CONTENTS

Introduction................................................................................................................................... 185

Viral Factors That Influence Level of Viremia............................................................................

Host Genetic Factors That Influence Disease Progression........................................................... 187

Chemokine Receptor Mutations............................................................................................ 187

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)........................................................................................ 187

Gender.................................................................................................................................... 189

Immunologic Factors Impacting Disease Progression................................................................. 189

Antibody Response................................................................................................................ 190

Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes...................................................................................................... 191

T Helper Cells........................................................................................................................ 191

CD4⁺ T Cell Impairment........................................................................................................ 193

Apoptosis................................................................................................................................ 194

HIV-Mediated Cell Killing (Cytopathic Death).................................................................... 194

Syncytia Formation................................................................................................................ 195

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity................................................................ 196

Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Directed CD4⁺ Lymphocyte Depletion........................................ 196

Other Mechanisms of CD4 Depletion and Viral Evasion..................................................... 196

Conclusion..................................................................................................................................... 196

References..................................................................................................................................... 197