Ukraine Under the Austrian Empire
Austria emerged from the collapse of Poland-Lithuania in possession of a scrap of Ukrainian territory, the province of Galicia. Maria Theresa and Joseph II, who ruled Austria together as mother-and-son empress and emperor from 1765-1780, opted for the “make the oppressed happy” approach.
They limited the amount of money they tried to squeeze out of the peasants, and outlawed the virtual slavery to landlords. As the 1780s rolled on, the cities revived as trade flowed again. Ukrainians were granted more rights and privileges. Education in Ukrainian (rather than Latin or Russian) was permitted in primary schools.Ukrainian territories under Austrian rule answered to Vienna. Although Ukrainians were not permitted any political self-determination, the more laissez-faire approach of the Austrian Empire fostered the growth of Ukrainian national consciousness.
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