Animal Models
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in rhesus macaques is valuable for understanding the pathogenesis of cardiac injury associated with retroviral infection in a relevant nonhuman primate model of AIDS [27].
Chronic SIV infection resulted in depressed left ventricular systolic function and an extensive coronary arteriopathy suggestive of injury due to cell-mediated immune response [27]. Two-thirds of chronically infected macaques that died of SIV had related myocardial effects. Lymphocytic myocarditis was seen in 9 of 15 macaques and coronary arteriopathy in 9 of 15 (6 alone and 3 in combination with myocarditis) upon necropsy. In infected macaques, coronary arteriopathy was extensive, with evidence of vessel occlusion and recanalization and related regions of myocardial necrosis in four macaques. At necropsy, two animals had marantic endocarditis and one had a left ventricular mural thrombus. Macaques with cardiac pathology were emaciated to a greater extent than macaques with SIV and similar periods of infection who did not experience cardiac pathology [25, 27].
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