 551 Zinovivs'k. See lelysavethrad/Kirovohrad/

Zinovivs'k

Zionists, 344, 434

Znachko-Iavors'kyi, Melkhysedek (ca. 1716-1809), 296

Znachni viis’kovi tovaryshi. See Distinguished Military Fellows

Zolkiewski, Stanislaw (1547-1620), 186, 196

Zona halytska, 409, 413

Zubryts'kyi, Denys (1777-1862), 400-401, 403, 441

Zuivka, 553

Zyblikiewicz, Mikolaj (1825-1886), 425

Zygmunt II Augustus (1520-1572), 136, 162

Zygmunt III Wasa (1566-1572), 164, 166, 185, 188, 209

Zynov'iev, Klymentii (d. 1727), 288

Zyzanii, Lavrentii (d. ca. 1634), 162

Zyzanii, Stefan (1570-1621), 169